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Services providing treatment for drug and alcohol users have developed considerably in the last 30 years. They are now provided in all areas of the UK and there are clear standards which govern how they should be provided and what they should provide. Over that period of development the outcomes services have been trying to achieve have changed. Initially, it was harm reduction and prevention of blood-borne viruses, then prevention of crime and most recently abstinence. Services for substance misusers are different from other services in that they are subject to a considerable amount of control from politicians and policy makers. Furthermore, services have had to change as drug and alcohol problems have changed. They have ebbed and flowed as funding sources have changed. Despite that they have been able to provide effective evidence-based treatment to many. This chapter explores the history of service provision, how treatment models have been developed and why and what elements of service provision are considered best practice.
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