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13 - Physics of Ultrasound
from PART II - ULTRASOUND
- By Seric S. Cusick, Theodore J. Nielsen
Edited by J. Christian Fox, University of California, Irvine
Book:

Clinical Emergency Radiology

Published online:

07 December 2009

Print publication:

29 September 2008, pp 209-217
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Summary

The fundamental principal of diagnostic ultrasound relies on the transmission of sound into the patient's body and reception of reflected sound, which is then displayed as data for interpretation. As with the time gain control (TGC) control, the gain control allows a manual adjustment of the intensity of the returning echoes. The unit of measure is the decibel and may be displayed on the screen as "db" or as a numerical value. The depth control allows the operator to manually adjust the field of view, determining how much of the information deep to the probe is displayed. This chapter presents an introduction to the modes of Doppler available on common ED systems. The sonographer must select a transducer for each exam with consideration of the patient's body habitus and the anatomy to be visualized. Image artifacts may result from transducer design, anatomical interfaces, and ultrasound beam properties.