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This chapter shows that Vygotsky-Luria's cultural-historical approach to neuropsychology is engaged with promises for many new discoveries that may lead to fundamental changes in our understanding of the human mind. Cultural-historical neuropsychology is an approach to studying higher psychological functions. Vygotsky-Luria's theory is based on the idea that specifically human higher psychological functions develop in the process of communication and material activity of a developing person in a socio-cultural environment. The chapter concludes that modern studies concentrate too much on single regions of the brain and/or on performance of isolated psychological tasks. Principles of systemic organization remain unrevealed by such studies. The developmental dynamics of the functional localization is even less well understood. The relation of the functional organization of the brain to the cultural environment needs to be studied.
To examine the associations of perceived physical environmental factors (availability of physical activity (PA) attributes at home, PA facilities in the neighbourhood, neighbourhood pleasantness and safety) and social environmental factors (parental sports behaviour and parental rule regarding sports participation) with adolescent leisure-time sports participation, and to explore whether the associations found were mediated by individual cognitions as derived from the theory of planned behaviour (TPB).
Design
Cross-sectional study.
Setting
In schoolyear 2005/2006 adolescents from seventeen schools in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, completed a questionnaire during school hours that included self-reported measures of leisure-time sports participation, perceived physical environmental factors and TPB variables. Information about parental sports behaviour and parental rule was obtained from a questionnaire that was completed by one parent of the adolescents.
Subjects
Data were collected from 584 adolescent–parent combinations.
Results
Data were analysed with multi-level logistic regression analyses. Availability of PA attributes at home (OR = 1·26), parents’ sports behaviour (OR = 2·03) and parental rule (OR = 1·64) were associated with a higher likelihood of adolescents’ leisure-time sports participation. These associations were partly mediated by attitude and intention.
Conclusions
Adolescents were more likely to engage in leisure-time sports when PA attributes were available at home, when parents participated in sports activities and had a rule about their offspring participation in sports activities. These associations were partly mediated by attitude and intention. These results suggest that parents can importantly promote sports participation among their offspring by making sports activities accessible and a family routine.
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