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21 - Revolutions against the State
from III - The State and Its Political Organizations
- By Colin J. Beck
Edited by Thomas Janoski, University of Kentucky, Cedric de Leon, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Joya Misra, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Isaac William Martin, University of California, San Diego
Book:

The New Handbook of Political Sociology

Published online:

22 February 2020

Print publication:

05 March 2020, pp 564-592
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Summary

The way social scientists think that others think about revolutions has been shaped primarily by Jack Goldstone. In his influential review essays, Goldstone (1982, 2001) presents the twentieth-century study of revolution as occurring in generations – from natural historians of the 1930s to general theorists of the mid-twentieth century, from state-centered scholars in the 1980s to a contemporary fourth generation basket of approaches. Because it is so familiar, his reading animates nearly all contemporary literature reviews in revolution studies.

Does Cuba Fit Yet or Is It Still ‘Exceptional’?
ANTONI KAPCIA
Journal:

Journal of Latin American Studies / Volume 40 / Issue 4 / November 2008

Published online by Cambridge University Press:

04 December 2008, pp. 627-650

Print publication:

November 2008
- Article
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Much of the external literature on the Cuban Revolution has been characterised by two dichotomies between ‘exceptionalism’ on the hand and the application of non-Cuban paradigms on the other, and that between Fidel-focussed interpretations and more systemic perspectives. This article examines the evolution of these dichotomies, from initial enthusiasm or condemnation, through an emerging awareness of a historical dimension, a focus on the social revolution, and new disenchantments, to the emergence of a less polemical attention to detail before the post-1991 return to type. In the light of this trajectory, new approaches are suggested to break with these patterns, while acknowledging the challenges for exogenous research.

5 - The Russian civil war, 1917–1922
from Part I - Russia and the Soviet Union: The Story through Time
- By Donald Raleigh
Edited by Ronald Grigor Suny
Book:

The Cambridge History of Russia

Published online:

28 March 2008

Print publication:

02 November 2006, pp 140-167
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Summary

A generation ago, the nature of available sources as well as dominant paradigms in the historical profession led Western historians of the civil war to focus on military operations, allied intervention and politics at the top. The origins of the Russian civil war can be found in the desacralisation of the tsarist autocracy that took place in the years before the First World War. War, geopolitics and the prolonged crisis beginning in 1914 shaped the emerging Bolshevik party-state, which differed radically from the utopian views of the commune state that Lenin had formulated in 1917 in his State and Revolution. Bent on retaining power and the symbols of legitimacy, the Bolsheviks disagreed over how best to implement new cultural practices, which they saw as essential to the success of their revolution. Centring on procurement, Bolshevik economic practices alienated the peasantry and contributed to the famine of 1921-23.