A new species of scale worm, Pholoides brasiliensis sp. nov., belonging to the family Sigalionidae, has been found in Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo States, south-east Brazil. The new species is mainly characterized by a long papilla in the subdistal region of the neuropodia and a prominent papilla on the ventral side of the tentaculophore. Pholoides remains species-poor compared to most Sigalionidae genera, and currently comprises four species.