This chapter discusses the quality and risk management principles in the in vitro fertilization (IVF) laboratory. Within the context of the IVF center, services must be made more easily available and provided in a more pleasant environment with more personalized attention. There are two risk management tools: a proactive tool called failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) and a reactive tool called root cause analysis (RCA). IVF is an area of rapidly advancing technology and so continual training and proficiency testing are imperative. Comprehensive, formal programs are essential for training all embryologists in new techniques and procedures (i.e., novices and more junior staff), and for the orientation, and retraining as necessary, of embryologists coming from other laboratories. While the application of total quality management (TQM) cannot guarantee success, or even improved IVF success rates, it will ensure that the IVF lab systems will operate smoothly and efficiently.