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2 results

  • 22 - Stable Isotopes

  • from PART II - REACTION PROCESSES
  • Craig M. Bethke, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
  • Book:
    Geochemical and Biogeochemical Reaction Modeling
    Published online:
    09 December 2021
    Print publication:
    06 January 2022, pp 261-272

  • Summary

    Stable isotopes serve as naturally occurring tracers that can provide much information about how chemical reactions proceed in nature, such as which reactants are consumed and at what temperature reactions occur. This chapter shows how multicomponent chemical reaction models can be adapted to account for the stable isotope fractionation of hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, and sulfur. In the modeling approach, solid mineral phases can be held in isotopic equilibrium with the aqueous fluid or be segregated from isotope exchange. In the latter case, the isotopic composition of minerals varies only in response to precipitation and dissolution reactions. A fully worked example calculation traces the dolomitization reaction of a limestone, computed assuming the minerals are segregated from isotope exchange.

Calcium Isotopes

Calcium Isotopes
  • Elizabeth M. Griffith, Matthew S. Fantle
  • Published online:
    11 December 2020
    Print publication:
    21 January 2021
  • Precise measurements of the calcium (Ca) isotopes have provided constraints on Ca cycling at global and local scales, and quantified rates of carbonate diagenesis in marine sedimentary systems. Key to applying Ca isotopes as a geochemical tracer of Ca cycling, carbonate (bio)mineralization, and diagenesis is an understanding of the impact of multiple factors potentially impacting Ca isotopes in the rock record. These factors include variations in stable isotopic fractionation factors, the influence of local-scale Ca cycling on Ca isotopic gradients in carbonate settings, carbonate dissolution and reprecipitation, and the relationship between the Ca isotopic composition of seawater and mineral phases that record the secular evolution of seawater chemistry.