We prove new results concerning the additive Galois module structure of wildly ramified non-abelian extensions $K/\mathbb{Q}$ with Galois group isomorphic to $A_4$, $S_4$, $A_5$, and dihedral groups of order $2p^n$ for certain prime powers $p^n$. In particular, when $K/\mathbb{Q}$ is a Galois extension with Galois group $G$ isomorphic to $A_4$, $S_4$ or $A_5$, we give necessary and sufficient conditions for the ring of integers $\mathcal{O}_{K}$ to be free over its associated order in the rational group algebra $\mathbb{Q}[G]$.

John Rognes developed a notion of Galois extension of commutative ring spectra, and this includes a criterion for identifying an extension as unramified. Ramification for commutative ring spectra can be detected by relative topological Hochschild homology and by topological André–Quillen homology. In the classical algebraic context, it is important to distinguish between tame and wild ramification. Noether’s theorem characterizes tame ramification in terms of a normal basis, and tame ramification can also be detected via the surjectivity of the trace map. For commutative ring spectra, we suggest to study the Tate construction as a suitable analog. It tells us at which integral primes there is tame or wild ramification, and we determine its homotopy type in examples in the context of topological K-theory and topological modular forms.

We show that compatible systems of $\ell$-adic sheaves on a scheme of finite type over the ring of integers of a local field are compatible along the boundary up to stratification. This extends a theorem of Deligne on curves over a finite field. As an application, we deduce the equicharacteristic case of classical conjectures on $\ell$-independence for proper smooth varieties over complete discrete valuation fields. Moreover, we show that compatible systems have compatible ramification. We also prove an analogue for integrality along the boundary.

In order to study $p$-adic étale cohomology of an open subvariety $U$ of a smooth proper variety $X$ over a perfect field of characteristic $p>0$, we introduce new $p$-primary torsion sheaves. It is a modification of the logarithmic de Rham–Witt sheaves of $X$ depending on effective divisors $D$ supported in $X-U$. Then we establish a perfect duality between cohomology groups of the logarithmic de Rham–Witt cohomology of $U$ and an inverse limit of those of the mentioned modified sheaves. Over a finite field, the duality can be used to study wildly ramified class field theory for the open subvariety $U$.

Using a local construction from a previous paper, we exhibit a numerical invariant, the differential Swan conductor, for an isocrystal on a variety over a perfect field of positive characteristic overconvergent along a boundary divisor; this leads to an analogous construction for certain p-adic and l-adic representations of the étale fundamental group of a variety. We then demonstrate some variational properties of this definition for overconvergent isocrystals, paying special attention to the case of surfaces.

We propose a geometric method to measure the wild ramification of a smooth étale sheaf along the boundary. Using the method, we study the graded quotients of the logarithmic ramification groups of a local field of characteristic p > 0 with arbitrary residue field. We also define the characteristic cycle of an ℓ-adic sheaf, satisfying certain conditions, as a cycle on the logarithmic cotangent bundle and prove that the intersection with the 0-section computes the characteristic class, and hence the Euler number.

Let $N/K$ be a biquadratic extension of algebraic number fields, and $G\,=\,\text{Gal(}N/K\text{)}$. Under a weak restriction on the ramification filtration associated with each prime of $K$ above 2, we explicitly describe the $\mathbb{Z}\text{ }[G]\text{ }$-module structure of each ambiguous ideal of $N$. We find under this restriction that in the representation of each ambiguous ideal as a $\mathbb{Z}\text{ }[G]\text{ }$-module, the exponent (or multiplicity) of each indecomposable module is determined by the invariants of ramification, alone.

For a given group, $G$, define ${{S}_{G}}$ to be the set of indecomposable $\mathbb{Z}\text{ }[G]\text{ }$-modules, $M$, such that there is an extension, $N/K$, for which $G\cong \text{Gal(}N/K\text{)}$, and $M$ is a $\mathbb{Z}\text{ }[G]\text{ }$-module summand of an ambiguous ideal of $N$. Can ${{S}_{G}}$ ever be infinite? In this paper we answer this question of Chinburg in the affirmative.

We study a ramification theory for a division algebra D of the following type: The center of D is a complete discrete valuation field K with the imperfect residue field F of certain type, and the residue algebra of D is commutative and purely inseparable over F. Using Swan conductors of the corresponding element of Br(K), we define ψ-function of D/K, and it describe the action of the reduced norm map on the filtration of D$^*$. We also gives a relation among the Swan conductors and the ’ramification number‘ of D, which is defined by the commutator group of D$^*$.

We study a ramification theory for a division algebra D of the following type: The center of D is a complete discrete valuation field K with the imperfect residue field F of certain type, and the residue algebra of D is commutative and purely inseparable over F. Using Swan conductors of the corresponding element of Br(K), we define Herbrand‘s ψ-function of D/K, and it describes the action of the reduced norm map on the filtration of D$^*$. We also gives a relation among the Swan conductors and the ’ramification number‘ of D, which is defined by the commutator group of D$^*$.