3 - Mill on induction and scientific method

Summary

INTRODUCTION

Books III and IV of A System of Logic lie at the heart of Mill's empiricist enterprise, ambitiously aiming to provide “a reduction of the inductive process to strict rules and to a scientific test, such as the syllogism is for ratiocination” [Autobiography, CW I: 215-17). Mill's lengthy examinations 'Of Induction' and 'Of the Operations Subsidiary to Induction' constituted, in his own estimate, the principal part of his theory of logic, because - by the arguments of Book II - inductive inference was the only form of 'real' inference capable of leading us to genuinely new knowledge. Since deductive processes enable us to do no more than 'interpret' inductions, identifying the particular cases which fall under general propositions, it is induction alone “in which the investigation of nature essentially consists.” Consequently, “What Induction is ... and what conditions render it legitimate, cannot but be deemed the main question of the science of logic - the question which includes all others” (A System of Logic, CW VII:283).