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Entanglement is one of the most fundamental, and intriguing, properties of quantum mechanics. It is also at the heart of quantum cryptography! In this chapter we start by giving a clear mathematical definition of entanglement. We give two classic applications, to superdense coding and to secret sharing. We then investigate two complementary properties of entanglement that we will use deeply in cryptographic applications. The first is nonlocality, which we investigate through the famous CHSH game. The second is the monogamy of entanglement, which we demonstrate using a three-player version of the CHSH game.