Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-ndw9j Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-13T07:06:05.857Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

19 - Christian Crusading, Ritual, and Liturgy

from Part IV - Featured Conflicts

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 May 2023

Margo Kitts
Affiliation:
Hawai'i Pacific University, Honolulu
Get access

Summary

Christian liturgy and ritual underpinned the practice and ideals of holy war and especially the Crusades (11th–16th centuries) in the medieval Christian imagination. As the mechanism of connecting the salvific and eschatological to the secular events of war and warfare, the liturgy – in the form of knightly blessings, votive masses for war, and penitential processions – articulated and sacralized the ideology of holy war throughout the period.

Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2023

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aspesi, Cara. 2017. “The Contribution of the Cantors of the Holy Sepulchre to Crusade History and Frankish Identity.” In Music, Liturgy, and the Shaping of History (800–1500). Edited by Fassler, Margot and Bugyis, Katie. York Medieval Press. 278296.Google Scholar
Bird, Jessalyn, Peters, Edward, and Powell, James M., eds. 2013. Crusade and Christendom: Annotated Documents in Translation from Innocent III to the Fall of Acre, 1187–1291. University of Pennsylvania Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bouquet, Martin, et al., eds. 1738–1904. Recueil des historiens des Gaules et de la France, vol. 19. Victor Palmé.Google Scholar
Bourgueil, Baldric of. 2014. The Historia Ierosolimitana of Baldric of Bourgueil. Edited by Biddlecombe, Steven. Boydell & Brewer.Google Scholar
Bourgueil, Baldric 2020. “History of the Jerusalemites”: A Translation of the “Historia Ierosolimitana.” Edited by Edgington, Susan and Biddlecombe, Steven. Crusading in Context. The Boydell Press.Google Scholar
Buc, Philippe. 2015. Holy War, Martyrdom, and Terror: Christianity, Violence, and the West. University of Pennsylvania Press.Google Scholar
Chroust, Anton. 1928. Historia de expeditione Friderici imperatoris et quidam alii rerum gestarum fontes eiusdem expeditionis. MGH SS rerum Germanicarum, NS 5. Weidmannsche Buchhandlung.Google Scholar
Constable, Giles. 2008a. “The Cross of the Crusaders.” In Crusaders and Crusading the Twelfth Century. Ashgate. 4591.Google Scholar
Constable, Giles. 2008b. Crusaders and Crusading in the Twelfth Century. Ashgate.Google Scholar
Delaruelle, Etienne. 1980. L’idée de croisade au moyen âge. Bottega d’Erasmo.Google Scholar
Dondi, Cristina. 2004. The Liturgy of the Canons Regular of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem: A Study and Catalogue of the Manuscript Sources. Bibliotheca Victorina XVI. Brepols.Google Scholar
Edbury, Peter W., ed. 1998. The Conquest of Jerusalem and the Third Crusade, Crusade Texts in Translation. Ashgate.Google Scholar
Erdmann, Carl. 1977. The Origin of the Idea of Crusade. Translated by Baldwin, Marshall W.. Edited by Goffart, Walter. Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Flori, Jean. 1978. “Chevalerie et liturgie.” Le Moyen Age 84: 266278, 409–442.Google Scholar
Flori, Jean. 1979. “Les origines de l’abouement chevaleresque: étude des remise d’armes et du vocabulaire qui les exprime.” Traditio 35: 209272.Google Scholar
Flori, Jean. 1983. L’idéologie du glaive: préhistoire de la chevalerie. Librairie Droz.Google Scholar
Flori, Jean. 1986. L’Essor de la chevalerie, XIe–XIIe siècles. Droz.Google Scholar
Franz, Adolph. 1909. Die kirchlichen Benediktionen im Mittelalter. 2 vols. Herder. Reprint, Verlag nova & vetera, 2006.Google Scholar
Gaposchkin, M. Cecilia. 2013. “From Pilgrimage to Crusade: The Liturgy of Departure, 1095–1300.” Speculum 88(1): 4491.Google Scholar
Gaposchkin, M. Cecilia. 2015. “The Feast of the Liberation of Jerusalem in British Library Additional MS 8927 Reconsidered.” Mediaeval Studies 77: 127181.Google Scholar
Gaposchkin, M. Cecilia. 2017a. Invisible Weapons: Liturgy and the Making of Crusade Ideology. Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Gaposchkin, M. Cecilia. 2017b. “The Liturgical Memory of 15 July 1099: Between History, Memory, and Eschatology.” In Remembering Crusades and Crusaders. Edited by Cassidy-Welch, Megan. Routledge. 3448.Google Scholar
Gaposchkin, M. Cecilia. 2018. “The Pre-Battle Processions of the First Crusade and the Creation of Militant Christian Communitas.” Material Religion: The Journal of Objects, Art and Belief 14: 454468.Google Scholar
Garrisson, Francis. 1965. “A propos des pèlerins et de leur condition juridique.” In Études d’histoire du droit canonique dediées à Gabriel Le Bras, vol. 2. Sirey. 11651189.Google Scholar
Heim, François. 1992. La théologie de la victoire: de Constantin à Théodose.Théologie historique 89. Beauchesne.Google Scholar
Hoveden, Roger of. 1868–1869. Chronica magistri Rogeri de Houedene. Edited by Stubbs, William. Vol. 4. Longmans, Green, Reader, and Dyer.Google Scholar
John, Simon. 2015. “The ‘Feast of the Liberation of Jerusalem’: Remembering and Reconstructing the First Crusade in the Holy City, 1099–1187.” Journal of Medieval History 41: 409431.Google Scholar
Keen, Maurice. 1984. Chivalry. Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Lapidge, Michael. 1991. Anglo-Saxon Litanies of the Saints.H enry Bradshaw Society 106. The Boydell Press.Google Scholar
Lieberman, Max. 2015. “A New Approach to the Knighting Ritual.” Speculum 90: 391423.Google Scholar
Linder, Amnon. 2003a. “A New Day, New Joy: The Liberation of Jerusalem on 15 July 1099.” In L’idea di Gerusalemme nella spiritualità cristiana del Medioevo: atti del Convegno internazionale in collaborazione con l’Instituto della Görres-Gesellschaft di Gerusalemme: Gerusalemme, Notre Dame of Jerusalem Center, 31 agosto–6 settembre 1999. Libreria Editrice Vaticana. 4664.Google Scholar
Linder, Amnon. 2003b. Raising Arms: Liturgy in the Struggle to Liberate Jerusalem in the Late Middle Ages. Cultural Encounters in Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages 2. Brepols.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Madden, Thomas F. 1999. A Concise History of the Crusades. Critical Issues in History. Rowman & Littlefield.Google Scholar
Maier, Christoph T. 1997. “Crisis, Liturgy and the Crusade in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries.” Journal of Ecclesiastical History 48(4): 628657.Google Scholar
Maier, Christoph T. 1999. “Mass, the Eucharist and the Cross: Innocent III and the Relocation of the Crusade.” In Pope Innocent III and His World. Edited by Moore, John. Ashgate. 351360.Google Scholar
Markowski, Michael. 1984. “Crucesignatus: Its Origins and Early Usage.” Journal of Medieval History 10: 157165.Google Scholar
Mayer, Hans Eberhard. 1988. The Crusades. Translated by John Gillingham, 2nd edition. Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
McCormick, Michael. 1986. Eternal Victory: Triumphal Rulership in Late Antiquity, Byzantium, and the Early Medieval West. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
McCormick, Michael. 1992. “Liturgie et guerre des Carolingiens à la première croisade.” In Militia Christi’ e crociata nei secoli XI–XII: atti della undecima settimana internazionale di stuiod Mendola. Vita e pensiero. 209240.Google Scholar
Migne, J.-P., ed. 1844. Patrologia cursus completus. 221 vols., Series latina. Paris.Google Scholar
Moeller, Eugene, and Clément, Jean-Marie, eds. 1992. Corpus Orationum. 14 vols., Corpus Christianorum Series Latina 160. Brepols.Google Scholar
Morgan, Margaret Ruth. 1982. La Continuation de Guillaume de Tyr (1184–1197). Librairie orientaliste P. Geuthner.Google Scholar
Murray, Alan V. 1998. “‘Mighty Against the Enemies of Christ’: The Relic of the True Cross in the Armies of the Kingdom of Jerusalem.” In The Crusades and Their Sources: Essays presented to Bernard Hamilton. Edited by France, John and Zajac, William G.. Ashgate. 217238.Google Scholar
Pennington, Kenneth. 1974. “The Rite for Taking the Cross in the Twelfth Century.” Traditio 30: 429435.Google Scholar
Purkis, William J. 2008. Crusading Spirituality in the Holy Land and Iberia, c. 1095–1187. The Boydell Press.Google Scholar
Reims, Robert of. 2005. Robert the Monk’s History of the First Crusade = Historia Iherosolimitana. Translated by Carol Sweetenham. Crusade Texts in Translation 11. Ashgate.Google Scholar
Reims, Robert 2013. The Historia Iherosolimitana of Robert the Monk. Edited by Kempf, Damien and Bull, Marcus. The Boydell Press.Google Scholar
Riley-Smith, Jonathan. 1986. The First Crusade and the Idea of Crusading. University of Pennsylvania Press.Google Scholar
Riley-Smith, Jonathan. 2008. The Crusades, Christianity, and Islam. Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Rivard, Derek A. 2009. Blessing the World: Ritual and Lay Piety in Medieval Religion. Catholic University of America Press.Google Scholar
Rubenstein, Jay. 2011. Armies of Heaven: The First Crusade and the Quest of the Apocalypse. Basic Books.Google Scholar
Rubenstein, Jay. 2019. Nebuchadnezzar’s Dream: The Crusades, Apocalyptic Prophecy, and the End of History. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Rufus, Fears J. 1981. “The Theology of Victory at Rome: Approaches and Problems.” Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt II 17(2): 736826.Google Scholar
Schein, Sylvia. 2005. Gateway to the Heavenly City: Crusader Jerusalem and the Catholic West (1099–1187). Ashgate.Google Scholar
Schmale, Franz Josef, ed. 1972. Frutolfs und Ekkehards Chroniken und die anonyme Kaiserchronik. Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft.Google Scholar
Siberry, Elizabeth. 1985. Criticism of Crusading: 1095–1274. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Stephenson, Paul. 2018. “The Imperial Theology of Victory.” In A Companion to the Byzantine Culture of War, ca. 300–1204. Edited by Stouraitis, Yannis. Brill’s Companions to the Byzantine World 3. Brill. 2358.Google Scholar
Tudebode, Peter. 1974. Historia de Hierosolymitano itinere. Memoirs of the American Philosophical Society v. 101. American Philosophical Society.Google Scholar
Tyerman, Christopher. 1998. The Invention of the Crusades. Macmillan Press.Google Scholar
Tyerman, Christopher. 2006. God’s War: A New History of the Crusades. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Vaux-de-Cernay, Peter of les. 1926. Petri Vallium Sarnaii monachi Hystoria albigensis, 3 vols. Edited by Guébin, Pascal and Lyon, Ernest. Champion.Google Scholar
Vaux-de-Cernay, Peter of les. 1998. The History of the Albigensian Crusade. Edited by Sibly, W. A. and Sibly, M. D.. The Boydell Press.Google Scholar
Vogel, Cyrille, and Elze, Reinhard, eds. 1963. Le Pontifical romano-germanique du dixième siècle, 2 vols. Studi e testi 226–227. Biblioteca apostolica Vaticana.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×