BBA1 is a designed protein that has only 23 residues.
It is the smallest protein without disulfide bridges that
has a well-defined tertiary structure in solution. We have
performed unfolding molecular dynamics simulations on BBA1
and some of its mutants at 300, 330, 360, and 400 K to
study their kinetic stability as well as the unfolding
mechanism of BBA1. It was shown that the unfolding simulations
can provide insights into the forces that stabilize the
protein. Packing, hydrophobic interactions, and a salt
bridge between Asp12 and Lys16 were found to be important
to the protein's stability. The unfolding of BBA1
goes through two major steps: (1) disruption of the hydrophobic
core and (2) unfolding of the helix. The β-hairpin
remains stable in the unfolding because of the high stability
of the type II′ turn connecting the two β-strands.