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Many clinical psychologists either work with children who may be eligible for educational accommodations and special education or else work with adults who have received such services. This chapter provides an overview of assessment issues in educational settings, with a focus on K-12 schooling. We review the legal framework for special education assessment, before considering two controversial issues that interact with that framework: multitiered systems of support that delay comprehensive assessments and the question of whether students with ethnic minority backgrounds are overidentified as having disabilities. We then turn to the assessment of learning disabilities, the largest special education category; we review and evaluate major approaches to learning disability identification. Our next topic is the use of assessment data to determine which students need accommodations on classroom and high-stakes tests. Finally, we discuss an emerging issue: the measurement of effort and motivation that students exhibit during testing in educational settings.