This study provides the first wide-scale, apparent time, instrumental description
of the Canadian Shift in mainstream Toronto English. In contrast with some
previous findings, the Toronto data suggest that for the last 70 years or more
the shift has not affected the high front lax vowel (i). We observe that the
movement of the nonhigh front lax vowels (ε) and (æ) involves both
lowering and retraction in Toronto English, although retraction is the primary
direction of more recent change and the shift appears to be slowing down. Our
findings also suggest that continued retraction of the vowel resulting from the
low back merger is involved in the final stage of the shift. We do not find
evidence of a chain shift but instead propose that a parallel shift is occurring
and make reference to Vowel Dispersion Theory in our discussion.