Advanced three-dimensional (3D) packaging techniques for electronic components are promising for the realization of “systems-in-packages.” Three-dimensional packages require the use of a variety of materials within a small physical size range. Materials selection is therefore critical from electrical, optical, mechanical, structural, thermal, and manufacturability viewpoints. The materials combination depends also on the intended application for the 3D packaged modules. This article reviews 3D packaging approaches, materials classes, and examples. Three-dimensional packaged systems using judiciously selected materials offer performance advantages that cannot be provided by planar implementation.
