This chapter focuses on the loss of somatic sensations, treatments currently available to address this problem, and potential application of theories of perceptual learning and neural plasticity. Loss of somatic sensations can be sustained due to damage at various levels of the sensory system, for example from receptors to peripheral nerves, spinal cord, brainstem and cerebral cortex. The potential for recovery of somatosensory abilities are demonstrated, following lesions to peripheral and central nervous systems under both spontaneous and training-induced recovery conditions. Neurorehabilitation needs to be founded on a rigorous basic and clinical science platform and include cure in its mission. Review of theories of perceptual learning and the conditions under which neural plastic changes occur suggests a number of principles that have potential application in retraining somatosensations following peripheral nervous system (PNS) or central nervous system (CNS) injury.