This article explores an underappreciated pragmatic constraint on the
expression of opinions: When expressing an opinion on a topic that has
been previously discussed, a speaker should correctly indicate the
cultural standing of that view in the relevant opinion
community. This Bakhtinian approach to discourse analysis is
contrasted with conversation analysis, politeness theory (Brown & Levinson, 1987), and analysis of epistemic
modality. Finally, indicators of four points on the cultural standing
continuum (highly controversial, debatable, common opinion, and taken for
granted) are illustrated with examples from American English usage.I am grateful for helpful comments from Jane Hill
and two anonymous reviewers for Language in Society as well as
Justin Beck, Paul Ireland, Ronald Macaulay, Naomi Quinn, Daniel Segal, James
Van Cleve, other students in Methods of Discourse Analysis (spring
2001) and Language and Power (spring 2003), and other colleagues who
commented on the paper when I presented it at Pitzer College in
February 2000.