Assessment, Diagnosis, and Cultural Manifestations of Anxiety and Related Disorders

Section 3 - Assessment, Diagnosis, and Cultural Manifestations of Anxiety and Related Disorders

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 28 December 2018

Edited by

Bunmi O. Olatunji

Show author details

Bunmi O. Olatunji: Affiliation:
Vanderbilt University, Tennessee

Book contents

Get access

Summary

A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'

Type: Chapter
Information: The Cambridge Handbook of Anxiety and Related Disorders , pp. 307 - 418

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108140416 [Opens in a new window]

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Print publication year: 2019

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abramowitz, J. S., Brigidi, B. D., & Foa, E. B. (1999). Health concerns in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 13, 529–539. doi: 10.1016/s0887-6185(99)00022–5Google Scholar

American Psychiatric Association (APA). (1980). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd edn). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.Google Scholar

American Psychiatric Association (APA). (1987). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-III-R (3rd edn). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.Google Scholar

American Psychiatric Association (APA). (1994). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-IV (4th edn). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.Google Scholar

American Psychiatric Association (APA). (2013a). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-5 (5th edn). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.Google Scholar

American Psychiatric Association (APA). (2013b). Statement by David Kupfer, MD: Chair of DSM-5 task force discusses future of mental health research. [Press release]. Retrieved from www.sardaa.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/13–33-statement-from-dsm-chair-david-kupfer-md.pdf.Google Scholar

American Psychiatric Association (APA). (2017). Online assessment measures. Retrieved from www.psychiatry.org/psychiatrists/practice/dsm/educational-resources/assessment-measures.Google Scholar

Andrews, G. (1996). Comorbidity in neurotic disorders: The similarities are more important than the differences. In Rapee, R. M. (ed.), Current Controversies in the Anxiety Disorders (pp. 3–20). New York, NY: Guilford Press.Google Scholar

Andrews, G., Hobbs, M. J., Borkovec, T. D., Beesdo, K., Craske, M. G., Heimberg, R. G., … Stanley, M. A. (2010). Generalized worry disorder: A review of DSM-IV generalized anxiety disorder and options for DSM-V. Depression and Anxiety, 27, 134–147. doi: 10.1002/da.20658Google Scholar

Antony, M. M., Orsillo, S. M., & Roemer, L. (2001). Practitioner’s Guide to Empirically Based Measures of Anxiety. New York, NY: Springer Publishing.CrossRef Google Scholar

Asmundson, G. J. G., Taylor, S., & Smits, J. A. J. (2014). Panic disorder and agoraphobia: An overview and commentary on DSM-5 changes. Depression and Anxiety, 31, 480–486. doi: 10.1002/da.22277Google Scholar

Baldwin, D. S., Gordon, R., Abelli, M., & Pini, S. (2016). The separation of adult separation anxiety disorder. CNS Spectrums, 21, 289–294. doi: 10.1017/S1092852916000080Google Scholar

Bandelow, B. (1999). Panic and Agoraphobia Scale (PAS). Seattle, WA: Hogrefe & Huber Publishers.Google Scholar

Barlow, D. H. (2002). Anxiety and Its Disorders: The Nature and Treatment of Anxiety and Panic (2nd edn). New York, NY: Guilford Press.Google Scholar

Beck, A. T. & Steer, R. A. (1990). Manual for the Beck Anxiety Inventory. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.Google Scholar

Blöte, A. W., Kint, M. J. W., Miers, A. C., & Westenberg, P. M. (2009). The relation between public speaking anxiety and social anxiety: A review. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 23, 305–313. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2008.11.007Google Scholar

Bögels, S. M., Alden, L., Beidel, D. C., Clark, L. A., Pine, D. S., Stein, M. B., & Voncken, M. (2010). Social anxiety disorder: Questions and answers for the DSM-V.Depression and Anxiety, 27, 168–189. doi: 10.1002/da.20670Google Scholar

Boone, M. L., McNeil, D. W., Masia, C. L., Turk, C. L., Carter, L. E., Ries, B. J., & Lewin, M. R. (1999). Multimodal comparisons of social phobia subtypes and avoidant personality disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 13, 271–292. doi: 10.1016/s0887-6185(99)00004–3CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Brown, T. A. (1996). Validity of the DSM-III-R and DSM-IV classification systems for anxiety disorders. In Rapee, R. M. (ed.), Current Controversies in the Anxiety Disorders (pp. 21–45). New York, NY: Guilford Press.Google Scholar

Brown, T. A. (2007). Temporal course and structural relationships among dimensions of temperament and DSM-IV anxiety and mood disorder constructs. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 116, 313–328. doi: 10.1037/0021-843X.116.2.313CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Brown, T. A. & Barlow, D. H. (2005). Dimensional versus categorical classification of mental disorders in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and beyond: Comment on the special section. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 114, 551–556. doi: 10.1037/0021-843x.114.4.551Google Scholar

Brown, T. A. & Barlow, D. H. (2009). A proposal for a dimensional classification system based on the shared features of the DSM-IV anxiety and mood disorders: Implications for assessment and treatment. Psychological Assessment, 21,256–271. doi: 10.1037/a0016608Google Scholar

Brown, T. A. & Barlow, D. H. (2013). Anxiety and Related Disorders Interview Schedule for DSM-5, Adult and Lifetime Version: Clinician Manual. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Brown, T. A., Campbell, L. A., Lehman, C. L., Grisham, J. R., & Mancill, R. B. (2001). Current and lifetime comorbidity of the DSM-IV anxiety and mood disorders in a large clinical sample. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 110, 585–599. doi: 10.1037//0021-843x.110.4.585Google Scholar

Brown, T. A., Chorpita, B. F., & Barlow, D. H. (1998). Structural relationships among dimensions of the DSM-IV anxiety and mood disorders and dimensions of negative affect, positive affect, and autonomic arousal. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 107,179–192. doi: 10.1037//0021-843x.107.2.179Google Scholar

Brown, T. A., Di Nardo, P. A., Lehman, C. L., & Campbell, L. A. (2001a). Reliability of DSM-IV anxiety and mood disorders: Implications for the classification of emotional disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 110, 49–58. doi: 10.1037/0021-843X.110.1.49Google Scholar

Bruce, L. C., Heimberg, R. G., & Coles, M. E. (2012). Social phobia and social anxiety disorder: Effect of disorder name on recommendation for treatment. American Journal of Psychiatry, 169, 538. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2012.11121808CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Campbell-Sills, L., Liverant, G. I., & Brown, T. A. (2004). Psychometric evaluation of the Behavioral Inhibition/Behavioral Activation Scales in a large sample of outpatients with anxiety and mood disorders. Psychological Assessment, 16, 244–254. doi: 10.1037/1040–3590.16.3.244CrossRef Google Scholar

Carleton, R. N., Peluso, D. L., Collimore, K. C., & Asmundson, G. J. (2011). Social anxiety and posttraumatic stress symptoms: The impact of distressing social events. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 25, 49–57. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.08.002Google Scholar

Chambless, D. L., Caputo, G. C., Jasin, S. E., Gracely, E. J., & Williams, C. (1985). The Mobility Inventory for Agoraphobia. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 23, 35–44. doi: 10.1037/t10566-000Google Scholar

Chmielewski, M., Clark, L. A., Bagby, R. M., & Watson, D. (2015). Method matters: Understanding diagnostic reliability in DSM-IV and DSM-5. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 124, 764–769. doi: 10.1037/abn0000069CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Clark, D. M. (1986). A cognitive approach to panic. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 24, 461–470. doi: 10.1016/0005–7967(86)90011–2Google Scholar

Conway, C. C., Craske, M. G., Zinbarg, R. E., & Mineka, S. (2015). Pathological personality traits and the naturalistic course of internalizing disorders among high-risk young adults. Depression and Anxiety,33, 84–93. doi: 10.1002/da.22404CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Craske, M. G., Kircanski, K., Epstein, A., Wittchen, H.-U., Pine, D. S., Lewis-Fernández, R., … Posttraumatic and Dissociative Disorder Work Group. (2010). Panic disorder: A review of DSM-IV panic disorder and proposals for DSM-V. Depression and Anxiety, 27,93–112. doi: 10.1002/da.20654Google Scholar

Cuthbert, B. N. & Insel, T. R. (2013). Toward the future of psychiatric diagnosis: The seven pillars of RDoC. BMC Medicine,11. doi: 10.1186/1741–7015-11–126Google Scholar

Di Nardo, P. A. & Barlow, D. H. (1988). Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule – Revised (ADIS-R). Albany, NY: Graywind.Google Scholar

Di Nardo, P. A., Brown, T. A., & Barlow, D. H. (1994). Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for DSM-IV: Lifetime Version (ADIS-1 V-L). San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.Google Scholar

Di Nardo, P. A., Moras, K., Barlow, D. H., Rapee, R. M., & Brown, T. A. (1993). Reliability of DSM-III-R anxiety disorder categories: Using the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule-Revised (ADIS-R). Archives of General Psychiatry, 50(4), 251–256.Google Scholar

Di Nardo, P. A., O’Brien, G. T., Barlow, D. H., Waddell, M. T., & Blanchard, E. B. (1983). Reliability of DSM-III anxiety disorder categories using a new structured interview. Archives of General Psychiatry, 40, 1070–1074. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1983.01790090032005Google Scholar

Eaton, N. R., Krueger, R. F., Markon, K. E., Keyes, K. M., Skodol, A. E., Wall, M., … Grant, B. F. (2013). The structure and predictive validity of the internalizing disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 122, 86–92. doi: 10.1037/a0029598Google Scholar

Faravelli, C., Furukawa, T. A., & Truglia, E. (2009). Panic disorder. In Andrews, G., Charney, D. S., Sirovatka, P. J., & Regier, D. A. (eds.), Stress-Induced and Fear Circuitry Disorders (pp. 31–58). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association.Google Scholar

First, M. B. (2005). Clinical utility: A prerequisite for the adoption of a dimensional approach in DSM. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 114, 560–564. doi: 10.1037/0021-843x.114.4.560Google Scholar

First, M. B. (2013). DSM-5 Handbook of Differential Diagnosis. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. Retrieved May 12, 2017, from http://dsm.psychiatryonline.org/doi/book/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.CrossRef Google Scholar

First, M. B., Spitzer, R. L., Gibbon, M., & Williams, J. (2002). Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR Axis I Disorders, Research Version. New York, NY: Biometrics Research, New York State Psychiatric Institute.Google Scholar

First, M. B., Williams, J. B. W., Karg, R. S., & Spitzer, R. L. (2015). Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 Disorders, Clinician Version (SCID-5-CV). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association.Google Scholar

Frances, A. (2012, May 8). Newsflash from APA Meeting: DSM-5 has flunked its reliability tests. Retrieved May 12, 2017, from www.huffingtonpost.com/allen-frances/dsm5-reliability-tests_b_1490857.html.Google Scholar

Frances, A., Widiger, T., & Fyer, M. R. (1990). The influence of classification methods on comorbidity. In Maser, J. D. & Cloninger, C. R. (eds.), Comorbidity of Mood and Anxiety Disorders (pp. 41–59). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.Google Scholar

Friedman, M. J., Resick, P. A., Bryant, R. A., & Brewin, C. R. (2011). Considering PTSD for DSM-5. Depression and Anxiety, 28, 750–769. doi: 10.1002/da.20767Google Scholar

Friedman, M. J., Resick, P. A., Bryant, R. A., Strain, J., Horowitz, M., & Spiegel, D. (2011). Classification of trauma and stressor-related disorders in DSM-5. Depression and Anxiety, 28, 737–749. doi: 10.1002/da.20845Google Scholar

Geer, J. H. (1965). The development of a scale to measure fear. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 3, 45–53. doi: 10.1016/0005–7967(65)90040–9CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Griffith, J. W., Zinbarg, R. E., Craske, M. G., Mineka, S., Rose, R. D., Waters, A. M., & Sutton, J. M. (2010). Neuroticism as a common dimension in the internalizing disorders. Psychological Medicine, 40, 1125–1136. doi: 10.1017/s0033291709991449Google Scholar

Hagenaars, J. A., & McCutcheon, A. L. (eds.). (2002). Applied Latent Class Analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Hagenaars, M. A., van Minnen, A., & Hoogduin, K. A. (2009). Reliving and disorganization in posttraumatic stress disorder and panic disorder memories. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 197, 627–630. doi: 10.1097/nmd.0b013e3181b08bdfGoogle Scholar

Hamm, A. O., Richter, J., Pané-Farré, C., Westphal, D., Wittchen, H., Vossbeck-Elsebusch, A. N., … Deckert, J. (2016). Panic disorder with agoraphobia from a behavioral neuroscience perspective: Applying the research principles formulated by the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) initiative. Psychophysiology, 53, 312–322. doi: 10.1111/psyp.12553CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Hayes, S. C. (2004). Acceptance and commitment therapy, relational frame theory, and the third wave of behavioral and cognitive therapies. Behavior Therapy, 35, 639–665. doi: 10.1016/s0005-7894(04)80013–3Google Scholar

Heimberg, R. G., Hofmann, S. G., Liebowitz, M. R., Schneier, F. R., Smits, J. A. J., Stein, M. B., … Craske, M. G. (2014). Social anxiety disorder in DSM-5. Depression and Anxiety, 31, 472–479. doi: 10.1002/da.22231Google Scholar

Heimberg, R. G., Holt, C. S., Schneier, F. R., Spitzer, R. L., & Liebowitz, M. R. (1993). The issue of subtypes in the diagnosis of social phobia. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 7, 249–269. doi: 10.1016/0887–6185(93)90006–7CrossRef Google Scholar

Heimberg, R. G., Hope, D. A., Dodge, C. S., & Becker, R. E. (1990). DSM-III-R subtypes of social phobia. Comparison of generalized social phobics and public speaking phobics. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 178, 172–179.Google Scholar

Hollander, E., Braun, A., & Simeon, D. (2008). Should OCD leave the anxiety disorders in DSM-V? The case for obsessive compulsive-related disorders. Depression and Anxiety, 25, 317–329. doi: 10.1002/da.20500CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Houck, P. R., Spiegel, D. A., Shear, M. K., & Rucci, P. (2002). Reliability of the self‐report version of the Panic Disorder Severity Scale. Depression and Anxiety, 15, 183–185. doi: 10.1002/da.10049Google Scholar

Insel, T., Cuthbert, B., Garvey, M., Heinssen, R., Pine, D. S., Quinn, K., … Wang, P. (2010). Research Domain Criteria (RDoC): Toward a new classification framework for research on mental disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 167, 748–751. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.09091379Google Scholar

Insel, T. R. (2013, April 9). Transforming diagnosis [Blog post]. Retrieved from www.nimh.nih.gov/about/directors/thomas-insel/blog/2013/transforming-diagnosis.shtml.Google Scholar

Kerns, C. E., Comer, J. S., Pincus, D. B., & Hofmann, S. G. (2013). Evaluation of the proposed social anxiety disorder specifier change for DSM-5 in a treatment-seeking sample of anxious youth. Depression and Anxiety, 30, 709–715. doi: 10.1002/da.22067Google Scholar

Kessler, R. C., Chiu, W. T., Demler, O., & Walters, E. E. (2005). Prevalence, severity, and comorbidity of 12-month DSM-IV disorders in the national comorbidity survey replication. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62, 617–627.Google Scholar

Knappe, S., Klotsche, J., Heyde, F., Hiob, S., Siegert, J., Hoyer, J., … Beesdo-Baum, K. (2014). Test–retest reliability and sensitivity to change of the dimensional anxiety scales for DSM-5. CNS Spectrums, 19, 256–267. doi: 10.1017/s1092852913000710Google Scholar

Knappe, S., Klotsche, J., Strobel, A., LeBeau, R. T., Craske, M. G., Wittchen, H. U., & Beesdo-Baum, K. (2013). Dimensional Anxiety Scales for DSM-5: Sensitivity to clinical severity. European Psychiatry, 28, 448–456. doi: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2013.02.001Google Scholar

Kollman, D. M., Brown, T. A., Liverant, G. I., & Hofmann, S. G. (2006). A taxometric investigation of the latent structure of social anxiety disorder in outpatients with anxiety and mood disorders. Depression and Anxiety, 23, 190–199. doi: 10.1002/da.20158Google Scholar

Kotov, R., Gamez, W., Schmidt, F., & Watson, D. (2010). Linking “big” personality traits to anxiety, depressive, and substance use disorders: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 136, 768–821. doi: 10.1037/a0020327CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Kotov, R., Krueger, R. F., Watson, D., Achenbach, T. M., Althoff, R. R., Bagby, R. M., … Zimmerman, M. (2017). The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP): A dimensional alternative to traditional nosologies. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 126, 454–477. doi: 10.1037/abn0000258Google Scholar

Kotov, R., Perlman, G., Gámez, W., & Watson, D. (2015). The structure and short-term stability of the emotional disorders: A dimensional approach. Psychological Medicine, 45, 1687–1698. doi: 10.1017/s0033291714002815Google Scholar

Kraemer, H. C. (2007). DSM categories and dimensions in clinical and research contexts. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research,16, S8–S15. doi: 10.1002/mpr.211Google Scholar

Kraemer, H. C., Kupfer, D. J., Clarke, D. E., Narrow, W. E., & Regier, D. A. (2012). DSM-5: How reliable is reliable enough? American Journal of Psychiatry, 169, 13–15. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2011.11010050Google Scholar

Lawrence, A. E., Liverant, G. I., Rosellini, A. J., & Brown, T. A. (2009). Generalized anxiety disorder within the course of major depressive disorder: Examining the utility of the DSM-IV hierarchy rule. Depression and Anxiety, 26, 909–916. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.20607 Google Scholar

Lebeau, R. T., Mesri, B., & Craske, M. G. (2016). The DSM-5 social anxiety disorder severity scale: Evidence of validity and reliability in a clinical sample. Psychiatry Research, 244, 94–96. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.07.024Google Scholar

Lee, S., Lam, I. M., Kwok, K. P., & Leung, C. M. (2014).A community-based epidemiological study of health anxiety and generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 28, 187–194. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2013.10.002Google Scholar

Lee, S., Ma, Y. L., & Tsang, A. (2011). A community study of generalized anxiety disorder with vs. without health anxiety in Hong Kong. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 25, 376–380. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.10.012Google Scholar

Levin, A. P., Saoud, J. B., Strauman, T., Gorman, J. M., Fyer, A. J., Crawford, R., & Liebowitz, M. R. (1993). Responses of “generalized” and “discrete” social phobics during public speaking. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 7, 207–221. doi: 10.1016/0887–6185(93)90003–4Google Scholar

Liebowitz, M. R. (1987). Social phobia. In Klein, D. F. (ed.), Modern Problems in Pharmacopsychiatry (pp. 141–173). New York, NY: Karger. doi: 0.1159/000414022Google Scholar

Liebowitz, M. R., Heimberg, R. G., Fresco, D. M., Travers, J., & Stein, M. B. (2000). Social phobia or social anxiety disorder: What’s in a name? Archives of General Psychiatry, 57, 191–192.Google Scholar

Lobbestael, J., Leurgans, M., & Arntz, A. (2011). Inter‐rater reliability of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐IV Axis I disorders (SCID I) and Axis II disorders (SCID II). Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 18, 75–79. doi: 10.1002/cpp.693Google Scholar

Lovibond, P. F. & Lovibond, S. H. (1995). The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) with the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33, 335–343. doi: 10.1016/0005–7967(94)00075-uGoogle Scholar

MacCallum, R. C., Zhang, S., Preacher, K. J., & Rucker, D. D. (2002). On the practice of dichotomization of quantitative variables. Psychological Methods, 7, 19–40. doi: 10.1037//1082-989x.7.1.19CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Manicavasagar, V., Silove, D., Wagner, R., & Drobny, J. (2003). A self-report questionnaire for measuring separation anxiety in adulthood. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 44, 146–153.Google Scholar

Markon, K. E., Chmielewski, M., & Miller, C. J. (2011). The reliability and validity of discrete and continuous measures of psychopathology: A quantitative review. Psychological Bulletin, 137, 856–879. doi: 10.1037/a0023678Google Scholar

Marks, I. M. & Mathews, A. M. (1979). Brief standard self-rating for phobic patients. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 17, 263–267. doi: 10.1016/0005–7967(79)90041-xGoogle Scholar

Maser, J. D., Norman, S. B., Zisook, S., Everall, I. P., Stein, M. B., Schettler, P. J., & Judd, L. L. (2009). Psychiatric nosology is ready for a paradigm shift in DSM-V. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 16, 24–40. doi: 10.1111/j.1468–2850.2009.01140.xGoogle Scholar

Mattick, R. P. & Clarke, J. C. (1998). Development and validation of measures of social phobia scrutiny fear and social interaction anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36, 455–470.Google Scholar

McNally, R. J. & Lukach, B. M. (1992). Are panic attacks traumatic stressors?. American Journal of Psychiatry, 149, 824–826. doi: 10.1176/ajp.149.6.824Google Scholar

Meyer, T. J., Miller, M. L., Metzger, R. L., & Borkovec, T. D. (1990). Development and validation of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 28, 487–495. doi: 10.1016/0005–7967(90)90135–6Google Scholar

Möller, E. L. & Bögels, S. M. (2016). The DSM-5 Dimensional Anxiety Scales in a Dutch non-clinical sample: Psychometric properties including the adult separation anxiety disorder scale. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 25, 232–239. doi: 10.1002/mpr.1515CrossRef Google Scholar

Morey, L. C., Hopwood, C. J., Markowitz, J. C., Gunderson, J. G., Grilo, C. M., Mcglashan, T. H., … Skodol, A. E. (2012). Comparison of alternative models for personality disorders, II: 6-, 8- and 10-year follow-up. Psychological Medicine, 42, 1705–1713. doi: 10.1017/s0033291711002601Google Scholar

Muris, P. & Ollendick, T. H. (2015). Children who are anxious in silence: A review on selective mutism, the new anxiety disorder in DSM-5. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 18, 151–169. doi: 10.1007/s10567-015–0181-yGoogle Scholar

Naragon-Gainey, K., Gallagher, M. W., & Brown, T. A. (2013).Stable “trait” variance of temperament as a predictor of the temporal course of depression and social phobia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 122, 611–623.Google Scholar

Narrow, W. E., Clarke, D. E., Kuramoto, S. J., Kraemer, H. C., Kupfer, D. J., Greiner, L., & Regier, D. A. (2013). DSM-5 field trials in the United States and Canada, part III: Development and reliability testing of a crosscutting symptom assessment for DSM-5. Am J Psychiatry, 170, 71–82.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Olatunji, B. O., Broman-Fulks, J. J., Bergman, S. M., Green, B. A., & Zlomke, K. R. (2010). A taxometric investigation of the latent structure of worry: Dimensionality and associations with depression, anxiety, and stress. Behavior Therapy, 41, 212–228. doi: 10.1016/j.beth.2009.03.001Google Scholar

Otto, M. W., Pollack, M. H., Sachs, G. S., & Rosenbaum, J. F. (1992).Hypochondriacal concerns, anxiety sensitivity, and panic disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 6, 93–104. doi: 10.1016/0887–6185(92)90008-uGoogle Scholar

Page, A. C., Bennett, K. S., Carter, O., Smith, J., & Woodmore, K. (1997). The Blood-Injection Symptom Scale (BISS): Assessing a structure of phobic symptoms elicited by blood and injections. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35, 457–464. doi: 10.1016/s0005-7967(96)00120–9Google Scholar

Pai, A., Suris, A. M., & North, C. S. (2017). Posttraumatic stress disorder in the DSM-5: Controversy, change, and conceptual considerations. Behavioral Sciences, 7. doi: 10.3390/bs7010007CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Peterson, R. A. & Reiss, S. (1992). Anxiety Sensitivity Index Revised Test Manual. Worthington, OH: International Diagnostic Services.Google Scholar

Phillips, K. A., First, M. B., & Pincus, H. A. (2003). Advancing DSM: Dilemmas in Psychiatric Diagnosis. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.Google Scholar

Phillips, K. A., Stein, D. J., Rauch, S. L., Hollander, E., Fallon, B. A., Barsky, A., … Leckman, J. (2010). Should an obsessive-compulsive spectrum grouping of disorders be included in DSM-V? Depression and Anxiety, 27, 528–555. doi: 10.1002/da.20705Google Scholar

Pincus, H. A., McQueen, L. E., & Elinson, L. (2003). Subthreshold mental disorders: Nosological and research recommendations. In Phillips, K. A., First, M. B., & Pincus, H. A. (eds.), Advancing DSM: Dilemmas in Psychiatric Diagnosis (pp. 129–144). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association.Google Scholar

Rapee, R. M., Craske, M. G., & Barlow, D. H. (1994). Assessment instrument for panic disorder that includes fear of sensation‐producing activities: The Albany Panic and Phobia Questionnaire. Anxiety, 1, 114–122. doi: 10.1002/anxi.3070010303Google Scholar

Rapee, R. M., Sanderson, W. C., & Barlow, D. H. (1988). Social phobia features across the DSM-III-R anxiety disorders. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 10, 287–299. doi: 10.1007/bf00962552Google Scholar

Regier, D. A., Narrow, W. E., Clarke, D. E., Kraemer, H. C., Kuramoto, S. J., Kuhl, E. A., & Kupfer, D. J. (2013). DSM-5 field trials in the United States and Canada, part II: Test-retest reliability of selected categorical diagnoses. American Journal of Psychiatry, 170, 59–70. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2012.12070999Google Scholar

Resick, P. A. & Miller, M. W. (2009). Posttraumatic stress disorder: Anxiety or traumatic stress disorder? Journal of Traumatic Stress, 22, 384–390. doi: 10.1002/jts.20437Google Scholar

Rosellini, A. J. (2013). Initial Development and Validation of a Dimensional Classification System for the Emotional Disorders (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from https://open.bu.edu/handle/2144/14112.Google Scholar

Rosellini, A. J., & Brown, T. A. (2014). Initial interpretation and evaluation of a profile-based classification system for the anxiety and mood disorders: Incremental validity compared to DSM-IV categories. Psychological Assessment, 26, 1212–1224. doi: 10.1037/pas0000023Google Scholar

Rosellini, A. J. & Brown, T. A. (2011). The NEO Five-Factor Inventory: Latent structure and relationships with dimensions of anxiety and depressive disorders in a large clinical sample. Assessment, 18, 27–38. doi: 10.1177/1073191110382848Google Scholar

Rosellini, A. J., Lawrence, A. E., Meyer, J. F., & Brown, T. A. (2010). The effects of extraverted temperament on agoraphobia in panic disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 119, 420–426. doi: 10.1037/a0018614Google Scholar

Rutter, L. A. & Brown, T. A. (2015). Reliability and validity of the dimensional features of generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 29, 1–6. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2014.10.003Google Scholar

Sharp, W. G., Sherman, C., & Gross, A. M. (2007). Selective mutism and anxiety: A review of the current conceptualization of the disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 21, 568–579. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2006.07.002Google Scholar

Shear, K., Jin, R., Ruscio, A. M., Walters, E. E., & Kessler, R. C. (2006). Prevalence and correlates of estimated DSM-IV child and adult separation anxiety disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. American Journal of Psychiatry, 163, 1074–1083. doi: 10.1176/ajp.2006.163.6.1074Google Scholar

Sheehan, D. V. (2015). Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview 7.0. Jacksonville, FL: Medical Outcomes Systems.Google Scholar

Sheehan, D. V., Lecrubier, Y., Sheehan, K. H., Amorim, P., Janavas, J., Weiller, E., Hergueta, T., Baker, R., Dunbar, G. C. et al. (1998). The Mini-International Interview (M.I.N.I.): The development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 59(S20), 22–33.Google Scholar

Silove, D., Slade, T., Marnane, C., Wagner, R., Brooks, R., & Manicavasagar, V. (2007). Separation anxiety in adulthood: Dimensional or categorical? Comprehensive Psychiatry, 48, 546–553. doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2007.05.011Google Scholar

Slade, T. & Grisham, J. R. (2009). A taxometric investigation of agoraphobia in a clinical and a community sample. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 23, 799–805. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2009.03.004Google Scholar

Spitzer, R. L., Kroenke, K., Williams, J. B., & Löwe, B. (2006). A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: The GAD-7. Archives of Internal Medicine, 166, 1092–1097. doi: 10.1001/archinte.166.10.1092Google Scholar

Spitzer, R. L. & Williams, J. B. W. (1983). Instruction Manual for the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III (SCID). New York, NY: Biometrics Research Department, New York State Psychiatric Institute.Google Scholar

Spitzer, R. L., Williams, J. B., & Endicott, J. (2012). Standards for DSM-5 reliability. American Journal of Psychiatry, 169, 537–537. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2012.12010083CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Stein, D. J., Fineberg, N. A., Bienvenu, O. J., Denys, D., Lochner, C., Nestadt, G., … Phillips, K. A. (2010). Should OCD be classified as an anxiety disorder in DSM-V? Depression and Anxiety, 27, 495–506. doi: 10.1002/da.20699Google Scholar

Stein, M. B., Torgrud, L. J., & Walker, J. R. (2000). Social phobia symptoms, subtypes, and severity: Findings from a community survey. Archives of General Psychiatry, 57, 1046–1052. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.57.11.1046Google Scholar

Stein, M. B., Walker, J. R., & Forde, D. R. (1996). Public-speaking fears in a community sample: Prevalence, impact on functioning, and diagnostic classification. Archives of General Psychiatry, 53, 169–174. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1996.01830020087010Google Scholar

Stemberger, R. T., Turner, S. M., Beidel, D. C., & Calhoun, K. S. (1995). Social phobia: An analysis of possible developmental factors. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 104, 526–531. doi: 10.1037//0021-843x.104.3.526Google Scholar

Stouthard, M. E., Mellenbergh, G. J., & Hoogstraten, J. (1993). Assessment of dental anxiety: A facet approach. Anxiety, Stress and Coping, 6, 89–105. doi: 10.1080/10615809308248372Google Scholar

Szymanski, J., & O’Donohue, W. (1995). Fear of Spiders Questionnaire. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 26, 31–34. doi: 10.1016/0005–7916(94)00072-tGoogle Scholar

Tallis, F. (1999). Unintended thoughts and images. In Dalgleish, T. & Power, M. (eds.), Handbook of Cognition and Emotion (pp. 281–300). Chicago, IL:John Wiley & Sons. doi: 10.1002/0470013494.ch15CrossRef Google Scholar

Taylor, S. & Cox, B. J. (1998). An expanded Anxiety Sensitivity Index: Evidence for a hierarchic structure in a clinical sample. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 12, 463–483. doi: 10.1016/s0887-6185(98)00028–0Google Scholar

Tolin, D., Gilliam, C., Wootton, B., Bowe, W., Bragdon, L., Davis, E., Hannan, S., Steinman, S., Worden, B., & Hallion, L. (2016). Psychometric properties of a structured diagnostic interview for DSM-5 anxiety, mood, and obsessive-compulsive and related disorders. Assessment, 25. 10.1177/1073191116638410.Google Scholar PubMed

Trull, T. J. (2012). The Five-Factor Model of Personality Disorder and DSM-5. Journal of Personality,80, 1697–1720. doi: 10.1111/j.1467–6494.2012.00771.xGoogle Scholar

Turner, S. M., Beidel, D. C., Dancu, C. V., & Stanley, M. A. (1989). An empirically derived inventory to measure social fears and anxiety: The Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory. Psychological Assessment, 1, 35–40. doi: 10.1037//1040–3590.1.1.35Google Scholar

Uebelacker, L. A., Strong, D., Weinstock, L. M., & Miller, I. W. (2010). Likelihood of suicidality at varying levels of depression severity: A re‐analysis of NESARC data. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 40, 620–627. doi: 10.1521/suli.2010.40.6.620Google Scholar

Watson, D., O’Hara, M. W., Naragon-Gainey, K., Koffel, E., Chmielewski, M., Kotov, R., … Ruggero, C. (2012). Development and validation of new anxiety and bipolar symptom scales for an expanded version of the IDAS (the IDAS-II). Assessment, 19, 399–420. doi: 10.1177/1073191112449857Google Scholar

Watson, D., O’Hara, M. W., Simms, L. J., Kotov, R., Chmielewski, M., McDade-Montez, E. A., … Stuart, S. (2007). Development and validation of the Inventory of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms (IDAS). Psychological Assessment, 19, 253–268. doi: 10.1037/1040–3590.19.3.253Google Scholar

Weinberg, A., Kotov, R., & Proudfit, G. H. (2015). Neural indicators of error processing in generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and major depressive disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 124, 172–185. doi: 10.1037/abn0000019Google Scholar

Wilamowska, Z. A., Thompson‐Hollands, J., Fairholme, C. P., Ellard, K. K., Farchione, T. J., & Barlow, D. H. (2010). Conceptual background, development, and preliminary data from the Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders. Depression and Anxiety, 27, 882–890. doi: 10.1002/da.20735Google Scholar

Wittchen, H.-U., Gloster, A. T., Beesdo-Baum, K., Fava, G. A., & Craske, M. G. (2010). Agoraphobia: A review of the diagnostic classificatory position and criteria. Depression and Anxiety, 27, 113–133. doi: 10.1002/da.20646Google Scholar

Wolpe, J. & Lang, P. J. (1964). A fear survey schedule for use in behaviour therapy. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 2, 27–30.Google Scholar

Wolpe, J. & Lang, P. J. (1969). Manual for the Fear Survey Schedule. San Diego, CA: Educational and Industrial Testing Service.Google Scholar

Wright, A. G., Krueger, R. F., Hobbs, M. J., Markon, K. E., Eaton, N. R., & Slade, T. (2013). The structure of psychopathology: Toward an expanded quantitative empirical model. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 122, 281–294. doi: 10.1037/a0030133Google Scholar

Zimmerman, M. & Chelminski, I. (2003). Generalized anxiety disorder in patients with major depression: Is DSM-IV’s hierarchy correct? American Journal of Psychiatry, 160, 504–512. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.160.3.504 Google Scholar

Zimmerman, M., McDermut, W., & Mattia, J. I. (2000). Frequency of anxiety disorders in psychiatric outpatients with major depressive disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 157, 1337–1340. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.157.8.1337Google Scholar

Zinbarg, R. E., Mineka, S., Bobova, L., Craske, M. G., Vrshek-Schallhorn, S., Griffith, J. W., … Anand, D. (2016). Testing a hierarchical model of neuroticism and its cognitive facets. Clinical Psychological Science, 4, 805–824. doi: 10.1177/2167702615618162Google Scholar

References

Abramowitz, J. S., Deacon, B. J., Olatunji, B. O., Wheaton, M. G., Berman, N. C., Losardo, D., … Adams, T. (2010). Assessment of obsessive-compulsive symptom dimensions: Development and evaluation of the Dimensional Obsessive-Compulsive Scale. Psychological Assessment, 22(1), 180.Google Scholar

Abramowitz, J. S., Storch, E. A., McKay, D., Taylor, S., & Asmundson, G. J. G. (2009). The obsessive-compulsive spectrum: A critical review. In McKay, D.,Abramowitz, J. S., Taylor, S., & Asmundson, G. J. G. (eds.), Current Perspectives on the Anxiety Disorders: Implications for DSM-V and Beyond. (pp. 329–352). New York, NY: Springer Publishing.Google Scholar

Abramowitz, J. S., Taylor, S., & McKay, D. (2009). Obsessive-compulsive disorder. Lancet, 374(9688), 491–499.Google Scholar

Abramowitz, J. S., Whiteside, S. P., & Deacon, B. J. (2006). The effectiveness of treatment for pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder: A meta-analysis. Behavior Therapy, 36(1), 55–63.Google Scholar

Allen, A., Hadley, S. J., Kaplan, A., Simeon, D., Friedberg, J., Priday, L., … Hollander, E. (2008). An open-label trial of venlafaxine in body dysmorphic disorder. CNS Spectrums, 13(2), 138–144.Google Scholar

American Psychiatric Association (APA). (2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders DSM-IV-TR Fourth Edition (text revision). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.Google Scholar

American Psychiatric Association (APA). (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.Google Scholar

Bartz, J. A. & Hollander, E. (2006). Is obsessive-compulsive disorder an anxiety disorder? Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry, 30(3), 338–352. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2005.11.003CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Bienvenu, O. J., Samuels, J. F., Riddle, M. A., Hoehn-Saric, R., Liang, K.-Y., Cullen, B. A., … Nestadt, G. (2000). The relationship of obsessive-compulsive disorder to possible spectrum disorders: Results from a family study. Biological Psychiatry, 48(4), 287–293.Google Scholar

Bloch, M. H., Landeros-Weisenberger, A., Dombrowski, P., Kelmendi, B., Wegner, R., Nudel, J., … Coric, V. (2007). Systematic review: Pharmacological and behavioral treatment for trichotillomania. Biological Psychiatry, 62(8), 839–846. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.05.019Google Scholar

Bloch, M. H., Landeros-Weisenberger, A., Rosario, M. C., Pittenger, C., & Leckman, J. F. (2008). Meta-analysis of the symptom structure of obsessive-compulsive disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 165(12), 1532–1542.Google Scholar

Brohede, S., Wingren, G., Wijma, B., & Wijma, K. (2013). Validation of the Body Dysmorphic Disorder Questionnaire in a community sample of Swedish women. Psychiatry Research, 210(2), 647–652. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2013.07.019Google Scholar

Burns, G. (1995). Padua Inventory-Washington State University Revision. Pullman, WA: Author.Google Scholar

Cicek, E., Cicek, I. E., Kayhan, F., Uguz, F., & Kaya, N. (2013). Quality of life, family burden and associated factors in relatives with obsessive-compulsive disorder. General Hospital Psychiatry, 35(3), 253–258.Google Scholar

Clark, D. A., Antony, M. M., Beck, A. T., Swinson, R. P., & Steer, R. A. (2005). Screening for obsessive and compulsive symptoms: validation of the Clark-Beck Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory. Psychological Assessment, 17(2), 132.Google Scholar

Clark, D. A. & O’Connor, K. (2005). Thinking is believing: Ego-dystonic intrusive thoughts in obsessive-compulsive disorder. In Clark, D. A. (ed.), Intrusive Thoughts in Clinical Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment. (pp. 145–174). New York, NY: Guilford Press.Google Scholar

Duke, D. C., Keeley, M. L., Geffken, G. R., & Storch, E. A. (2010). Trichotillomania: A current review. Clinical Psychology Review, 30(2), 181–193. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2009.10.008Google Scholar

Fineberg, N. A., Menchon, J. M., Zohar, J., & Veltman, D. J. (2016). Compulsivity: A new trans-diagnostic research domain for the Roadmap for Mental Health Research in Europe (ROAMER) and Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) initiatives. European Neuropsychopharmacology, 26(5), 797–799. doi: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2016.04.001Google Scholar

Flessner, C. A., Woods, D. W., Franklin, M. E., Cashin, S. E., & Keuthen, N. J. (2008). The Milwaukee Inventory for Subtypes of Trichotillomania-Adult Version (MIST-A): Development of an instrument for the assessment of “focused” and “automatic” hair pulling. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 30(1), 20–30. doi: 10.1007/s10862-007–9073-xGoogle Scholar

Foa, E. B., Huppert, J. D., Leiberg, S., Langner, R., Kichic, R., Hajcak, G., & Salkovskis, P. M. (2002). The Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory: Development and validation of a short version. Psychological Assessment, 14(4), 485.Google Scholar

Foa, E. B. & Kozak, M. J. (1995). DSM-IV field trial: Obsessive-compulsive disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 152(1), 90–96.Google Scholar

Frías, Á., Palma, C., Farriols, N., & González, L. (2015). Comorbidity between obsessive-compulsive disorder and body dysmorphic disorder: Prevalence, explanatory theories, and clinical characterization. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 11.Google Scholar

Frost, R. O. & Hristova, V. (2011). Assessment of hoarding. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 67(5), 456–466. doi: 10.1002/jclp.20790Google Scholar

Frost, R. O., Steketee, G., & Grisham, J. (2004). Measurement of compulsive hoarding: Saving inventory-revised. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 42(10), 1163–1182. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2003.07.006Google Scholar

Frost, R. O., Tolin, D. F., & Maltby, N. (2010). Insight-related challenges in the treatment of hoarding. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 17(4), 404–413. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpra.2009.07.004Google Scholar

Gillan, C. M., Fineberg, N. A., & Robbins, T. W. (2017). A trans-diagnostic perspective on obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychological Medicine. doi: 10.1017/S0033291716002786Google Scholar

Gönner, S., Ecker, W., & Leonhart, R. (2010). The Padua Inventory: Do revisions need revision? Assessment, 17(1), 89–106.Google Scholar

Gönner, S., Ecker, W., Leonhart, R., & Limbacher, K. (2010). Multidimensional assessment of OCD: Integration and revision of the Vancouver obsessional‐compulsive inventory and the symmetry ordering and arranging questionnaire. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 66(7), 739–757.Google Scholar

Goodman, W. K., Price, L. H., Rasmussen, S. A., Mazure, C., Fleischmann, R. L., Hill, C. L., … Charney, D. S. (1989). The Yale-Brown obsessive compulsive scale: I. Development, use, and reliability. Archives of General Psychiatry, 46(11), 1006–1011.Google Scholar

Grant, J. E. & Odlaug, B. L. (2015). Excoriation (skin picking) disorder. In Phillips, K. A. & Stein, D. J. (eds.), Handbook on Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders. (pp. 161–180). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc.Google Scholar

Grant, J. E., Odlaug, B. L., Chamberlain, S. R., & Kim, S. W. (2010). A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of lamotrigine for pathological skin picking: Treatment efficacy and neurocognitive predictors of response. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 30(4), 396–403. doi: 10.1097/JCP.0b013e3181e617a1Google Scholar

Grant, J. E., Odlaugh, B. L., & Kim, S. W. (2007). Lamotrigine treatment of pathological skin-picking: An open-label study. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 62, 349–356.Google Scholar

Greenberg, J. L., Mothi, S. S., & Wilhelm, S. (2016). Cognitive-behavioral therapy for adolescent body dysmorphic disorder: A pilot study. Behavior Therapy, 47(2), 213–224. doi: 10.1016/j.beth.2015.10.009Google Scholar

Hankin, C. S., Koran, L., Sheehan, D., Hollander, E., Culpepper, L., Black, D. W., … Wang, Z. (2011). Patients with obsession-compulsive disorder vs depression on comparable health care costs: A retrospective claims analysis of Florida Medicaid enrollees. Annals of Clinical Psychiatry, 23(4), 285–596.Google Scholar

Hollander, E., Braun, A., & Simeon, D. (2008). Should OCD leave the anxiety disorders in DSM-V? The case for obsessive compulsive-related disorders. Depression and Anxiety, 25(4), 317–329. doi: 10.1002/da.20500Google Scholar

Hollander, E., Doernberg, E., Shavitt, R., Waterman, R. J., Soreni, N., Veltman, D. J., … Fineberg, N. A. (2016). The cost and impact of compulsivity: A research perspective. European Neuropsychopharmacology, 26(5), 800–809.Google Scholar

Hollander, E. & Zohar, J. (2004). Introduction – Beyond refractory obsessions and anxiety states: Toward remission. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 65, 3–5.Google Scholar

Hyman, S. E. (2007). Can neuroscience be integrated into the DSM-V? Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 8(9), 725–732. doi: 10.1038/nrn2218Google Scholar

Jorgensen, L., Castle, D., Roberts, C., & Groth-Marnat, G. (2001). A clinical validation of the Dysmorphic Concern Questionnaire. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 35(1), 124–128. doi: 10.1046/j.1440–1614.2001.00860.xGoogle Scholar

Kendler, K. S. (2017). Introduction to “Obsessive-compulsive and related disorders in DSM-5, ICD-11, and RDoC: Conceptual questions and practical solutions.” In Kendler, K. S. & Parnas, J. (eds.), Philosophical Issues in Psychiatry IV: Classification of Psychiatric Illness (pp. 53–54). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Keuthen, N. J., Deckersbach, T., Wilhelm, S., Engelhard, I., Forker, A., O’Sullivan, R. L., … Baer, L. (2001). The Skin Picking Impact Scale (SPIS): Scale development and psychometric analyses. Psychosomatics: Journal of Consultation and Liaison Psychiatry, 42(5), 397–403. doi: 10.1176/appi.psy.42.5.397Google Scholar

Keuthen, N. J., Jameson, M., Loh, R., Deckersbach, T., Wilhelm, S., & Dougherty, D. D. (2007). Open-label escitalopram treatment for pathological skin picking. International Clinical Psychopharmacology, 22(5), 268–274. doi: 10.1097/YIC.0b013e32809913b6Google Scholar

Keuthen, N. J., O’Sullivan, R. L., Ricciardi, J. N., Shera, D., Savage, C. R., Borgmann, A. S., … Baer, L. (1995). The Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Hairpulling Scale: I. Development and factor analyses. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 64(3–4), 141–145. doi: 10.1159/000289003Google Scholar

Keuthen, N. J., Siev, J., & Reese, H. (2012). Assessment of trichotillomania, pathological skin picking, and stereotypic movement disorder. In Grant, J. E., Stein, D. J., Woods, D. W., & Keuthen, N. J. (eds.), Trichotillomania, Skin Picking, and Other Body-Focused Repetitive Behaviors (pp. 129–150). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc.Google Scholar

Keuthen, N. J., Tung, E. S., Woods, D. W., Franklin, M. E., Altenburger, E. M., Pauls, D. L., & Flessner, C. A. (2015). Replication study of the Milwaukee Inventory for Subtypes of Trichotillomania–Adult Version in a clinically characterized sample. Behavior Modification, 39(4), 580–599. doi: 10.1177/0145445515580533Google Scholar

Keuthen, N. J., Wilhelm, S., Deckersbach, T., Engelhard, I. M., Forker, A. E., Baer, L., & Jenike, M. A. (2001). The Skin Picking Scale: Scale construction and psychometric analyses. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 50(6), 337–341. doi: 10.1016/S0022-3999(01)00215-XGoogle Scholar

Koen, N. & Stein, D. J. (2011). Pharmacotherapy of anxiety disorders: A critical review. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 13(4), 423–437.Google Scholar

LaSalle, V. H., Cromer, K. R., Nelson, K. N., Kazuba, D., Justement, L., & Murphy, D. L. (2004). Diagnostic interview assessed neuropsychiatric disorder comorbidity in 334 individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Depression and Anxiety, 19(3), 163–173. doi: 10.1002/da.20009Google Scholar

Mancuso, S. G., Knoesen, N. P., & Castle, D. J. (2010). The Dysmorphic Concern Questionnaire: A screening measure for body dysmorphic disorder. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 44(6), 535–542.Google Scholar

McGuire, J. F., Piacentini, J., Lewin, A. B., Brennan, E. A., Murphy, T. K., & Storch, E. A. (2015). A meta‐analysis of cognitive behavior therapy and medication for child obsessive–compulsive disorder: Moderators of treatment efficacy, response, and remission. Depression and Anxiety, 32(8), 580–593. doi: 10.1002/da.22389Google Scholar

McGuire, J. F., Ung, D., Selles, R. R., Rahman, O., Lewin, A. B., Murphy, T. K., & Storch, E. A. (2014). Treating trichotillomania: A meta-analysis of treatment effects and moderators for behavior therapy and serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 58, 76–83.Google Scholar

McMillan, S. G., Rees, C. S., & Pestell, C. (2013). An investigation of executive functioning, attention and working memory in compulsive hoarding. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 41(5), 610–625. doi: 10.1017/S1352465812000835Google Scholar

Morris, S. E. & Cuthbert, B. N. (2012). Research Domain Criteria: Cognitive systems, neural circuits, and dimensions of behavior. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 14(1), 29–37.Google Scholar

Muroff, J., Steketee, G., Rasmussen, J., Gibson, A., Bratiotis, C., & Sorrentino, C. (2009). Group cognitive and behavioral treatment for compulsive hoarding: A preliminary trial. Depression and Anxiety, 26(7), 634–640. doi: 10.1002/da.20591Google Scholar

Nestadt, G., Samuels, J., Riddle, M. A., Liang, K. Y., Bienvenu, O. J., Hoehn-Saric, R., … Cullen, B. (2001). The relationship between obsessive-compulsive disorder and anxiety and affective disorders: Results from the Johns Hopkins OCD Family Study. Psychological Medicine, 31(3), 481–487. doi: 10.1017/S0033291701003579Google Scholar

Oosthuizen, P., Lambert, T., & Castle, D. J. (1998). Dysmorphic concern: Prevalence and associations with clinical variables. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 32(1), 129–132. doi: 10.3109/00048679809062719Google Scholar

Öst, L.-G., Havnen, A., Hansen, B., & Kvale, G. (2015). Cognitive behavioral treatments of obsessive-compulsive disorder. A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies published 1993–2014. Clinical Psychology Review, 40, 156–169. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2015.06.003Google Scholar

Overduin, M. K. & Furnham, A. (2012). Assessing obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD): A review of self-report measures. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 1(4), 312–324.CrossRef Google Scholar

Phillips, K. A., Hart, A. S., & Menard, W. (2014). Psychometric evaluation of the Yale–Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale Modified for Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD-YBOCS). Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 3(3), 205–208. doi: 10.1016/j.jocrd.2014.04.004Google Scholar

Phillips, K. A., Hollander, E., Rasmussen, S. A., & Aronowitz, B. R. (1997). A severity rating scale for body dysmorphic disorder: Development, reliability, and validity of a modified version of the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale. Psychopharmacology Bulletin, 33(1), 17–22.Google Scholar

Phillips, K. A., & Rasmussen, S. A. (2004). Change in psychosocial functioning and quality of life of patients with body dysmorphic disorder treated with fluoxetine: A placebo-controlled study. Psychosomatics: Journal of Consultation and Liaison Psychiatry, 45(5), 438–444. doi: 10.1176/appi.psy.45.5.438Google Scholar

Rabiee, M., Khorramdel, K., Kalantari, M., & Molavi, H. (2010). Factor structure, validity and reliability of the Modified Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale for body dysmorphic disorder in students. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, 15(4), 343–350.Google Scholar

Rosen, J. C. & Reiter, J. (1996). Development of the Body Dysmorphic Disorder Examination. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 34(9), 755–766. doi: 10.1016/0005–7967(96)00024–1Google Scholar

Rothbaum, B. O. & Ninan, P. T. (1994). The assessment of trichotillomania. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 32(6), 651–662. doi: 10.1016/0005–7967(94)90022–1Google Scholar

Ruscio, A., Stein, D., Chiu, W., & Kessler, R. (2010). The epidemiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Molecular Psychiatry, 15(1), 53–63.Google Scholar

Saxena, S., Ayers, C. R., Dozier, M. E., & Maidment, K. M. (2015). The UCLA Hoarding Severity Scale: Development and validation. Journal of Affective Disorders, 175, 488–493. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.01.030Google Scholar

Saxena, S., Brody, A. L., Maidment, K. M., & Baxter, L. R., Jr. (2007). Paroxetine treatment of compulsive hoarding. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 41(6), 481–487. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2006.05.001Google Scholar

Schneider, A. F., Storch, E. A., Geffken, G. R., Lack, C. W., & Shytle, R. D. (2008). Psychometric properties of the Hoarding Assessment Scale in college students. Illness, Crisis, & Loss, 16(3), 227–236. doi: 10.2190/IL.16.3.cGoogle Scholar

Shafran, R. (2005). Cognitive-behavioral models of OCD. In Abramowitz, J. S. & Houts, A. C. (eds.), Concepts and Controversies in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (pp. 229–252). New York, NY: Springer Science + Business Media.Google Scholar

Siev, J., Reese, H. E., Timpano, K., & Wilhelm, S. (2012). Assessment and treatment of pathological skin picking. In Grant, J. E. & Potenza, M. N. (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Impulse Control Disorders (pp. 360–374). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Simeon, D., Stein, D. J., Gross, S., Islam, N., & Hollander, E. (1997). A double-blind trial of fluoxetine in pathologic skin picking. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 58(8), 341–347.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Skapinakis, P., Caldwell, D. M., Hollingworth, W., Bryden, P., Fineberg, N. A., Salkovskis, P., … Lewis, G. (2016). Pharmacological and psychotherapeutic interventions for management of obsessive-compulsive disorder in adults: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Lancet Psychiatry, 3(8), 730–739. doi: 10.1016/s2215-0366(16)30069–4Google Scholar

Snorrason, I., Houghton, D. C., & Woods, D. W. (2015). Trichotillomania (hair-pulling disorder). In Phillips, K. A. & Stein, D. J. (eds.), Handbook on Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders (pp. 135–160). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc.Google Scholar

Snorrason, I., Ólafsson, R. P., Flessner, C. A., Keuthen, N. J., Franklin, M. E., & Woods, D. W. (2012). The Skin Picking Scale-Revised: Factor structure and psychometric properties. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 1(2), 133–137. doi: 10.1016/j.jocrd.2012.03.001CrossRef Google Scholar

Stanley, M. A., Prather, R. C., Wagner, A. L., Davis, M. L., & Swann, A. C. (1993). Can the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale be used to assess trichotillomania? A preliminary report. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 31(2), 171–177.Google Scholar

Starcevic, V. & Janca, A. (2011). Obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders: Still in search of the concept-affirming boundaries. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 24(1), 55–60. doi: 10.1097/YCO.0b013e32833f3b58Google Scholar

Stein, D. J. & Lochner, C. (2006). Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders: A multidimensional approach. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 29(2), 343–351. doi: 10.1016/j.psc.2006.02.015Google Scholar

Steketee, G., Frost, R. O., Tolin, D. F., Rasmussen, J., & Brown, T. A. (2010). Waitlist‐controlled trial of cognitive behavior therapy for hoarding disorder. Depression and Anxiety, 27(5), 476–484.Google Scholar

Storch, E. A., Abramowitz, J., & Goodman, W. K. (2008). Where does obsessive-compulsive disorder belong in DSM-V? Depression and Anxiety, 25(4), 336–347. doi: 10.1002/da.20488CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Storch, E. A., Bagner, D., Merlo, L. J., Shapira, N. A., Geffken, G. R., Murphy, T. K., & Goodman, W. K. (2007). Florida obsessive‐compulsive inventory: Development, reliability, and validity. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 63(9), 851–859.Google Scholar

Storch, E. A., Larson, M. J., Price, L. H., Rasmussen, S. A., Murphy, T. K., & Goodman, W. K. (2010). Psychometric analysis of the Yale–Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale Second Edition Symptom Checklist. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 24(6), 650–656. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.04.010Google Scholar

Storch, E. A., Lewin, A. B., Farrell, L., Aldea, M. A., Reid, J., Geffken, G. R., & Murphy, T. K. (2010). Does cognitive-behavioral therapy response among adults with obsessive-compulsive disorder differ as a function of certain comorbidities? Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 24(6), 547–552. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.03.013Google Scholar

Storch, E. A., Rasmussen, S. A., Price, L. H., Larson, M. J., Murphy, T. K., & Goodman, W. K. (2010). Development and psychometric evaluation of the Yale–Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale – Second Edition. Psychological Assessment, 22(2), 223.Google Scholar

Subramaniam, M., Soh, P., Vaingankar, J. A., Picco, L., & Chong, S. A. (2013). Quality of life in obsessive-compulsive disorder: Impact of the disorder and of treatment. CNS Drugs, 27(5), 367–383.Google Scholar

Swedo, S. E., Leonard, H. L., Rapoport, J. L., Lenane, M. C., Goldberger, E. L., & Cheslow, D. L. (1989). A double-blind comparison of clomipramine and desipramine in the treatment of trichotillomania (hair pulling). New England Journal of Medicine, 321(8), 497–501.Google Scholar

Thordarson, D. S., Radomsky, A. S., Rachman, S., Shafran, R., Sawchuk, C. N., & Hakstian, A. R. (2004). The Vancouver Obsessional Compulsive Inventory (VOCI). Behaviour Research and Therapy, 42(11), 1289–1314. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2003.08.007CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Tolin, D. F., Frost, R. O., & Steketee, G. (2010). A brief interview for assessing compulsive hoarding: The Hoarding Rating Scale-Interview. Psychiatry Research, 178(1), 147–152. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2009.05.001CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Tolin, D. F. & Villavicencio, A. (2011). Inattention, but not OCD, predicts the core features of Hoarding Disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49(2), 120–125. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2010.12.002Google Scholar

Torres, A. R., Fontenelle, L. F., Ferrão, Y. A., do Rosário, M. C., Torresan, R. C., Miguel, E. C., & Shavitt, R. G. (2012). Clinical features of obsessive-compulsive disorder with hoarding symptoms: A multicenter study. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 46(6), 724–732. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2012.03.005Google Scholar

Van Oppen, P., Hoekstra, R. J., & Emmelkamp, P. M. (1995). The structure of obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33(1), 15–23.Google Scholar

van Rood, Y. R. & Bouman, T. K. (2007). De Nederlandstalige versie van de “Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale for Body Dysmorphic Disorder” (BDD-YBOCS NL). = The Dutch version of the “Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale for Body Dysmorphic Disorder” (BDD-YBOCS ML). Gedragstherapie, 40(3), 217–227.Google Scholar

Vikas, A., Avasthi, A., & Sharan, P. (2011). Psychosocial impact of obsessive-compulsive disorder on patients and their caregivers: A comparative study with depressive disorder. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 57(1), 45–56. doi: 10.1177/0020764010347333Google Scholar

Walther, M. R., Flessner, C. A., Conelea, C. A., & Woods, D. W. (2009). The Milwaukee Inventory for the Dimensions of Adult Skin Picking (MIDAS): Initial development and psychometric properties. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 40(1), 127–135. doi: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2008.07.002Google Scholar

Watson, D. & Wu, K. D. (2005). Development and validation of the Schedule of Compulsions, Obsessions, and Pathological Impulses (SCOPI). Assessment, 12(1), 50–65.Google Scholar

Wilhelm, S., Greenberg, J. L., Rosenfield, E., Kasarskis, I., & Blashill, A. J. (2016). The Body Dysmorphic Disorder Symptom Scale: Development and preliminary validation of a self-report scale of symptom specific dysfunction. Body Image, 17, 82–87. doi: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2016.02.006Google Scholar

Winchel, R. M., Jones, J. S., Molcho, A., Parsons, B., Stanley, B., & Stanley, M. (1992). The Psychiatric Institute Trichotillomania Scale (PITS). Psychopharmacology Bulletin, 28(4), 463–476.Google Scholar

Zitterl, W., Demal, U., Aigner, M., Lenz, G., Urban, C., Zapotoczky, H.-G., & Zitterl-Eglseer, K. (2000). Naturalistic course of obsessive compulsive disorder and comorbid depression: Longitudinal results of a prospective follow-up study of 74 actively treated patients. Psychopathology, 33(2), 75–80. doi: 10.1159/000029124Google Scholar

References

Ainsworth, M., Blehar, M., Waters, E., & Wall, S. (1978). Patterns of Attachment: A Psychological Study of the Strange Situation. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.Google Scholar

American Psychiatric Association (1980). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd edn). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.Google Scholar

American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th edn, text rev.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.Google Scholar

American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th edn). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.Google Scholar

Angold, A. & Costello, E. J. (2000). The Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment (CAPA). Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 39, 39–48.Google Scholar

Asmundson, G. G., Stapleton, J. A., & Taylor, S. (2004). Are avoidance and numbing distinct PTSD symptom clusters? Journal of Traumatic Stress, 17, 467–475.Google Scholar

Beck, J. G., Coffey, S. F., Palyo, S. A., Gudmundsdottir, B., Miller, L. M., & Colder, C. R. (2004). Psychometric properties of the Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory (PTCI): A replication with motor vehicle accident survivors. Psychological Assessment, 16, 289–298.Google Scholar

Blevins, C. A., Weathers, F. W., Davis, M. T., Witte, T. K., & Domino, J. L. (2015). The Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5): Development and initial psychometric evaluation. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 28, 489–498.Google Scholar

Bovin, M. J., Marx, B. P., Weathers, F. W., Gallagher, M. W., Rodriguez, P., Schnurr, P. P., & Keane, T. M. (2015). Psychometric properties of the PTSD Checklist for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fifth Edition (PCL-5) in Veterans. Psychological Assessment, 28, 1379–1391.Google Scholar

Briere, J. (2001). Detailed Assessment of Posttraumatic Stress. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.Google Scholar

Britner, P. A., Marvin, R. S., & Pianta, R. C. (2005). Development and preliminary validation of the caregiver behavior system: Association with child attachment classification in the preschool Strange Situation. Attachment and Human Development, 7, 83–102.Google Scholar

Brown, T. A. & Barlow, D. H. (2014). Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for DSM-5 (ADIS-5). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Bryant, R. A., Harvey, A. G., Dang, S., & Sackville, T. (1998). Assessing acute stress disorder: Psychometric properties of a structured clinical interview. Psychological Assessment, 10, 215–220.Google Scholar

Bryant, R. A., Moulds, M., & Guthrie, R. (2000). Acute Stress Disorder Scale: A self-report measure of acute stress disorder. Psychological Assessment, 12, 61–68.Google Scholar

Cardeña, E., Koopman, C., Classen, C., Waelde, L. C., & Spiegel, D. (2000). Psychometric properties of the Stanford Acute Stress Reaction Questionnaire (SASRQ): A valid and reliable measure of acute stress. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 13, 719–734.Google Scholar

Casey, P. (2014). Adjustment disorder: New developments. Current Psychiatry Reports, 16, 451.Google Scholar

Cornelius, L. R., Brouwer, S., De Boer, M. R., Groothoff, J. W., & van der Klink, J. J. L. (2014). Development and validation of the Diagnostic Interview Adjustment (DIAD). International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 23, 192–207.Google Scholar

Davidson, J. R. T. & Foa, E. B. (1991). Diagnostic issues in posttraumatic stress disorder: Considerations for the DSM-IV. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100, 346–355.Google Scholar

Davidson, C., O’Hare, A., Mactaggart, F., Green, J., Young, D., Gillberg, C., & Minnis, H. (2015). Social relationship difficulties in autism and reactive attachment disorder: Improving diagnostic validity through structured assessment. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 40, 63–72.Google Scholar

Di Nardo, P. A., Brown, T. A., Lawton, J. K., & Barlow, D. H. (1995, November). The Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule-for DSM-IV Lifetime Version: Description and initial evidence for diagnostic reliability. Paper presented at the meeting of the annual meeting of the Association for Advancement of Behavior Therapy, Washington, DC.Google Scholar

Di Nardo, P. A., Moras, K., Barlow, D. H., Rapee, R. M., & Brown, T. A. (1993). Reliability of DSM-III-R anxiety disorder categories using the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule-Revised (ADIS-R). Archives of General Psychiatry, 50, 251–256.Google Scholar

Einsle, F., Köllner, V., Dannemann, S. & Maercker, A. (2010). Development and validation of a self-report for the assessment of adjustment disorders. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 15, 584–595.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Elhai, J. D. & Palmieri, P. A. (2011). The factor structure of posttraumatic stress disorder: A literature update, critique of methodology, and agenda for future research. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 25, 849–854.Google Scholar

Elhai, J. D., Gray, M. J., Kashdan, T. B., & Franklin, C. L. (2005). Which instruments are most commonly used to assess traumatic event exposure and posttraumatic effects? A survey of traumatic stress professionals. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 18, 541–545.Google Scholar

First, M. B., Williams, J. B. W., Karg, R. S., & Spitzer, R. L. (2015) Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 Disorders, Clinician Version (SCID-5-CV). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association.Google Scholar

Foa, E. B., Cashman, L., Jaycox, L., & Perry, K. (1997). The validation of a self-report measure of posttraumatic stress disorder: The Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale. Psychological Assessment, 9, 445–451.Google Scholar

Foa, E. B., Ehlers, A., Clark, D. M., Tolin, D. F., & Orsillo, S. M. (1999). The posttraumatic cognitions inventory (PTCI): Development and validation. Psychological Assessment, 11, 303–314.Google Scholar

Foa, E. B., McLean, C. P., Zang, Y., Zhong, J., Powers, M. B., Kauffman, B. Y., … Knowles, K. (2016). Psychometric properties of the posttraumatic diagnostic scale for DSM-5 (PDS-5). Psychological Assessment, 28, 1166–1171.Google Scholar

Foa, E. B., McLean, C. P., Zang, Y., Zhong, J., Rauch, S., Porter, K., … Kauffman, B. Y. (2016). Psychometric properties of the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Scale Interview for DSM–5 (PSSI–5). Psychological Assessment, 28, 1159–1165.Google Scholar

Friedman, M. J. (2013a). Finalizing PTSD in DSM-5: Getting here from there and where to go next. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 26, 548–556.Google Scholar

Friedman, M. J. (2013b). PTSD in the DSM-5: Reply to Brewin (2013), Kilpatrick (2013), and Maercker and Perkonigg (2013). Journal of Traumatic Stress, 26, 567–569.Google Scholar

Friedman, M. J., Resick, P. A., Bryant, R. A., & Brewin, C. R. (2011). Considering PTSD for DSM-5. Depression and Anxiety, 28, 750–769.Google Scholar

Friedman, M. J., Resick, P. A., Bryant, R. A., Strain, J., Horowitz, M., & Spiegel, D. (2011). Classification of trauma and stressor-related disorders in DSM-5. Depression and Anxiety,28, 737–749.Google Scholar

Goodman, L., Corcoran, C., Turner, K., Yuan, N., & Green, B. (1998). Assessing traumatic event exposure: General issues and preliminary findings for the Stressful Life Events Screening Questionnaire. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 11, 521–542.Google Scholar

Gray, M., Litz, B., Hsu, J., & Lombardo, T. (2004). Psychometric properties of the Life Events Checklist. Assessment, 11, 330–341.Google Scholar

Insel, T. R. & Cuthbert, B. (2009). Endophenotypes: Bridging genomic complexity and disorder heterogeneity. Biological Psychiatry, 66, 988–989.Google Scholar

Keane, T. M., Caddell, J. M., & Taylor, K. L. (1988) Mississippi Scale for Combat-Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Three studies in reliability and validity. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56, 85–90.Google Scholar

Keane, T. M., Kolb, L. C., Kaloupek, D. G., Orr, S. P., Blanchard, E. B., Thomas, R. G., … Lavori, P. W. (1998). Utility of psychophysiology measurement in the diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder: Results from a department of Veteran’s Affairs cooperative study. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 66, 914–923.Google Scholar

Kilpatrick, D. G., Resnick, H., Milanak, M. E., Miller, M. W., Keyes, K. M., & Friedman, M. J. (2013). National estimates of exposure to traumatic events and PTSD prevalence using DSM-IV and DSM-5 criteria. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 26, 537–547.Google Scholar

Kubany, E. S., Haynes, S. N., Abueg, F. R., Manke, F. P., Brennan, J. M., & Stahura, C. (1996). Development and validation of the Trauma-Related Guilt Inventory (TRGI). Psychological Assessment, 8, 428–444.Google Scholar

Kubany, E. S., Leisen, M. B., Kaplan, A. S., Watson, S. B., Haynes, S. N., Owens, J. A., & Burns, K. (2000). Development and preliminary validation of a brief broad-spectrum measure of trauma exposure: The Traumatic Life Events Questionnaire. Psychological Assessment, 12, 210–224.Google Scholar

Lang, P. J. & McTeague, L. M. (2011). Discrete and recurrent traumatization in PTSD: Fear vs. anxious misery. Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings, 18, 207–209.Google Scholar

Lanius, R. A., Brand, B. B., Vermetten, E., Frewen, P. A., & Spiegel, D. (2012). The dissociative subtype of posttraumatic stress disorder: Rationale, clinical and neurobiological evidence, and implications. Depression and Anxiety, 29, 701–708.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Lauterbach, D., Vrana, S. R., King, D. W., & King, L. A. (1997). Psychometric properties of the civilian version of the Mississippi PTSD Scale. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 10, 499–513.Google Scholar

Leon, A. C., Olfson, M., Portera, L., Farber, L., & Sheehan, D. V. (1997). Assessing psychiatric impairment in primary care with the Sheehan Disability Scale. International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine, 27, 93–105.Google Scholar

Liu, P., Wang, L., Cao, C., Wang, R., Zhang, J., Zhang, B., … Elhai, J. D. (2014). The underlying dimensions of DSM-5 posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in an epidemiological sample of Chinese earthquake survivors. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 28, 345–351.Google Scholar

Maercker, A., Einsle, F., & Köllner, V. (2007). Adjustment disorders as stress response syndromes: A new diagnostic concept and its exploration in a medical sample. Psychopathology, 40, 135–146.Google Scholar

Mayes, D. S., Calhoun, S. L., Waschbusch, D. A., & Baweja, R. (2016). Autism and reactive attachment/disinhibited social engagement disorders: Co-occurrence and differentiation. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 22, 1–12.Google Scholar

McLaughlin, A., Espie, C., & Minis, H. (2010). Development of a brief waiting room observation for behaviors typical of Reactive Attachment Disorder. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 15, 73–79.Google Scholar

McNally, R. J. (2003). Progress and controversy in the study of posttraumatic stress disorder. Annual Review of Psychology, 54, 229–252.Google Scholar

McNally, R. J. (2004). Conceptual problems with the DSM-IV criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder. In Rosen, G. M. (ed.), Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Issues and Controversies (pp.1–14). Chichester, England: Wiley.Google Scholar

McNally, R. J. (2009). Can we fix PTSD in DSM-V? Depression and Anxiety, 26, 597–600.Google Scholar

Minnis, H., Green, J., O’Connor, T., Liew, A., Glaser, D., Taylor, E., Follan, M., Young, D., Barnes, J., Gillberg, C., Pelosi, A., Arthur, J., Burston, A., Connolly, B., & Sadiq, F. (2009). An exploratory study of the association between reactive attachment disorder and attachment narratives in early school-age children. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines, 50, 931–942.Google Scholar

Norrholm, S. D., Jovanovic, T., Olin, I. W., Sands, L. A., Bradley, B., & Ressler, K. J. (2011). Fear extinction in traumatized civilians with posttraumatic stress disorder: Relation to symptom severity. Biological Psychiatry, 69, 556–563.Google Scholar

O’Donnell, M. L., Alkemade, N., Creamer, M., McFarlane, A. C., Silove, D., Bryant, R. A., … Forbes, D. (2016). A longitudinal study of adjustment disorder after trauma exposure. American Journal of Psychiatry, 173, 1231–1238.Google Scholar

Prins, A., Bovin, M. J., Smolenski, D. J., Mark, B. P., Kimerling, R., Jenkins-Guarnieri, M. A., … Tiet, Q. Q. (2016). The Primary Care PTSD Screen for DSM-5 (PC-PTSD-5): Development and evaluation within a veteran primary care sample. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 31, 1206–1211.Google Scholar

Resick, P. A. & Miller, M. W. (2009). Posttraumatic stress disorder: Anxiety or traumatic stress disorder? Journal of Traumatic Stress, 22, 384–390.Google Scholar

Rosen, G. M. (2004). Traumatic events, criterion creep, and the creation of pretraumatic stress disorder. Scientific Review of Mental Health Practice, 3, 39–42.Google Scholar

Sheehan, D. V., Lecrubier, Y., Sheehan, K. H., Janavs, J., Weiller, E., Keskiner, A., … Dunbar, G. C. (1997). The validity of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) according to the SCID-P and its reliability. European Psychiatry, 12, 232–241.Google Scholar

Sloan, P., Arsenault, L., Hilsenroth, M., & Harvill, L. (1995) Use of the Mississippi Scale for Combat-Related PTSD in detecting war-related, non-combat stress symptomatology. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 51, 799–801.Google Scholar

Spitzer, R. L., First, M. B., & Wakefield, J. C. (2007). Saving PTSD from itself in DSM-V. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 21, 233–241.Google Scholar

Tanielian, T. (2009). Assessing Combat Exposure and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Troops and Estimating the Costs to Society: Implications from the RAND Invisible Wounds of War Study. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation.Google Scholar

Terluin, B., van Marwijk, H. W., Ader, H. J., de Vet, H. C., Penninx, B. W., & Hermens, M. L. (2006). The Four-Dimensional Symptom Questionnaire (4DSQ): A validation study of a multidimensional self-report questionnaire to assess distress, depression, anxiety and somatization. BMC Psychiatry, 6, 34–54.Google Scholar

Vogt, D. S., Shipherd, J. C., & Resick, P. A. (2012). Posttraumatic maladaptive beliefs scale: Evolution of the personal beliefs and reactions scale. Assessment, 19, 308–317.Google Scholar

Weathers, F. W., Blake, D. D., Schnurr, P. P., Kaloupek, D. G., Marx, B. P., & Keane, T. M. (2013a). The Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5 (CAPS-5). Interview available from the National Center for PTSD at www.ptsd.va.gov.Google Scholar

Weathers, F. W., Blake, D. D., Schnurr, P. P., Kaloupek, D. G., Marx, B. P., & Keane, T. M. (2013b). The Life Events Checklist for DSM-5 (LEC-5). Instrument available from the National Center for PTSD at www.ptsd.va.gov.Google Scholar

Weathers, F. W., Bovin, M. J., Lee, D. J., Sloan, D. M., Schnurr, P. P., Kaloupek, D. G., … Marx, B. P. (2018). The Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5 (CAPS-5): Development and initial psychometric evaluation in military veterans. Psychological Assessment, 30(3), 383–395.Google Scholar

Weathers, F. W. & Keane, T. M. (2007). The Criterion A problem revisited: Controversies and challenges in defining and measuring psychological trauma. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 20, 107–121.Google Scholar

Weathers, F. W., Keane, T. M., & Davidson, J. R. T. (2001). Clinician administered PTSD scale: A review of the first ten years of research. Depression and Anxiety, 13, 132–156.Google Scholar

Weathers, F. W., Litz, B. T., Keane, T. M., Palmieri, P. A., Marx, B. P., & Schnurr, P. P. (2013c). The PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). Scale available from the National Center for PTSD at www.ptsd.va.gov.Google Scholar

Weiss, D. S. & Marmar, C. R. (1996). The Impact of Event Scale – Revised. In Wilson, J. & Keane, T. M. (eds.), Assessing Psychological Trauma and PTSD (pp. 399–411). New York, NY: Guilford Press.Google Scholar

Wells, S. Y., Morland, L. A., Torres, E. M., Kloezeman, K., Mackintosh, M. A., & Aarons, G. A. (2017). The development of a brief version of the Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory (PTCI-9). Assessment, online advance publication.Google Scholar

Wolf, E. J., Mitchell, K. S., Sadeh, N., Hein, C., Fuhrman, I., Pietrzak, R. H., & Miller, M. W. (in press). The Dissociative Subtype of PTSD Scale (DSPS): Initial evaluation in a national sample of trauma-exposed Veterans. Assessment.Google Scholar

Wortmann, J. H., Jordan, A. H., Weathers, F. W., Resick, P. A., Dondanville, K. A., Hall-Clark, B., … Litz, B. T. (2016). Psychometric analysis of the PTSD Checklist-5 (PCL-5) among treatment-seeking military service members. Psychological Assessment, 28, 1392–1403.Google Scholar

Yehuda, R. & LeDoux, J. (2007). Response variation following trauma: A translational neuroscience approach to understanding PTSD. Neuron, 56(1), 19–32.Google Scholar

Zeanah, C. H., Chesher, T., Boris, N.W., & the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Committee on Quality Issues. (2016). Practice parameter for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with Reactive Attachment Disorder and Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder. Journal of the American Academic of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 55, 990–1003.Google Scholar

References

American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th edn). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.Google Scholar

Barlow, D. H. (2002). Anxiety and Its Disorders: The Nature and Treatment of Anxiety and Panic (2nd edn). New York, NY: Guilford Press.Google Scholar

Beck, A. T. (1988). Cognitive approaches to panic disorder: Theory and therapy. In Rachman, S. & Maser, J. (eds.), Panic: Psychological Perspectives (pp. 33–54). Hillsdale, MI: Lawrence Erlbaum.Google Scholar

Benight, C. C. & Bandura, A. (2004). Social cognitive theory of posttraumatic recovery: The role of perceived self-efficacy. Behaviour Research Therapy, 42(10), 1129–1148.Google Scholar

Borsboom, D. & Cramer, A. O. (2013). Network analysis: An integrative approach to the structure of psychopathology. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 9, 91–121.Google Scholar

Bouton, M., Mineka, S., & Barlow, D. (2001). A modern learning theory perspective on the etiology of panic disorder. Psychological Review, 108, 4–32.Google Scholar

Bui, E. & Fava, M. (2017). From depression to anxiety, and back. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 10, 136(4), 341–342.Google Scholar

Casey, B. J., Craddock, N., Cuthbert, B. N., Hyman, S. E., Lee, F. S., & Ressler, K. J. (2013). DSM-5 and RDoC: Progress in psychiatry research? Nature Reviews: Neuroscience, 14(11), 810–814.Google Scholar

Chambless, D. L., Caputo, G. C., Bright, P., & Gallagher, R. (1984). Assessment of fear of fear in agoraphobics: The body sensations questionnaire and the agoraphobic cognitions questionnaire. Journal of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, 6, 1090–1097.Google Scholar

Cisler, J. M., Olatunji, B. O., Feldner, M. T., & Forsyth, J. P. (2010). Emotion regulation and the anxiety disorders: An integrative review. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 32(1), 68–82.Google Scholar

Clark, D. M. (1986). A cognitive approach to panic. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 24, 461–470.Google Scholar

Clark, D. M. & Ehlers, A. (2004). Posttraumatic stress disorder: From cognitive theory to therapy. In Leahy, R. L. (ed.), Contemporary Cognitive Therapy (pp. 141–160). New York, NY: Guilford Press.Google Scholar

Cloitre, M., Koenen, K. C., Cohen, L. R., & Han, H. (2002). Skills training in affective and interpersonal regulation followed by exposure: A phase-based treatment for PTSD related to childhood abuse. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 70(5), 1067–1074.Google Scholar

Craske, M. G. (2003). Origins of Phobias and Anxiety Disorders: Why More Women Than Men? Amsterdam; Boston, MA: Elsevier.Google Scholar

Dunmore, E., Clark, D. M., & Ehlers, A. (2001). A prospective investigation of the role of cognitive factors in persistent posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after physical and sexual assault. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 39, 1063–1084.Google Scholar

Foa, E. B., Ehlers, A., Clark, D. M., Tolin, D. F., & Orsillo, S. M. (1999). The Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory (PTCI): Development and validation. Psychological Assessment, 11, 303–314.Google Scholar

Foa, E. B. & Rothbaum, B. O. (1998). Treating the Trauma of Rape: Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for PTSD. New York, NY: Guilford Press.Google Scholar

Frewen, P. A., Schmittmann, V. D., Bringmann, L. F., & Borsboom, D. (2013). Perceived causal relations between anxiety, posttraumatic stress and depression: Extension to moderation, mediation, and network analysis. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 4.Google Scholar

Gorman, J. M. (2004). Fear and Anxiety: Benefits of Translational Research. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.Google Scholar

Halligan, S. L., Michael, T., Clark, D. M., & Ehlers, A. (2003). Posttraumatic stress disorder following assault: The role of cognitive processing, trauma memory, and appraisal. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71, 410–431.Google Scholar

Hinton, D. E., Ba, P., Peou, S., & Um, K. (2000). Panic disorder among Cambodian refugees attending a psychiatric clinic: Prevalence and subtypes. General Hospital Psychiatry, 22, 437–444.Google Scholar

Hinton, D. E., Chau, H., Nguyen, L., Nguyen, M., Pham, T., Quinn, S., et al. (2001). Panic disorder among Vietnamese refugees attending a psychiatric clinic: Prevalence and subtypes. General Hospital Psychiatry, 23, 337–344.Google Scholar

Hinton, D. E., Chhean, D., Fama, J. M., Pollack, M. H., & McNally, R. J. (2007). Gastrointestinal-focused panic attacks among Cambodian refugees: Associated psychopathology, flashbacks, and catastrophic cognitions. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 21, 42–58.Google Scholar

Hinton, D. E., Chhean, D., Pich, V., Um, K., Fama, J. M., & Pollack, M. H. (2006). Neck-focused panic attacks among Cambodian refugees; A logistic and linear regression analysis. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 20, 119–138.Google Scholar

Hinton, D. E. & Good, B. J. (eds.). (2009). Culture and Panic Disorder. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar

Hinton, D. E. & Good, B. J. (eds.). (2016). Culture and PTSD: Trauma in Historical and Global Perspective. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press.Google Scholar

Hinton, D. E., Hinton, A., Chhean, D., Pich, V., Loeum, J. R., & Pollack, M. H. (2009). Nightmares among Cambodian refugees: The breaching of concentric ontological security. Culture, Medicine, and Psychiatry, 33, 219–265.Google Scholar

Hinton, D. E., Hinton, L., Tran, M., Nguyen, L., Hsia, C., & Pollack, M. H. (2006). Orthostatically induced panic attacks among Vietnamese refugees: Associated psychopathology, flashbacks, and catastrophic cognitions. Depression and Anxiety, 23(2), 113–115.Google Scholar

Hinton, D. E., Hinton, L., Tran, M., Nguyen, M., Nguyen, L., Hsia, C., et al. (2007). Orthostatic panic attacks among Vietnamese refugees. Transcultural Psychiatry, 44, 515–545.Google Scholar

Hinton, D. E. & Hinton, S. D. (2002). Panic disorder, somatization, and the new cross-cultural psychiatry; The seven bodies of a medical anthropology of panic. Culture, Medicine, and Psychiatry, 26, 155–178.Google Scholar

Hinton, D. E., Hinton, S. D., Um, K., Chea, A., & Sak, S. (2002). The Khmer “weak heart” syndrome: Fear of death from palpitations. Transcultural Psychiatry, 39, 323–344.Google Scholar

Hinton, D. E., Hofmann, S. G., Orr, S. P., Pitman, R. K., Pollack, M. H., & Pole, N. (2010). A psychobiocultural model of orthostatic panic among Cambodian refugees: Flashbacks, catastrophic cognitions, and reduced orthostatic blood-pressure response. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 2, 63–70.Google Scholar

Hinton, D. E., Hofmann, S. G., Pitman, R. K., Pollack, M. H., & Barlow, D. H. (2008). The panic attack–PTSD model: Applicability to orthostatic panic among Cambodian refugee. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 27, 101–116.Google Scholar

Hinton, D. E., Howes, D., & Kirmayer, L. J. (2008). Toward a medical anthropology of sensations: Definitions and research agenda. Transcultural Psychiatry, 45(2), 142–162.Google Scholar

Hinton, D. E., Hsia, C., Um, K., & Otto, M. W. (2003). Anger-associated panic attacks in Cambodian refugees with PTSD: A multiple baseline examination of clinical data. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 41(6), 647–654.Google Scholar

Hinton, D. E., Lewis-Fernández, R., Kirmayer, L. J., & Weiss, M. G. (2016). Supplementary module 1: Explanatory module. In Lewis-Fernandez, R., Aggarwal, N., Hinton, L., Hinton, D. & Kirmayer, L. J. (eds.), The DSM-5 Handbook on the Cultural Formulation Interview (pp. 53–67). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.Google Scholar

Hinton, D. E., Nickerson, A., & Bryant, R. A. (2011). Worry, worry attacks, and PTSD among Cambodian refugees: A path analysis investigation. Social Science and Medicine, 72, 1817–1825.Google Scholar

Hinton, D. E., Park, L., Hsia, C., Hofmann, S., & Pollack, M. H. (2009). Anxiety disorder presentations in Asian populations: A review. CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics, 15(3), 295–303.Google Scholar

Hinton, D. E., & Patel, A. (in press). Cultural adaptations of CBT. Psychiatry Clinics.Google Scholar

Hinton, D. E., Peou, S., Joshi, S., Nickerson, A., & Simon, N. (2013). Normal grief and complicated bereavement among traumatized Cambodian refugees: Cultural context and the central role of dreams of the deceased. Culture, Medicine, and Psychiatry, 37, 427–464.Google Scholar

Hinton, D. E., Pich, V., Chhean, D., & Pollack, M. H. (2005). “The ghost pushes you down”: Sleep paralysis-type panic attacks in a Khmer refugee population. Transcultural Psychiatry, 42, 46–78.Google Scholar

Hinton, D. E., Pich, V., Chhean, D., Pollack, M. H., & McNally, R. J. (2005). Sleep paralysis among Cambodian refugees: Association with PTSD diagnosis and severity. Depression and Anxiety, 22(2), 47–51.Google Scholar

Hinton, D. E., Pich, V., Marques, L., Nickerson, A., & Pollack, M. H. (2010). Khyâl attacks: A key idiom of distress among traumatized Cambodian refugees. Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry, 34, 244–278.Google Scholar

Hinton, D. E., Rasmussen, A., Nou, L., Pollack, M. H., & Good, M. J. (2009). Anger, PTSD, and the nuclear family: A study of Cambodian refugees. Social Science and Medicine, 69, 1387–1394.Google Scholar

Hinton, D. E., Reis, R., & de Jong, J. T. (2016). A transcultural model of the centrality of “thinking a lot” in psychopathologies across the globe and the process of localization: A Cambodian refugee example. Culture, Medicine, and Psychiatry, 40, 570–619.Google Scholar

Hinton, D. E., Rivera, E., Hofmann, S. G., Barlow, D. H., & Otto, M. W. (2012). Adapting CBT for traumatized refugees and ethnic minority patients: Examples from culturally adapted CBT (CA-CBT). Transcultural Psychiatry, 49, 340–365.Google Scholar

Hinton, D. E., So, V., Pollack, M. H., Pitman, R. K., & Orr, S. P. (2004). The psychophysiology of orthostatic panic in Cambodian refugees attending a psychiatric clinic. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 26, 1–13.Google Scholar

Hinton, D. E., Um, K., & Ba, P. (2001a). Kyol goeu ("wind overload”) part I: A cultural syndrome of orthostatic panic among Khmer refugees. Transcultural Psychiatry 38, 403–432.Google Scholar

Hinton, D. E., Um, K., & Ba, P. (2001b). Kyol goeu (”wind overload”) part II: Prevalence, characteristics and mechanisms of kyol goeu and near-kyol goeu episodes of Khmer patients attending a psychiatric clinic. Transcultural Psychiatry, 38 433–460.Google Scholar

Hinton, D. E., Um, K., & Ba, P. (2001c). A unique panic-disorder presentation among Khmer refugees: The sore-neck syndrome. Culture, Medicine, and Psychiatry, 25(3), 297–316.Google Scholar

Hofmann, S. G., Curtiss, J., & McNally, R. J. (2016). A complex network perspective on clinical science. Perspectives in Psychological Science, 11(5), 597–605.Google Scholar

Kaiser, B., Haroz, E., Kohrt, B., Bolton, P., Bass, J., & Hinton, D. E. (2015). Thinking too much: A systematic review of a common idiom of distress. Social Science and Medicine, 147, 170–183.Google Scholar

Katon, W. (1984). Panic disorder and somatization. Review of 55 cases. American Journal of Medicine, 77(1), 101–106.Google Scholar

Khawaja, N. G. & Oei, T. P. (1998). Catastrophic cognitions in panic disorder with and without agoraphobia. Clinical Psychology Review, 18(3), 341–365.Google Scholar

Kirmayer, L. J. & Sartorius, N. (2007). Cultural models and somatic syndromes. Psychosomatic Medicine, 69, 832–840.Google Scholar

McNally, R. J. (1994). Panic Disorder: A Critical Analysis. New York, NY: Guilford Press.Google Scholar

McNally, R. J. (2012). The ontology of posttraumatic stress disorder: Natural kind, social construction, or causal system? Clinical Psychology Science and Practice, 19(3), 220–228.Google Scholar

McNally, R. J. (2016). Can network analysis transform psychopathology? Behavior Research Therapy, 86, 95–104.Google Scholar

Morris, S. E. & Cuthbert, B. N. (2012). Research Domain Criteria: Cognitive systems, neural circuits, and dimensions of behavior. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 14(1), 29–37.Google Scholar

Nickerson, A. & Hinton, D. E. (2011). Anger regulation in traumatized Cambodian refugees: The perspectives of Buddhist Monks. Culture, Medicine, and Psychiatry, 35, 396–416.Google Scholar

Noyes, R. & Hoehn-Saric, R. (1998). The Anxiety Disorders. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Rapee, R. M., Craske, M. G., & Barlow, D. H. (1994). Assessment instrument for panic disorder that includes fear of sensation-producing activities: The Albany Panic and Phobia Questionnaire. Anxiety, 1(3), 114–122.Google Scholar

Resick, P. & Schnicke, M. (1996). Cognitive Processing Therapy for Rape Victims. London; New Delhi: Sage Publications.Google Scholar

Sanislow, C. A., Pine, D. S., Quinn, K. J., Kozak, M. J., Garvey, M. A., Heinssen, R. K., et al. (2010). Developing constructs for psychopathology research: Research domain criteria. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 119(4), 631–639.Google Scholar

Watson, D. (2005). Rethinking the mood and anxiety disorders: A quantitative hierarchical model for DSM-V. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 114(4), 522–536.Google Scholar

Wells, A. (2009). Metacognitive Therapy for Anxiety and Depression. New York, NY: Guilford.Google Scholar

Book contents

Section 3 - Assessment, Diagnosis, and Cultural Manifestations of Anxiety and Related Disorders

Summary

Access options

References

References

References

References

References

Save book to Kindle

Save book to Dropbox

Save book to Google Drive