Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gvvz8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T20:09:51.711Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Notes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 July 2014

David Woodward
David Woodward
Affiliation:
Marshall University, West Virginia
Get access
Type
Chapter
Information
The American Army and the First World War , pp. 396 - 442
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2014

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Millett, Allan, “The American Military as an Instrument of Power,” in Jessup, John and Ketz, Louise (eds.), Encyclopedia of the American Military (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1994), vol. 1, p. 183.Google Scholar
Weigley, Russell, History of the United States Army (New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc., 1967), pp. 296–98.Google Scholar
Beaver, Daniel, Modernizing the American War Department (Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 2006), p. 28.Google Scholar
Doughty, Robert and Gruber, Ira, American Military History and the Evolution of Western Warfare (Lexington, Mass., D. C. Heath and Co., 1996), p. 244Google Scholar
Palmer, Frederick, Newton D. Baker: America at War (New York: Dodd, Mead, 1931), vol. 1, p. 31.Google Scholar
Dulles, Foster Rhea, America’s Rise to World Power, 1898–1954 (New York: HarperCollins, 1955), p. 43.Google Scholar
Beckett, Ian, The Great War, 1914–1918 (Harlow: Pearson Education Limited, 2001), p. 204.Google Scholar
Goerlitz, Walter, History of the German General Staff, 1657–1945 (New York: Frederick A. Praeger, 1953), pp. 69–142.Google Scholar
Jessup, Philip, Elihu Root (New York: Dodd, Mead & Co., 1938), vol. 1, p. 215.Google Scholar
Paxson, Frederic, American Democracy and the World War (New York: Cooper Square Publishers, Inc., 1966), vol. 1, pp. 112–13.Google Scholar
Nenninger, Timothy, “The Army Enters the Twentieth Century,” in Hagan, Kenneth J. and Roberts, William R. (eds.), Against All Enemies: Interpretations of American Military History from Colonial Time to the Present (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1986), p. 223.Google Scholar
Roberts, William R., “Reform and Revitalization, 1890–1902,” in Hagan, Kenneth J. and Roberts, William R. (eds.), Against All Enemies: Interpretations of American Military from Colonial Times to the Present (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1986), p. 213.Google Scholar
Coffman, Edward, The War to End All Wars (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1986), p. 12.Google Scholar
Coffman, Edward, The Regulars: The American Army, 1898–1941 (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2007), p. 185.Google Scholar
Nenninger, Timothy, “American Military Effectiveness in the First World War,” in Millett, Allan and Murray, Williamson (eds.), Military Effectiveness, vol. 1, The First World War (Boston, Mass.: Unwin Hyman, 1989), pp. 135–36.Google Scholar
Lane, Jack, Armed Progressive: General Leonard Wood (San Rafael, Calif.: Presidio Press, 1978), p. 149.Google Scholar
Finnegan, John, Against the Specter of a Dragon: The Campaign for American Military Preparedness, 1914–1917 (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1975), p. 18.Google Scholar
Alexander, Robert, Memories of the World War, 1917–1918 (New York: The Macmillan Co., 1931), p. 103.Google Scholar
Lejeune, John, The Reminiscences of a Marine (Philadelphia, Pa.: Dorrance, 1930), pp. 188–89.Google Scholar
Coffman, Edward, “The AEF Leaders’ Education for War,” in Adams, R. J. Q. (ed.), The Great War, 1914–1918: Essays on the Military, Political and Social History of the First World War, 1914–1918 (College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 1990), p. 149.Google Scholar
Liggett, Hunter, AEF Ten Years Ago in France (New York: Dodd, Mead, 1928), pp. 289–90.Google Scholar
Kennett, Lee, The First Air War, 1914–1918 (New York: Free Press, 1991), p. 7.Google Scholar
Link, Arthur, Wilson the Diplomatist: A Look at His Major Foreign Policies (Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1957), p. 5.Google Scholar
DeWeerd, Harry, President Wilson Fights His War: World War I and the American Intervention (New York: Macmillan, 1968), p. 5.Google Scholar
Link, Arthur, The Struggle for Neutrality, 1914–1915 (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1960), p. 66.Google Scholar
Link, Arthur, The New Freedom (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1956), vol. 2, p. 77.Google Scholar
Ferrell, Robert, Woodrow Wilson and World War I, 1917–1921 (New York: Harper & Row Publishers, 1985), p. 50.Google Scholar
Millett, Allan, “Cantigny, 28–31 May 1918,” in Heller, Charles and Stofft, William (eds.), America’s First Battles, 1776–1965 (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1986), p. 151.Google Scholar
Ayres, Leonard, The War with Germany: A Statistical Summary (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1919), pp. 63–68, 73–77;Google Scholar
Chambers, John, To Raise an Army: The Draft Comes to Modern America (New York: Free Press, 1987), p. 75;Google Scholar
Zieger, Robert, America’s Great War: World War I and the American Experience (Lanham, Md.: Roman & Littlefield Publishers, 2001), p. 66.Google Scholar
Upton, Emory, The Military Policy of the United States from 1775 (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1904), pp. vii, xi, xiii–xiv.Google Scholar
Fitzpatrick, David, “Emory Upton and the Army of a Democracy,” Journal of Military History 77 (2013): 465.Google Scholar
Link, Arthur, Confusion and Crises, 1915–1916 (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1964), pp. 15–17.Google Scholar
Knock, Thomas, To End All Wars: Woodrow Wilson and the Quest for a New World Order (New York: Oxford University Press, 1992), p. 82.Google Scholar
Kennedy, David, Over Here: The First World War and American Society (New York: Oxford University Press, 1980), pp. 114–17.Google Scholar
March, Peyton, The Nation at War (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, Doran & Co., Inc., 1932), p. 241.Google Scholar
Pershing, John, My Experiences in the World War (New York: Frederick A. Stokes Co., 1931), vol. 1, pp. 8–9.Google Scholar
Ferrell, Robert, America’s Deadliest Battle: Meuse-Argonne, 1918 (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2007), p. 12.Google Scholar
Fischer, Fritz, Germany’s Aims in the First World War (New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1967), pp. 103–04.Google Scholar
Seymour, Charles (ed.), The Intimate Papers of Colonel House (Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin, 1926–28), vol. 2, pp. 201–02.Google Scholar
Link, Arthur, Wilson: Campaigns for Progressivism and Peace, 1916–1917 (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1965), p. 24.Google Scholar
Doenecke, Justus, Nothing Less Than War: A New History of America’s Entry into World War I (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2011), p. 205.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Herwig, Holger, The First World War: Germany and Austria–Hungary, 1914–1918 (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1997), p. 229.Google Scholar
Woodward, David, World War I Almanac (New York: Facts on File, 2009), p. 165.Google Scholar
Beaver, Daniel, Baker and the American War Effort (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1966), pp. 25–26.Google Scholar
Tuchman, Barbara, The Zimmermann Telegram (New York: Macmillan, 1966), p. 183.Google Scholar
Woodward, David (ed.), Military Correspondence of Field Marshal Sir William Robertson: Chief of the Imperial General Staff, December 1915–February 1918 (London: Bodley Head, 1989), p. 149.Google Scholar
Rainey, James, “The Questionable Training of the AEF in World War I,” Parameters: Journal of the US Army War College 22 (1992–93): 89.Google Scholar
Burk, Kathleen, Britain, America and the Sinews of War, 1914–1918 (Boston, Mass.: Allen & Unwin, 1985);Google Scholar
Sullivan, Mark, Our Times: The United States, 1900–1925, vol. 5, Over Here, 1914–1918 (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1933), p. 497.Google Scholar
Cooper, Jerry, “The National Guard Mobilizations of 1916 and 1917,” in Weingartner, Steven (ed.), Cantigny at Seventy-Five (Chicago, Ill.: Robert R. McCormick Tribune Foundation, 1994), p. 50.Google Scholar
Schaffer, Ronald, America in the Great War: The Rise of the War Welfare State (New York: Oxford University Press, 1991), pp. 3–10.Google Scholar
Harries, Meirion and Harries, Susie, Last Days of Innocence: America at War, 1917–1918 (New York: Vintage Books, 1998), p. 97.Google Scholar
[Editorial staff of Review of Reviews], Two Thousand Questions and Answers about the War (New York: The Review of Reviews Co., 1918), p. 233.Google Scholar
Keene, Jennifer, Doughboys, the Great War, and the Remaking of America (Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001), pp. 18–19.Google Scholar
Meigs, Mark, Optimism at Armageddon: Voices of American Participants in the First World War (New York: New York University Press, 1997), p. 14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gordon, Dennis (ed.), Quartered in Hell: The Story of American North Russian Expeditionary Force, 1918–1919 (Missoula, Mont.: Doughboy Historical Society and GOS, Inc., 1982), p. 36.Google Scholar
Ford, Nancy, Americans All: Foreign-Born Soldiers in World War I (College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 2001), p. 9.Google Scholar
Callwell, C. (ed.), Field-Marshal Sir Henry Wilson: His Life and Diaries (London: Cassell & Co. Ltd., 1927), vol. 2, p. 101.Google Scholar
Stout, Mark, “World War I and the Invention of American Intelligence,” Ph.D. diss., University of Leeds, 2010, p. 123.
Hickel, K. Walter, “War, Region and Social Welfare: Federal Aid to Servicemen’s Dependants in the South, 1917–1921,” Journal of American History 87 (March 2001): 1370.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keene, Jennifer, World War I: The American Soldier Experience (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2011), pp. 46–47.Google Scholar
Smythe, Donald, Pershing: General of the Armies (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1986), p. 251Google Scholar
Marshall, George C., Memoirs of My Services in the World War, 1917–1918 (Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin, 1976), p. 64.Google Scholar
Johnson, Douglas, “A Few Squads Left and Off to France: Training the American Army in the United States for World War I,” Ph.D. diss., Temple University, 1992, p. 246.
Lonergan, Thomas, It Might Have Been Lost: A Chronicle From Alien Sources of the Struggle to Preserve the National Identity of the AEF (New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1929), Appendix No. 7, p. 281.Google Scholar
Faulkner, Richard S., The School of Hard Knocks: Combat Leadership in the American Expeditionary Forces (College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 2012), pp. 99–139.Google Scholar
Grotelueschen, Mark, AEF Way of War: The American Army and Combat in World War I (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007), p. 284.Google Scholar
Herrmann, David, The Arming of Europe and the Making of the First World War (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1996), p. 22.Google Scholar
Doughty, Robert, Pyrrhic Victory: French Strategy and Operations in the Great War (Cambridge, Mass.: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2005), p. 26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Terraine, John, White Heat: The New Warfare, 1914–1918 (London: Sidgwick & Jackson, 1982), pp. 70–71.Google Scholar
Griffith, Paddy, Battle Tactics of the Western Front: The British Army’s Art of Attack, 1916–1918 (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1994), p. 49.Google Scholar
English, John and Gudmundsson, Bruce, On Infantry, rev. edn. (Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 1994), pp. 1–13.Google Scholar
US War Department, 1914 Field Service Regulations, with text corrections to December 1916 (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1917), p. 68.Google Scholar
US War Department, 1911 Infantry Drill Regulations, with text corrections to February 1917 (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1917), miscellaneous note 575.Google Scholar
Grotelueschen, Mark, Doctrine Under Trial: American Artillery Employment in World War I (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 2001), p. 5.Google Scholar
US War Department, 1914 Field Service Regulations (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1914), pp. 68, 75.Google Scholar
Neillands, Robin, The Death of Glory: The Western Front 1915 (London: John Murray, 2006), pp. 250–54.Google Scholar
Travers, Tim, How the War was Won: Command and Technology in the British Army on the Western Front, 1917–1918 (New York: Routledge, 1992).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Travers, Tim, The Killing Ground: The British Army, the Western Front, and the Emergence of Modern Warfare, 1900–1918 (Boston, Mass.: Allen & Unwin, 1987), pp. 132–46.Google Scholar
Keegan, John, The Face of Battle: A Study of Agincourt, Waterloo and the Somme (New York: Vintage Books, 1977), pp. 277–78.Google Scholar
Prior, Robin and Wilson, Trevor, Command on the Western Front (Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1992), pp. 154–70.Google Scholar
Foley, R., “Learning War’s Lessons: The German Army and the Battle of the Somme 1916,” Journal of Military History 75 (2011): 498.Google Scholar
Johnson, Douglas and Hillman, Rolfe, Soissons 1918 (College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 1999), p. 23.Google Scholar
Spector, Ronald, “You’re Not Going to Send Soldiers Over There Are You!” Military Affairs 36 (1972): 1–4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harris, J., Douglas Haig and the First World War (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008), p. 326.Google Scholar
Bruce, Robert, A Fraternity of Arms: America and France in the Great War (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2003), p. 38.Google Scholar
Morris, A. (ed.), Letters of Lieutenant-Colonel Charles à Court Repington: Military Correspondent of The Times, 1903–1918 (Stroud: Sutton Publishing Limited, 1999), pp. 265–66.Google Scholar
Repington, Charles, The First World War, 1914–1918 (London: Constable and Co., 1920), vol. 1, p. 31;Google Scholar
Bridges, Tom, Alarms & Excursions: Reminiscences of a Soldier (London: Longmans, Green, 1938), p. 175.Google Scholar
Liddell Hart, B., Reputation: Ten Years After (London: John Murray, 1928), p. 289.Google Scholar
Harbord, James, American Army in France, 1917–1918 (Boston, Mass.: Little, Brown, 1936), p. 46.Google Scholar
Goldhurst, Richard, Pipe and Clay and Drill: John J. Pershing. The Classic American Soldier (New York: Reader’s Digest Press, 1977), p. 133.Google Scholar
Bullard, Robert, Personalities and Reminiscences of the War (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1925), p. 46.Google Scholar
Vandiver, Frank, Black Jack: The Life and Times of John J. Pershing (College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 1977), vol. 2, p. 673.Google Scholar
Palmer, Frederick, Pershing: General of the Armies. A Biography (Harrisburg, Pa.: Military Service Publishing, 1948), p. 84.Google Scholar
Cooke, J., Pershing and his Generals: Command and Staff in the AEF (Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 1977), p. 6.Google Scholar
Harbord, James, Leaves from a War Diary (New York: Dodd, Mead, 1925), p. 18.Google Scholar
Millett, Allan, “Over Where? The AEF and the American Strategy for Victory, 1917–1918,” in Hagan, Kenneth J. and Roberts, William R. (eds.), Against All Enemies: Interpretations of American Military History from Colonial Times to the Present (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1986), p. 238.Google Scholar
Gilbert, Martin, First World War: A Complete History (New York: Henry Holt and Co., Inc., 1994), p. 333.Google Scholar
Palmer, Frederick, America in France: The Story of the Making of an Army (New York: Dodd, Mead, 1918), pp. 26–27.Google Scholar
Dalessandro, Robert and Knapp, Michael, Organization and Insignia of the American Expeditionary Force, 1917–1923 (Atglen, Pa.: Schiffer Publishing Ltd., 2008), p. 10.Google Scholar
Votaw, John, The American Expeditionary Forces in World War I (Oxford: Osprey Publishing Ltd., 2005), p. 32.Google Scholar
Lengel, Edward, To Conquer Hell: The Meuse-Argonne, 1918. The Epic Battle that Ended the First World War (New York: Henry Holt and Co., 2008), p. 35.Google Scholar
Smythe, , “John J. Pershing: A Study in Paradox,” Military Review 49 (1969): 66.Google Scholar
Oram, Gerard, Military Executions during World War I (New York: Palgrave, 2004), p. 3.Google Scholar
Braim, Paul, The Test of Battle, 2nd edn. (Shippensburg, Pa.: White Mane Books, 1998), p. 31.Google Scholar
von Ludendorff, Erich, Ludendorff’s Own Story: August 1914–November 1918, 2 vols. (New York: Harper Brothers Publishers, 1919), vol. 2, p. 201.Google Scholar
Johnson, Hubert, Breakthrough Tactics, Technology and the Search for Victory on the Western Front in World War I (Novato, Calif.: Presidio Press, 1994), pp. 217–23.Google Scholar
Lincoln, W. Bruce, Passage through Armageddon: The Russians in War and Revolution (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986), p. 411.Google Scholar
Roskill, Steven (ed.), Hankey: Man of Secrets, vol. 1, 1877–1918 (London: Collins, 1970), p. 418.Google Scholar
Weigley, Russell, The American Way of War: A History of United States Military Strategy and Policy (New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc., 1973), p. xxi.Google Scholar
French, David, The Strategy of the Lloyd George Coalition, 1916–1918 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995), pp. 187–92CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Woodward, David, Trial by Friendship: Anglo-American Relations, 1917–1918 (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1993), pp. 130–48.Google Scholar
Wilson, Trevor, The Myriad Faces of War (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1986), p. 633.Google Scholar
Robertson, William, Soldiers and Statesmen, 1914–1918 (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1926), vol. 1, p. 326.Google Scholar
Woodward, David, Field Marshal Sir William Robertson: Chief of the Imperial General Staff in the Great War (Westwood, Conn.: Praeger, 1998), pp. 158–68.Google Scholar
Stevenson, David, With Our Backs to the Wall: Victory and Defeat in 1918 (Cambridge, Mass.: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2011), p. 368.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keegan, John, The First World War (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1999), pp. 393–94.Google Scholar
Trask, David, The AEF and Coalition Warmaking, 1917–1918 (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1993), pp. 40–41.Google Scholar
Link, Arthur and Chambers, John, “Woodrow Wilson as Commander in Chief,” in Kohn, Reichard (ed.), The United States Military under the Constitution of the United States, 1789–1989 (New York: New York University Press, 1991), pp. 317–45.Google Scholar
Woodward, David, “‘Black Jack’ Pershing: The American Pro Consul in Europe,” in Hughes, Matthew and Seligman, Matthew (eds.), First World War: Personalities in Conflict (London: Leo Cooper, 2000), pp. 141–57.Google Scholar
Cronon, Edmund (ed.), The Cabinet Diaries of Josephus Daniels, 1913–1921 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1963), p. 294.Google Scholar
Clements, Kendrick, The Presidency of Woodrow Wilson (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1992), p. 186.Google Scholar
Zabecki, David T., Steel Wind: Colonel Georg Bruchmüller and the Birth of Modern Artillery (Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 1995), p. 68 and Harris, Douglas Haig, p. 447.Google Scholar
Perry, Nicholas (ed.), Major General Oliver Nugent and the Ulster Division, 1915–1918 (Stroud: Sutton Publishing Limited for Army Records Society, 2007), p. 210.Google Scholar
Goodspeed, Donald, Ludendorff: Genius of World War I (Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin, 1966), p. 244.Google Scholar
George, David Lloyd, War Memoirs of David Lloyd George (London: Odhams Press Limited, 1938), vol. 2, p. 1820Google Scholar
Gleaves, Albert, A History of the Transport Service: Adventures and Experiences of United States Transport and Cruisers in the World War (New York: George H. Doran, 1921), pp. 28–30, 81.Google Scholar
Frothingham, Thomas, The American Reinforcements in the World War (New York: Doubleday/Page, 1927), p. 101.Google Scholar
Fye, John (ed.), History of the Sixth Field Artillery, 1798–1932 (Harrisburg, Pa.: Published under direction of Headquarters, Sixth Field Artillery, 1933), p. 154.Google Scholar
Rothwell, V., British War Aims and Peace Diplomacy, 1914–1918 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1971), pp. 158–71.Google Scholar
Fowler, William, British–American Relations, 1917–1918 (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1969), p. 139.Google Scholar
Cassar, George, Lloyd George at War, 1916–1918 (London: Anthem Press, 2009), pp. 72–74.Google Scholar
Huston, James for an earlier date, October 31, 1918: “81,800 officers and 1,037,000 men in zone of armies, 855,600 in rear (including combat replacements as well as service troops),” The Sinews of War: Army Logistics, 1775–1953 (Washington, DC: US Army Office of the Chief of Military History, 1966), p. 385.Google Scholar
Heywood, Chester, Negro Combat Troops in the World War: The Story of the 371st Infantry (New York: Negro Universities Press, 1969), pp. 3–4, 10.Google Scholar
Baucom, Donald, “Awards, Decorations and Honors,” in Chambers, John (ed.), The Oxford Companion to American Military History (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999), p. 68.Google Scholar
Neumann, Brian, “A Question of Authority: Reassessing the March–Pershing ‘Feud’ in the First World War,” Journal of Military History 73 (2009): 1119.Google Scholar
Woodward, David, Lloyd George and the Generals (London and New York: Frank Cass, 2004), p. 317.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, Malcolm, The Imperial War Museum Book of 1918: Year of Victory (London: Sidgwick & Jackson, in association with Imperial War Museum, 1998), p. 150.Google Scholar
Woodward, David, “Christmas Truce of 1914: Empathy under Fire,” Phi Kappa Phi Forum (2011): 18–19
Ashworth, Tony, Trench Warfare, 1914–1918: The Live and Let Live System (New York: Holmes & Meier Publishers, 1980).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eisenhower, John, Yanks: The Epic Story of the American Army in World War I (New York: Touchstone, 2001), p. 88.Google Scholar
Society of the First Division, History of the First Division during the World War, 1917–1919 (Philadelphia, Pa.: John C. Winston, 1922), p. 55.Google Scholar
Shay, Michael, The Yankee Division in the First World War (College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 2008), pp. 88–89.Google Scholar
Ferrell, Robert (ed.), In the Company of Generals: The World War I Diary of Pierpont L. Stackpole (Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2009), p. 21.Google Scholar
Greenhalgh, Elizabeth, Foch in Command: The Forging of a First World War General (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011), pp. 300–07 and Doughty, Pyrrhic Victory, pp. 435–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stevenson, David, Cataclysm: The First World War as Political Strategy (New York: Basic Books, 2004), p. 336Google Scholar
Ritter, Gerhard, The Sword and Scepter, vol. 4, The Reign of German Militarism and the Disaster of 1918 (Coral Gables, Fla.: University of Miami Press, 1973), p. 230.Google Scholar
Cruttwell, C., A History of the Great War, 1914–1918 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1964), pp. 516–17.Google Scholar
Jeffery, Keith (ed.), Military Correspondence of Field Marshal Sir Henry Wilson, 1918–1922 (London: Bodley Head, 1985), p. 39.Google Scholar
Greenhalgh, Elizabeth, “David Lloyd George, Georges Clemenceau, and the 1918 Manpower Crisis,” Historical Journal 50 (2007): 402.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sheffield, Gary and Bourne, John (eds.), Douglas Haig: War Diaries and Letters, 1914–1918 (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2005), p. 409.Google Scholar
Yockelson, Mitchell, Borrowed Soldiers: Americans under British Command, 1918 (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2008), p. 34.Google Scholar
Terraine, John, To Win a War: 1918, the Year of Victory (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1981), p. 68.Google Scholar
Van Every, Dale, The AEF in Battle (New York: D. Appleton, 1928), pp. 85–86.Google Scholar
Page, Arthur, Our 110 Days’ Fighting (Garden City, NY: Doubleday/Page, 1920), pp. 204–05Google Scholar
Yockelson, M., “‘We Have Found Each Other at Last’: Americans and Australians at the Battle of Hamel in July 1918,” Army History 65 (2007): 17–25.Google Scholar
Samuels, Martin, Command or Control? Command, Training and Tactics in the British and German Armies, 1888–1918 (Portland, Oreg.: Martin Cass, 1995), pp. 158–97.Google Scholar
Paschall, Rod, The Defeat of Imperial Germany, 1917–1918 (New York: Da Capo Press, 1994), p. 36;Google Scholar
Bourne, John, Who’s Who in World War One (London: Routledge, 2001), p. 41.Google Scholar
Simmons, Edwin Howard and Alexander, Joseph, Through the Wheat: The US Marines in World War I (Annapolis, Md.: Naval Institute Press, 2008), pp. 13, 18–28.Google Scholar
Spaulding, Oliver and Wright, John, The Second Division: American Expeditionary Force in France, 1917–1918 (New York: Hillman Press, 1937), pp. 247–48.Google Scholar
Asprey, Robert, The German High Command at War: Hindenburg and Ludendorff Conduct World War I (New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 1993), p. 424.Google Scholar
Stallings, Larry, The Doughboys: The Story of the AEF, 1917–1918 (New York: Harper & Row, 1963), p. 97.Google Scholar
Ullman, Richard, Anglo-Soviet Relations, 1917–1921, vol. 1, Intervention and the War (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1961), pp. 151–56.Google Scholar
Jackson, Robert, At War with the Bolsheviks: The Allied Intervention into Russia, 1917–1920 (London: Tom Stacy Ltd., 1972), pp. 48–49.Google Scholar
Davis, Donald and Trani, Eugene, The First Cold War: The Legacy of Woodrow Wilson in US–Soviet Relations (Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1992).Google Scholar
Rhodes, Benjamin, The Anglo-American Winter War with Russia, 1918–1919: A Diplomatic and Military Tragicomedy (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1988), p. 123.Google Scholar
Lincoln, W. Bruce, Red Victory: A History of the Russian Civil War (New York: Touchstone, 1989), p. 42.Google Scholar
Trask, David, United States in the Supreme War Council: American War Aims and Allied Strategy, 1917–1918 (Middleton, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press, 1961), pp. 113–15.Google Scholar
Kennan, George, Soviet–American Relations, 1917–1918, vol. 2, The Decision to Intervene (New York: Atheneum, 1967), pp. 13–57.Google Scholar
Saul, Norman, War and Revolution: The United States and Russia, 1914–1921 (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2001), p. 313.Google Scholar
Halliday, E., The Ignorant Armies (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1960), pp. 194–95.Google Scholar
Baerlein, Henry, The March of the Seventy Thousand (London: Leonard Parsons, 1926), pp. 159–81.Google Scholar
Graves, William, America’s Siberian Adventure (New York: Peter Smith, 1941), p. 2.Google Scholar
Melton, Carol W., Between War and Peace: Woodrow Wilson and the American Expeditionary Force in Siberia, 1918–1919 (Macon, Ga.: Mercer University Press, 2001).Google Scholar
Kindall, Sylvian, American Soldiers in Siberia (New York: R. R. Smith, 1945), p. 16.Google Scholar
Ullman, Richard, Anglo-Soviet Relations, 1917–1921, vol. 2, Britain and the Russian Civil War, November 1918–February 1920 (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1968), p. 28.Google Scholar
Unterberger, Betty, America’s Siberian Expedition, 1918–1920 (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1956), p. 231;Google Scholar
Walton, Robert, Over There: European Reaction to Americans in World War I (Itasca, Ill.: F. E. Peacock Publishers, Inc., 1971), p. 163.Google Scholar
Neiberg, Michael, The Second Battle of the Marne (Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 2008), p. 88.Google Scholar
Hallas, James, Doughboy War: The American Expeditionary Force in World War I (Boulder, Colo.: Lynne Rienner, 2000), p. 102.Google Scholar
Cooke, James, The Rainbow Division in the Great War, 1917–1919 (Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 1994), p. 108.Google Scholar
Binding, Rudolf, A Fatalist at War (London: Allen & Unwin, 1928), p. 234.Google Scholar
Thomason, John W., Fix Bayonets! (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1926), p. 91.Google Scholar
Fullerton, C. B., Twenty-Sixth Infantry in France (Frankfurt: Martin Flock & Co., 1919), p. 37.Google Scholar
Liggett, Hunter, Commanding an American Army: Recollections of the World War (Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin, 1925), pp. 41–43;Google Scholar
Philpott, William, Bloody Victory: The Sacrifice on the Somme and the Making of the Twentieth Century (London: Little, Brown, 2009), pp. 522–26.Google Scholar
Cooke, James, The US Air Service in the Great War, 1917–1919 (Westwood, Conn.: Praeger, 1996), p. 135Google Scholar
Viereck, George, As They Saw Us: Foch, Ludendorff and Other Leaders Write Our War History (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, Doran and Co., 1929), p. 231.Google Scholar
Hallas, James, Squandered Victory: The American First Army at Mihiel (Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 1995), p. 158;Google Scholar
McEntee, Girard, Military History of the World War (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1937), p. 526Google Scholar
Griscom, Lloyd, Diplomatically Speaking (London: J. Murray, 1943), pp. 434–35.Google Scholar
Lowry, Bullitt, Armistice 1918 (Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 1996), p. 11;Google Scholar
Tumulty, Joseph, Woodrow Wilson as I Know Him (New York: Doubleday/Page, 1921), p. 309.Google Scholar
Hughes, Matthew, Allenby and British Strategy in the Middle East, 1917–1918 (London: Frank Cass, 1999), p. 182Google Scholar
Conner, , “Final Report of G-3,” July 2, 1919, USAWW, vol. 14, p. 39Google Scholar
Robbins, Simon, British Generalship on the Western Front (London: Frank Cass, 2005), p. 131Google Scholar
Conner, , “Final Report of G-3,” July 2, 1919, USAWW, vol. 14, p. 53Google Scholar
Faulkner, Richard S., “Disappearing Doughboys: The American Expeditionary Force’s Straggler Crisis in the Meuse-Argonne,” Army History 83 (2012): 8.Google Scholar
Mead, Gary, Doughboys: America and the First World War (Woodstock and New York: Overlook Press, 2000), p. 313Google Scholar
Barkley, John, Scarlet Fields: The Combat Memoir of a World War I Medal of Honor Hero (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2012), p. 170Google Scholar
Kennedy, Ross, The Will to Believe: Woodrow Wilson, World War I, and America’s Strategy for Peace and Security (Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 2009), p. 149.Google Scholar
McEwen, John (ed.), Riddell Diaries, 1908–1923 (London: Athlone Press, 1986), p. 241;Google Scholar
Cooper, John, Woodrow Wilson: A Biography (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2009), p. 444.Google Scholar
Weigley, Russell, “The Interwar Army,” in Hagan, Kenneth J. and Roberts, William R. (eds.), Against All Enemies: Interpretations of American Military History from Colonial Times to the Present (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1986), p. 261.Google Scholar
Drum, H. S., “First Army to Press Pursuit,” November 4, 1918, USAWW, vol. 9, p. 381.Google Scholar
Chastaine, Ben-Hur, History of the 18th US Infantry First Division, 1812–1919 (New York: Hymans Publishing Co., [1920?]), p. 109.Google Scholar
Persico, Joseph, Eleventh Month, Eleventh Day, Eleventh Hour (New York: Random House, 2004), p. 325.Google Scholar
Weintraub, Stanley, A Stillness Heard Round the World: The End of the Great War, November 1918 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1987), p. 198.Google Scholar
Ferguson, Niall, The Pity of War (New York: Basic Books, 1999), p. xxv.Google Scholar
Herman, Arthur, Freedom’s Forge: How American Business Produced Victory in World War II (New York: Random House, 2012).Google Scholar
Kennedy, Paul, Engineers of Victory: The Problem Solvers Who Turned the Tide in the Second World War (New York: Random House, 2013).Google Scholar
Seldes, George, Witness to a Century: Encounters with the Noted, the Notorious, and the Three SOBs (New York: Ballantine Books, 1987), pp. 98–101.Google Scholar
Ambrosius, Lloyd, Wilsonian Statescraft: Theory and Practice of Liberal Internationalism during World War I (Wilmington, Del.: SR Books, 1991), pp. 132–33.Google Scholar
Barnes, A. F., “Representative of a Victorious People: The Doughboy Watch on the Rhine,” Army History 77 (2010): 7.Google Scholar
Kuhlman, Erika, “American Doughboys and German Fräuleins: Sexuality, Patriarchy, and Privilege in the American-Occupied Rhineland, 1918–23,” Journal of Military History 71 (2007): 1078.Google Scholar
Ambrosius, Lloyd, Wilson and the American Diplomatic Tradition: The Treaty Fight in Perspective (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1987), p. 139.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Odom, William, After the Trenches: The Transformation of US Army Doctrine, 1918–1939 (College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 1999), p. 82.Google Scholar
Lafeber, Walter, The American Age: United States Foreign Policy at Home and Abroad since 1750 (New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1989), p. 337.Google Scholar
US War Department Document, Field Service Regulations, United States Army, 1923 (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1924), p. 11.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure no-reply@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

  • Notes
  • David Woodward, Marshall University, West Virginia
  • Book: The American Army and the First World War
  • Online publication: 05 July 2014
Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

  • Notes
  • David Woodward, Marshall University, West Virginia
  • Book: The American Army and the First World War
  • Online publication: 05 July 2014
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • Notes
  • David Woodward, Marshall University, West Virginia
  • Book: The American Army and the First World War
  • Online publication: 05 July 2014
Available formats
×