Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-m6dg7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-15T05:00:53.635Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Part VI - Variables and Outcomes of Bilingual Speech

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 November 2024

Edited by
Mark Amengual
Mark Amengual
Affiliation:
University of California, Santa Cruz
Get access
Type
Chapter
Information
The Cambridge Handbook of Bilingual Phonetics and Phonology , pp. 653 - 812
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2024

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References

Amengual, M. (2016a). Acoustic correlates of the Spanish tap–trill contrast: Heritage and L2 Spanish speakers. Heritage Language Journal, 13(2), 88–112.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Amengual, M. (2016b). The perception and production of language-specific mid-vowel contrasts: Shifting the focus to the bilingual individual in early language input conditions. International Journal of Bilingualism, 20(2), 133–152.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Amengual, M. (2016c). Cross-linguistic influence in the bilingual mental lexicon: Evidence of cognate effects in the phonetic production and processing of a vowel contrast. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 617.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Amengual, M. (2016d). The perception of language-specific phonetic categories does not guarantee accurate phonological representations in the lexicon of early bilinguals. Applied Psycholinguistics, 37(5), 1221–1251.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Amengual, M. (2018). Asymmetrical interlingual influence in the production of Spanish and English laterals as a result of competing activation in bilingual language processing. Journal of Phonetics, 69, 12–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Amengual, M. (2021). The acoustic realization of language-specific phonological categories despite dynamic cross-linguistic influence in bilingual and trilingual speech. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 149(2), 1271–1284.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Amengual, M. & Chamorro, P. (2015). The effects of language dominance in the perception and production of the Galician mid vowel contrasts. Phonetica, 72(4), 207–236.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Amengual, M. & Simonet, M. (2020). Language dominance does not always predict cross-linguistic interactions in bilingual speech production. Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism, 10(6), 847–872.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Antoniou, M., Best, C. T., Tyler, M. D., & Kroos, C. (2010). Language context elicits native-like stop voicing in early bilinguals’ productions in both L1 and L2. Journal of Phonetics, 38(4), 640–653.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Antoniou, M., Best, C. T., Tyler, M. D., & Kroos, C. (2011). Inter-language interference in VOT production by L2-dominant bilinguals: Asymmetries in phonetic code-switching. Journal of Phonetics, 39(4), 558–570.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Antoniou, M., Tyler, M. D., & Best, C. T. (2012). Two ways to listen: Do L2-dominant bilinguals perceive stop voicing according to language mode? Journal of Phonetics, 40(4), 582–594.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bahrick, H., Hall, L. K., Googin, J. P., Bharick, L. E., & Berger, S. A. (1994). Fifty years of language maintenance in bilingual Hispanic immigrants. Journal of Experimental Psychology General, 123(3), 264–283.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baird, B. O. (2015). Pre-nuclear peak alignment in the Spanish of Spanish-K’ichee’(Mayan) bilinguals. In Willis, E. W., Martín Butragueño, P., & Herrera Zendejas, E., eds., Selected Proceedings of the 6th Conference on Laboratory Approaches to Romance Phonology. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project, pp. 163–174.Google Scholar
Baird, B. O. (2021). Bilingual language dominance and contrastive focus marking: Gradient effects of K’ichee’ syntax on Spanish prosody. International Journal of Bilingualism, 25(3), 500–515.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beatty-Martinez, A. L. & Titone, D. A. (2021). The quest for signals in noise: Leveraging experiential variation to identify bilingual phenotypes. Languages, 6, 168.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Birdsong, D. (2014). Dominance and age in bilingualism. Applied Linguistics, 35(4), 374–392.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Birdsong, D. (2016). Dominance in bilingualism: Foundations of measurement, with insights from the study of handedness. In Silva-Corvalán, C. & Treffers-Daller, J., eds., Language Dominance in Bilinguals: Issues of Measurement and Operationalization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 85–105.Google Scholar
Birdsong, D., Gertken, L. M., & Amengual, M. (2012). Bilingual Language Profile: An Easy-to-Use Instrument to Assess Bilingualism. Austin: COERLL, University of Texas at Austin. https://sites.la.utexas.edu/bilingual.Google Scholar
Black, M., Joanisse, M. F., & Rafat, Y. (2020). Language dominance modulates the perception of Spanish approximants in late bilinguals. Languages, 5(1), 7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bosch, L., Costa, A., & Sebastián-Gallés, N. (2000). First and second language vowel perception in early bilinguals. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 12(2), 189–221.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bruggeman, L. & Cutler, A. (2020). No L1 privilege in talker adaptation. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 23, 681–693.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bullock, B. E. & Toribio, A. J. (2009). Trying to hit a moving target: On the sociophonetics of code-switching. In Isurin, L., Winford, D., & de Bot, K., eds., Multidisciplinary Approaches to Code Switching. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, pp. 189–206.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bullock, B. E., Toribio, A. J., González, V., & Dalola, A. (2006). Language dominance and performance outcomes in bilingual pronunciation. In O’Brien, M. G., Shea, C., & Archibald, J., eds., Proceedings of the 8th Generative Approaches to Second Language Acquisition Conference. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project, pp. 9–16.Google Scholar
Butler, G. Y. & Hakuta, K. (2004). Bilingualism and second language acquisition. In Bhatia, T. & Ritchie, W., eds., Handbook of Bilingualism. New York: Blackwell, pp. 114–144.Google Scholar
Carrasco-Ortíz, H., Amengual, M., & Gries, S. T. (2021). Cross-language effects of phonological and orthographic similarity in cognate word recognition: The role of language dominance. Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism, 11(3), 389–417.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Casillas, J. V. (2015). Production and perception of the /i/-/ɪ/ vowel contrast: The case of L2-dominant early learners of English. Phonetica, 72, 182–205.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Casillas, J. V. & Simonet, M. (2016). Production and perception of the English /æ/–/ɑ/ contrast in switched-dominance speakers. Second Language Research, 32(2), 171–195.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chan, L., Johnson, K., & Babel, M. (2020). Lexically-guided perceptual learning in early Cantonese-English bilinguals. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 147(3), EL277–EL282.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chang, C. B. (2012). Rapid and multifaceted effects of second-language learning on first-language speech production. Journal of Phonetics, 40(2), 249–268.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chang, C. B. (2013). A novelty effect in phonetic drift of the native language. Journal of Phonetics, 41(6), 520–533.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Bot, K. (2007). Dynamic systems theory, lifespan development and language attrition. In Köpke, B., Schmid, M. S., Keijzer, M., & Dostert, S., eds., Language Attrition: Theoretical Perspectives. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, pp. 53–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De la Fuente Iglesias, M. & Pérez Castillejo, S. (2020). Phonetic interactions in the bilingual production of Galician and Spanish /e/ and /o/. International Journal of Bilingualism, 24(2), 305–318.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Leeuw, E. (2019). Native speech plasticity in the German-English late bilingual Stefanie Graf: A longitudinal study over four decades. Journal of Phonetics, 73, 24–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dunn, A. L. & Fox Tree, J. E. (2009). A quick, gradient bilingual dominance scale. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 12, 273–289.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flege, J. E. & Eefting, W. (1987a). Cross-language switching in stop consonant perception and production by Dutch speakers of English. Speech Communication, 6, 185–202.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flege, J. E. & Eefting, W. (1987b). Production and perception of English stops by native Spanish speakers. Journal of Phonetics, 15, 67–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flege, J. E., MacKay, I. R., & Piske, T. (2002). Assessing bilingual dominance. Applied Psycholinguistics, 23(4), 567–598.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Francis, W. (2021). Bilingualism Across the Lifespan: Opportunities and Challenges for Cognitive Research. New York: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gasser, C. (2000). Exploring the complementarity principle: The case of first generation English-German bilinguals in the Basle area. [Master’s thesis, University of Basel, Switzerland].Google Scholar
Gertken, L. M., Amengual, M., & Birdsong, D. (2014). Assessing language dominance with the bilingual language profile. In Leclercq, P., Edmonds, A., & Hilton, H., eds., Measuring L2 Proficiency: Perspectives from SLA. Bristol, UK: Multilingual Matters, pp. 208–225.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grosjean, F. (2001). The bilingual’s language modes. In Nicol, J. L., ed., One Mind, Two Languages: Bilingual Language Processing. Malden, MA: Blackwell, pp. 1–22.Google Scholar
Grosjean, F. (2010). Bilingual: Life and Reality. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grosjean, F. (2016). The complementarity principle and its impact on processing, acquisition, and dominance. In Silva-Corvalán, C. & Treffers-Daller, J., eds., Language Dominance in Bilinguals: Issues of Measurement and Operationalization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 66–84.Google Scholar
Hamman, C., Rinke, E., & Genevska-Hanke, D., eds. (2019). Bilingual Language Development: The Role of Dominance. Lausanne, Switzerland: Frontiers Media.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hazan, V. L. & Boulakia, G. (1993). Perception and production of a voicing contrast by French-English bilinguals. Language and Speech, 36(1), 17–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Henriksen, N., Coetzee, A., García-Amaya, L., & Fischer, M. (2021). Exploring language dominance through code-switching: Intervocalic voiced stop lenition in Afrikaans-Spanish bilinguals. Phonetica, 78(3), 201–240.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jenkins, J. J., Strange, W., & Polka, L. (1995). Not everyone can tell a “rock” from a “lock”: Assessing individual differences in speech perception. In Lubinski, D. J. & Dawis, R.V., eds., Assessing Individual Differences in Human Behavior: New Concepts, Methods, and Findings. Palo Alto, CA: Davies-Black, pp. 297–325.Google Scholar
Kaplan, E., Goodglass, H., & Weintraub, S. (1983). Boston Naming Test, 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lea & Febiger.Google Scholar
Kartushina, N., Frauenfelder, U. H., & Golestani, N. (2016). How and when does the second language influence the production of native speech sounds: A literature review. Language Learning, 64, 155–186.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kartushina, N. & Martin, C. D. (2019). Third-language learning affects bilinguals’ production in both their native languages: A longitudinal study of dynamic changes in L1, L2 and L3 vowel production. Journal of Phonetics, 77, 100920.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kim, J. Y. & Repiso Puigdelliura, G. (2020). Deconstructing heritage language dominance: Effects of proficiency, use, and input on heritage speakers’ production of the Spanish alveolar tap. Phonetica, 77(1), 55–80.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kornder, L. & Mennen, I. (2021). Longitudinal developments in bilingual second language acquisition and first language attrition of speech: The case of Arnold Schwarzenegger. Languages, 6(2), 61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lambert, W. E. (1955). Measurement of the linguistic dominance of bilinguals. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 50(2), 197–200.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Langdon, H., Wiig, E., & Nielsen, N. (2005). Dual dimension naming speed and language-dominance ratings by bilingual Hispanic adults. Bilingual Research Journal, 29, 319–336.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Law, N. C. & So, L. K. (2006). The relationship of phonological development and language dominance in bilingual Cantonese-Putonghua children. International Journal of Bilingualism, 10(4), 405–427.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lazarev, V. & Pravikova, L. (2005). The North Caucasus bilingualism and language identity. In Cohen, J., McAlister, K. T., Rolstad, K., & MacSwan, J., eds., ISB4: Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Bilingualism. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press, pp. 1309–1327.Google Scholar
Li, P., Sepanski, S., & Zhao, X. (2006). Language history questionnaire: A web-based interface for bilingual research. Behavior Research Methods, 38, 202–210.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lim, V. P. C., Rickard Liow, S. J., Lincoln, M., Chan, Y. K., & Onslow, M. (2008). Determining language dominance in English-Mandarin bilinguals: Development of a self-report classification tool for clinical use. Applied Psycholinguistics, 29, 389–412.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Luk, G. & Bialystok, E. (2013). Bilingualism is not a categorical variable: Interaction between language proficiency and usage. Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 25(5), 605–621.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marian, V., Blumenfeld, H., & Kaushanskaya, M. (2007). The Language Experience and Proficiency Questionnaire (LEAP-Q): Assessing language profiles in bilinguals and multilinguals. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 50(4), 940–967.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mayr, R., López-Bueno, L., Fernández, M. V., & Tomé Lourido, G. (2019). The role of early experience and continued language use in bilingual speech production: A study of Galician and Spanish mid vowels by Galician-Spanish bilinguals. Journal of Phonetics, 72, 1–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nicoladis, E. & Montanari, S. (2016). Bilingualism Across the Lifespan: Factors Moderating Language Proficiency. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olson, D. J. (2017). Bilingual language switching costs in auditory comprehension. Language, Cognition and Neuroscience, 32(4), 494–513.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olson, D. J. (2019). Phonological processes across word and language boundaries: Evidence from code-switching. Journal of Phonetics, 77, 100937.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Osborne, D. M. (2021). Perception of Portuguese mid vowels by heritage speakers of Brazilian Portuguese. Heritage Language Journal, 18(1), 1–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peña, E. D., Bedore, L. M., & Torres, J. (2021). Assessment of language proficiency and dominance in monolinguals and bilinguals. In Francis, W. S., ed., Bilingualism Across the Lifespan: Opportunities and Challenges for Cognitive Research in a Global Society. New York: Routledge, pp. 88–105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peña, E. D., Gutiérrez-Clellen, V., Iglesias, A., Goldstein, B., & Bedore, L. M. (2014). Bilingual English-Spanish Assessment Manual. San Rafael, CA: AR-Clinical Publications.Google Scholar
Ramírez, M. & Simonet, M. (2018). Language dominance and the perception of the Majorcan Catalan/ʎ/−/ʒ/contrast: Asymmetrical phonological representations. International Journal of Bilingualism, 22(6), 638–652.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ramon-Casas, M., Swingley, D., Sebastián-Gallés, N., & Bosch, L. (2009). Vowel categorization during word recognition in bilingual toddlers. Cognitive Psychology, 59(1), 96–121.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ramon-Casas, M., Cortés, S., Benet, A., Lleó, C., & Bosch, L. (2023). Connecting perception and production in early Catalan-Spanish bilingual children: Language dominance and quality of input effects. Journal of Child Language, 50(1), 155–176.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Røyneland, U. & Blackwood, R. (2021). Multilingualism Across the Lifespan. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Sancier, M. L. & Fowler, C. A. (1997). Gestural drift in a bilingual speaker of Brazilian Portuguese and English. Journal of Phonetics, 25(4), 421–436.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sebastián-Gallés, N. & Soto-Faraco, S. (1999). Online processing of native and non-native phonemic contrasts in early bilinguals. Cognition, 72(2), 111–123.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sheng, L., Lu, Y., & Gollan, T. (2014). Assessing language dominance in Mandarin-English bilinguals: Convergence and divergence between subjective and objective measures. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 17(2), 364–383.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Silva-Corvalán, C. & Treffers-Daller, J. (2016). Language Dominance in Bilinguals: Issues of Measurement and Operationalization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Simonet, M. (2011). Production of a Catalan-specific vowel contrast by early Spanish-Catalan bilinguals. Phonetica, 68(1–2), 88–110.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Simonet, M. (2014). Phonetic consequences of dynamic cross-linguistic interference in proficient bilinguals. Journal of Phonetics, 43, 26–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simonet, M. & Amengual, M. (2020). Increased language co-activation leads to enhanced cross-linguistic phonetic convergence. International Journal of Bilingualism, (2), 208–221.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tobin, S., Nam, H., & Fowler, C. A. (2017). Phonetic drift in Spanish-English bilinguals: Experiment and a self-organizing model. Journal of Phonetics, 65, 45–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tomé Lourido, G. & Evans, B. G. (2019). The effects of language dominance switch in bilinguals: Galician new speakers’ speech production and perception. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 22(3), 637–654.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tsui, R. K. Y., Tong, X., & Chan, C. S. K. (2019). Impact of language dominance on phonetic transfer in Cantonese-English bilingual language switching. Applied Psycholinguistics, 40(1), 29–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wiig, E. H., Nielsen, N. P., Minthon, L., & Warkentin, S. (2002). A Quick Test of Cognitive Speed (AQT). San Antonio, TX: Pearson/PsychCorp.Google Scholar
Zembrzuski, D., Marecka, M., Wodniecka, Z., et al. (2020). Bilingual children do not transfer stress patterns: Evidence from suprasegmental and segmental analysis of L1 and L2 speech of Polish-English child bilinguals. International Journal of Bilingualism, 24(2), 93–114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

References

Aly, A. M. (2017). Prosodic effects of code-switching in Spanish-Basque bilinguals. [Doctoral dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles].Google Scholar
Amengual, M. (2012). Interlingual influence in bilingual speech: Cognate status effect in a continuum of bilingualism. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 15(3), 517–530.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Amengual, M. (2016). Cross-linguistic influence in the bilingual mental lexicon: Evidence of cognate effects in the phonetic production and processing of a vowel contrast. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 617.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Amengual, M. (2018). Asymmetrical interlingual influence in the production of Spanish and English laterals as a result of competing activation in bilingual language processing. Journal of Phonetics, 69, 12–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Amengual, M. (2021). The acoustic realization of language-specific phonological categories despite dynamic cross-linguistic influence in bilingual and trilingual speech. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 149(2), 1271–1284.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Amengual, M., Meredith, L., & Panelli, T. (2019). Static and dynamic phonetic interactions in the L2 and L3 acquisition of Japanese velar voiceless stops. In Calhoun, S., Escudero, P., Tabain, M., & Warren, P., eds., Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences. Canberra: Australasian Speech Science and Technology Association, pp. 964–968.Google Scholar
Antoniou, M., Best, C., Tyler, M., & Kroos, C. (2011). Inter-language interference in VOT production by L2-dominant bilinguals: Asymmetries in phonetic code switching. Journal of Phonetics, 39(4), 558–570.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Aylett, M. & Turk, A. (2004). The smooth signal redundancy hypothesis: A functional explanation for relationships between redundancy, prosodic prominence, and duration in spontaneous speech. Language and Speech, 47(1), 31–56.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Balukas, C. & Koops, C. (2015). Spanish-English bilingual voice onset time in spontaneous code-switching. International Journal of Bilingualism, 19(4), 423–443.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bell, A., Brenier, J., Gregory, M., Girand, C., & Jurafsky, D. (2002). Predictability effects on durations of content and function words in conversational English. Journal of Memory and Language, 60(1), 92–111.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Birkner, K. (2004). List intonation of German and Portuguese bilinguals in South Brazil. In Giles, P. & Peters, J., eds., Regional Variation in Intonation. Niemeyer, Tubingen: Linguistische Arbeiten, pp. 121–144.Google Scholar
Blumenfeld, H. K. & Marian, V. (2007). Constraints on parallel activation in bilingual spoken language processing: Examining proficiency and lexical status using eye-tracking. Language and Cognitive Processes, 22(5), 633–660.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, E. L. & Amengual, M. (2015). Fine-grained and probabilistic cross-linguistic influence in the pronunciation of cognates: Evidence from corpus-based spontaneous conversation and experimentally elicited data. Studies in Hispanic and Lusophone Linguistics, 8(1), 59–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, E. L. & Harper, D. (2009). Phonological evidence of crosslinguistic exemplar connections. Studies in Hispanic and Lusophone Linguistics, 2(2), 257–274.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bullock, B. (2009). Phonetic reflexes of code-switching. In Bullock, B. & Toribio, A. J., eds., The Cambridge Handbook of Linguistic Codeswitching. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 163–181.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bullock, B. & Toribio, A. J. (2009a). Trying to hit a moving target: On the sociophonetics of code-switching. In Isurin, L., Winford, D., & de Bot, K., eds., Multidisciplinary Approaches to Code-switching. Philadelphia, PA: John Benjamins, pp. 189–206.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bullock, B. & Toribio, A. J. (2009b). Themes in the study of code-switching. In Bullock, B. & Toribio, A. J., eds., The Cambridge Handbook of Linguistic Codeswitching. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 163–181.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bullock, B., Toribio, A. J., González, V., & Dalola, A. (2006). Language dominance and performance outcomes in bilingual pronunciation. In O’Brien, M. G., Shea, C., & Archibald, J., eds., Proceedings of the 8th Generative Approaches to Second Language Acquisition Conference. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project, pp. 9–16.Google Scholar
Campos-Astorkiza, R. (2015). Segmental and prosodic conditionings on gradient voicing assimilation in Spanish. In Klassen, R., Liceras, J. M., & Valenzuela, E., eds., Hispanic Linguistics at the Crossroads: Theoretical Linguistics, Language Acquisition and Language Contact. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, pp. 127–144.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cheng, L. R. & Butler, K. (1989). Code‐switching: A natural phenomenon vs language “deficiency.” World Englishes, 8(3), 293–309.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elias, V., McKinnon, S., & Milla-Muñoz, Á. (2017). The effects of code-switching and lexical stress on vowel quality and duration of heritage speakers of Spanish. Languages, 2(4), 29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fernald, A. & Simon, T. (1984). Expanded intonation contours in mothers’ speech to newborns. Developmental Psychology, 20(1), 104–113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flege, J., Frieda, E., Walley, A., & Randazza, L. (1998). Lexical factors and segmental accuracy in second language speech production. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 20, 155–187.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flege, J. & Munro, M. J. (1994). The word unit in L2 speech production and perception. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 16, 381–411.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
González López, V. (2012). Spanish and English word-initial voiceless stop production in code-switched vs. monolingual structures. Second Language Research, 28(2), 243–263.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gradoville, M., Waltermire, M., & Long, A. (2021). Cognate similarity and intervocalic /d/ production in Riverense Spanish. International Journal of Bilingualism, 25(3), 727–746.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Green, D. W. (1998). Mental control of the bilingual lexico-semantic system. Language and Cognition, 1, 67–81.Google Scholar
Grosjean, F. (1988). Exploring the recognition of guest words in bilingual speech. Language and Cognitive Processes, 3(3), 233–274.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grosjean, F. (1997). Processing mixed language: Issues, findings, and models. In De Groot, A. & Kroll, J., eds., Tutorials in Bilingualism: Psycholinguistic Perspectives. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, pp. 225–254.Google Scholar
Grosjean, F. (1998). Transfer and language mode. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 1(3), 175–176.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grosjean, F. (2001). The bilingual’s language modes. In Nicol, J., ed., One Mind, Two Languages: Bilingual Language Processing. Malden, MA: Blackwell, pp. 1–21.Google Scholar
Grosjean, F. (2008). Studying Bilinguals. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grosjean, F. (2012). An attempt to isolate, and then differentiate, transfer and interference. International Journal of Bilingualism, 16(1), 11–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grosjean, F. & Miller, J. L. (1994). Going in and out of languages: An example of bilingual flexibility. Psychological Science, 5, 201–206.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Han, H. J., Munson, B., & Schlauch, R. S. (2021). Fundamental frequency range and other acoustic factors that might contribute to the clear-speech benefit. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 149, 1685–1698.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hay, J. & Drager, K. (2010). Stuffed toys and speech perception. Linguistics, 48(4), 865–892.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Henriksen, N., Coetzee, A. W., García-Amaya, L., & Fischer, M. (2021). Exploring language dominance through code-switching: Intervocalic voiced stop lenition in Afrikaans-Spanish bilinguals. Phonetica, 78(3), 201–240.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hualde, J. I., Simonet, M., & Nadeu, M. (2011). Consonant lenition and phonological recategorization. Journal of Laboratory Phonology, 2(2), 301–329.Google Scholar
Khattab, G. (2002a). /r/ production in English and Arabic bilingual and monolingual speakers. In Nielson, D., ed., Leeds Working Papers in Linguistics & Phonetics, 9, 91–129.Google Scholar
Khattab, G. (2002b). Sociolinguistic competence and the bilingual’s choice of phonetic variants: Auditory and instrumental data from English-Arabic bilinguals. [Doctoral dissertation, University of Leeds].Google Scholar
Khattab, G. (2009). Phonetic accommodation in children’s code switching. In Bullock, B. & Toribio, A. J., eds., The Cambridge Handbook of Linguistic Code-switching. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 142–160.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koops, C., Gentry, E., & Pantos, A. (2008). The effect of perceived speaker age on the perception of PIN and PEN vowels in Houston, Texas. University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics, 14(2), 93–101.Google Scholar
Lindblom, B. (1990). Explaining phonetic variation: A sketch of the H and H theory. In Hardcastle, W. & Marchal, A., eds., Speech Production and Speech Modeling. Amsterdam: Kluwer, pp. 403–439.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lisker, L. & Abramson, A. (1964). A cross-language study of voicing in initial stops. Word, 20, 384–422.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Muldner, K., Hoiting, L., Sanger, L., Blumenfeld, L., & Toivonen, I. (2017). The phonetics of code-switched vowels. International Journal of Bilingualism, 19(4), 423–443.Google Scholar
Muysken, P. (2000). Bilingual Speech: A Typology of Codemixing. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Myers-Scotton, C. (1993). Dueling Languages. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Niedzielski, N. (1999). The effect of social information on the perception of sociolinguistic variables. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 18, 62–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ojeda, A., de Prada Pérez, A., & Wayland, R. (2018). Heritage speakers and their language use: A phonetic approach to code-switching. Florida Linguistics Papers, 5(1), 1–12.Google Scholar
Olson, D. J. (2012). The phonetic correlates of insertional code switching: Suprasegmental analysis and a case for hyper-articulation. Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism, 2(4), 439–457.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olson, D. J. (2016a). The role of code-switching and language context in bilingual phonetic transfer. Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 46(3), 263–285.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olson, D. J. (2016b). The impact of code-switching, language context, and language dominance on suprasegmental phonetics. International Journal of Bilingualism, 20(4), 453–472.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olson, D. J. (2016c). The gradient effect of context on language switching and lexical access in bilingual production. Applied Psycholinguistics, 37, 725–756.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olson, D. J. (2019). Phonological processes across word and language boundaries: Evidence from code-switching. Journal of Phonetics, 77, 1–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olson, D. J. (2020). Short-term sources of cross-linguistic phonetic influence: Examining the role of linguistic environment. Languages, 5(4), 43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olson, D. J. (2024). The Bilingual Code-Switching Profile (BCSP): Assessing the reliability and validity of the BCSP questionnaire. Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism 14(3), 400–433.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paradis, M. (1993). Linguistic, psycholinguistic, and neurolinguistic aspects of “interference” in bilingual speakers: The Activation Threshold Hypothesis. International Journal of Psycholinguistics, 9, 133–145.Google Scholar
Pérez Casas, M. (2008). Codeswitching and identity among island Puerto Rican bilinguals. [Doctoral dissertation, Georgetown University].Google Scholar
Piccinini, P. & Arvaniti, A. (2015). Voice onset time in Spanish-English spontaneous code-switching. Journal of Phonetics, 52, 121–137.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Piccinini, P. E. & Garellek, M. (2014). Prosodic cues to monolingual versus code-switching sentences in English and Spanish. In Campbell, N., Gibbon, D., & Hirst, D., eds., Proceedings of the 7th Speech Prosody Conference. Dublin: International Speech Communication Association, pp. 885–889.Google Scholar
Poplack, S. (2012). What does the nonce borrowing hypothesis hypothesize? Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 15(3), 644–648.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Poplack, S., Sankoff, D., & Miller, C. (1988). The social correlates and linguistic processes of lexical borrowing and assimilation. Linguistics, 26(1), 47–104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Queen, R. M. (2001). Bilingual intonation patterns: Evidence of language change from Turkish-German bilingual children. Language in Society, 30, 55–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rao, P., Pandya, M., Sabu, K., Kumar, K., & Bondale, N. (2018). A study of lexical and prosodic cues to segmentation in a Hindi-English code-switched discourse. In Proceedings of Interspeech 2018, pp. 1918–1922. https://doi.org/10.21437/Interspeech.2018-1600.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sancier, M. L. & Fowler, C. A. (1997). Gestural drift in a bilingual speaker of Brazilian Portuguese and English. Journal of Phonetics, 25(4), 421–436.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schwartz, G., Balas, A., & Rojczyk, A. (2015). Phonological factors affecting L1 phonetic realization of proficient Polish users of English. Research in Language, 13(2), 180–197.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Šimáčková, Š. & Podlipský, V. J. (2015). Immediate phonetic interference in code-switching and interpreting. In Wolters, M., Livingstone, J., Beattie, B., Smith, R., MacMahon, M., Stuart-Smith, J., & Scobbie, J. M., eds., Proceedings of the 18th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences (ICPhS 2015). Glasgow: Glasgow University. www.internationalphoneticassociation.org/icphs-proceedings/ICPhS2015/Papers/ICPHS0552.pdf.Google Scholar
Šimáčková, Š. & Podlipský, V. J. (2018). Patterns of short-term phonetic interference in bilingual speech. Languages, 3(3), 34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simonet, M. (2014). Phonetic consequences of dynamic cross-linguistic interference in proficient bilinguals. Journal of Phonetics, 43, 26–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simonet, M. & Amengual, M. (2020). Increased language co-activation leads to enhanced cross-linguistic phonetic convergence. International Journal of Bilingualism, 24(2), 208–221.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Soares, C. & Grosjean, F. (1984). Bilinguals in a monolingual and a bilingual speech mode: The effect on lexical access. Memory and Cognition, 12, 380–386.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spivey, M. J. & Marian, V. (1999). Cross talk between native and second languages: Partial activation of an irrelevant lexicon. Psychological Science, 10(3), 281–284.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Turk, A. (2010). Does prosodic constituency signal relative predictability? A smooth signal redundancy hypothesis. Journal of Laboratory Phonology, 1(2), 227–262.Google Scholar
Yow, W. Q., Tan, J. S., & Flynn, S. (2018). Code-switching as a marker of linguistic competence in bilingual children. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 21(5), 1075–1090.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zentella, A. C. (1997). Growing Up Bilingual. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar

References

Barrios, S. L. & Hayes-Harb, R. (2020). Second language learning of phonological alternations with and without orthographic input: Evidence from the acquisition of a German-like voicing alternation. Applied Psycholinguistics, 41(3), 517–545.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bassetti, B. (2006). Orthographic input and phonological representations in learners of Chinese as a foreign language. Written Language and Literacy, 9(1), 95–114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bassetti, B. (2007). Effects of hanyu pinyin on pronunciation in learners of Chinese as a foreign language. In Guder, A., Jiang, X., and Wan, Y., eds., The Cognition, Learning and Teaching of Chinese Characters. Beijing: Beijing Language and Culture University Press, pp. 155–179.Google Scholar
Bassetti, B. (2008). Orthographic input and second language phonology. In Piske, T. & Young-Scholten, M., eds., Input Matters in SLA. Bristol, UK: Multilingual Matters, pp. 191–206.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bassetti, B. (2017). Orthography affects second language speech: Double letters and geminate production in English. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 43(11), 1835–1842.Google ScholarPubMed
Bassetti, B. (2023). Effects of Orthography on Second Language Phonology: Learning, Awareness, Perception and Production. New York: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bassetti, B. & Atkinson, N. (2015). Effects of orthographic forms on pronunciation in experienced instructed second language learners. Applied Psycholinguistics, 36, 67–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bassetti, B., Cerni, T., & Masterson, J. (2022). The efficacy of grapheme-phoneme correspondence instruction in reducing the effect of orthographic forms on second language phonology. Applied Psycholinguistics, 43, 683–705.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bassetti, B., Hayes-Harb, R., & Escudero, P. (2015). Second language phonology at the interface between acoustic and orthographic input. Applied Psycholinguistics, 36(1), 1–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bassetti, B., Mairano, P., Masterson, J., & Cerni, T. (2020). Effects of orthographic forms on L2 speech production and phonological awareness, with consideration of speaker-level predictors. Language Learning, 70(4), 1218–1256.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bassetti, B., Masterson, J., Cerni, T., & Mairano, P. (2021). Orthographic forms affect speech perception in a second language: Consonant and vowel length in L2 English. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 47(12), 1583–1603.Google Scholar
Bassetti, B., Sokolović-Perović, M., Mairano, P., & Cerni, T. (2018). Orthography-induced length contrasts in the second language phonological systems of L2 speakers of English: Evidence from minimal pairs. Language and Speech, 61(4), 577–597.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Best, C. T. & Tyler, M. D. (2007). Nonnative and second-language speech perception: Commonalities and complementarities. In Munro, M. J. & Bohn, O.-S., eds., Language Experience in Second-Language Speech Learning: In Honor of James Emil Flege. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, pp. 13–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brooks, G. (2015). Dictionary of the British English Spelling System. Cambridge: OpenBook.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bürki, A., Welby, P., Clément, M., & Spinelli, E. (2019). Orthography and second language word learning: Moving beyond “friend or foe?” Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 145(4), 265–271.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Burnham, D. K. (2003). Language specific speech perception and the onset of reading. Reading and Writing, 16, 573–609.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cabanero, M. B. & Alves, U. K. (2008). A transferência grafo-fônico-fonológica na produção de seqüências ortográficas ‘ng’ do inglês (L2): uma abordagem conexionista. ReVEL, 6(11).Google Scholar
Carrasco-Ortiz, H., Amengual, M., & Gries, S. T. (2019). Cross-language effects of phonological and orthographic similarity in cognate word recognition: The role of language dominance. Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism, 11(3), 389–417.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cerni, T., Bassetti, B., & Masterson, J. (2019). Effects of orthographic forms on the acquisition of novel spoken words in a second language. Frontiers in Communication, 4. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2019.00031.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cook, V. (2016). Background to the English writing system. In Ryan, D. & Cook, V., eds., The Routledge Handbook of the English Writing System. New York: Routledge, pp. 5–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davidson, L. (2010). Phonetic bases of similarities in cross-language production: Evidence from English and Catalan. Journal of Phonetics, 38(2), 272–288.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Detey, S. & Nespoulous, J.-L. (2008). Can orthography influence second language syllabic segmentation? Japanese epenthetic vowels and French consonantal clusters. Lingua, 118(1), 66–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eckman, F. R. (2004). From phonemic differences to constraint rankings: Research on second language phonology. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 26, 513–549.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Erdener, V. D. & Burnham, D. K. (2005). The role of audiovisual speech and orthographic information in nonnative speech production. Language Learning, 55(2), 191–228.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Escudero, P. (2015). Orthography plays a limited role when learning the phonological forms of new words: The case of Spanish and English learners of novel Dutch words. Applied Psycholinguistics, 36(1), 7–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Escudero, P., Hayes-Harb, R., & Mitterer, H. (2008). Novel second-language words and asymmetric lexical access. Journal of Phonetics, 36(2), 345–360.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Escudero, P., Simon, E., & Mulak, K. E. (2014). Learning words in a new language: Orthography doesn’t always help. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 17, 384–395.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Escudero, P. & Wanrooij, K. (2010). The effect of L1 orthography on non-native vowel perception. Language and Speech, 53(3), 343–365.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Flege, J. E. & Bohn, O.-S. (2021). The revised Speech Learning Model (SLM-r). In Wayland, R., ed., Second Language Speech Learning: Theoretical and Empirical Progress. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 3–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Han, J.-I. & Kim, J.-Y. (2017). The influence of orthography on the production of alphabetic, second-language allophones by speakers of a non-alphabetic language. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 46(4), 963–982.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hayes-Harb, R. & Barrios, S. (2021). The influence of orthography in second language phonological acquisition. Language Teaching, 53(3), 297–326.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hayes-Harb, R., Bassetti, B., & Escudero, P. (2015). Orthographic effects in second language phonology [special issue]. Applied Psycholinguistics, 26(2).Google Scholar
Hayes-Harb, R., Brown, K., & Smith, B. L. (2018). Orthographic input and the acquisition of German final devoicing by native speakers of English. Language and Speech, 61(4), 547–564.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hayes-Harb, R., Nicol, J., & Barker, J. (2010). Learning the phonological forms of new words: Effects of orthographic and auditory input. Language and Speech, 53(3), 367–381.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hu, C.-F. (2008). Use orthography in L2 auditory word learning: Who benefits? Reading and Writing, 21(8), 823–841.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ijalba, E. & Obler, L. K. (2015). First language grapheme-phoneme transparency effects in adult second-language learning. Reading in a Foreign Language, 27(1), 47–70.Google Scholar
Kaushanskaya, M. & Marian, V. (2009). The bilingual advantage in novel word learning. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 16(4), 705–710.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Krepel, A., de Bree, E. H., & de Jong, P. F. (2021). Does the availability of orthography support L2 word learning? Reading and Writing, 34(2), 467–496.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mairano, P., Bassetti, B., Sokolović-Perović, M., & Cerni, T. (2018). Effects of L1 orthography and L1 phonology on L2 English pronunciation. Revue Française de Linguistique Appliquée, 23(1), 45–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mathieu, L. (2016). The influence of foreign scripts on the acquisition of a second language phonological contrast. Second Language Research, 32(2), 145–170.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mitterer, H. (2021). The role of orthography in learning a second language: Evidence from Maltese English. Xjenza Online, 9(3), 162–172.Google Scholar
Mok, P. P. K., Lee, A., Li, J. J., & Xu, R. B. (2018). Orthographic effects on the perception and production of L2 Mandarin tones. Speech Communication, 101, 1–10.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nimz, K. & Khattab, G. (2020). On the role of orthography in L2 vowel production: The case of Polish learners of German. Second Language Research, 4(36), 623–652.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pattamadilok, C., Welby, P., & Tyler, M. D. (2022). The contribution of visual articulatory gestures and orthography to speech processing: Evidence from novel word learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 48(10), 1542–1558.Google ScholarPubMed
Piske, T., Flege, J. E., MacKay, I. R. A., & Meador, D. (2002). The production of English vowels by fluent early and late Italian-English bilinguals. Phonetica, 59, 49–71.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pytlyk, C. (2011). Shared orthography: Do shared written symbols influence the perception of L2 sounds? Modern Language Journal, 54(4), 541–557.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pytlyk, C. (2017). Are orthographic effects language specific? The influence of second language orthography on second language phoneme awareness. Applied Psycholinguistics, 38(2), 233–262.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Qu, Q. & Damian, M. F. (2019). The role of orthography in second-language spoken word production: Evidence from Tibetan Chinese bilinguals. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 72(11), 2597–2604.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rafat, Y. (2015). The interaction of acoustic and orthographic input in the acquisition of Spanish assibilated/fricative rhotics. Applied Psycholinguistics, 36(1), 43–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rafat, Y. (2016). Orthography-induced transfer in the production of English-speaking learners of Spanish. Language Learning Journal, 44(2), 197–213.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rafat, Y. & Perry, S. J. (2019). Navigating orthographic issues in the teaching of Spanish pronunciation. In Rao, R., ed., Key Issues in the Teaching of Spanish Pronunciation: From Description to Pedagogy. New York: Routledge, pp. 237–253.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rafat, Y. & Stevenson, R. A. (2019). Auditory-orthographic integration at the onset of L2 speech acquisition. Language and Speech, 62(3), 427–451.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rafat, Y., Whitford, V., Joanisse, M. F., et al. (2021). First-language-specific orthographic effects in second-language speech: A comparison of Korean-English and Farsi-English bilinguals. Journal of Monolingual and Bilingual Speech, 3(1), 102–122.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shea, C. (2017). L1 English/L2 Spanish: Orthography-phonology activation without contrasts. Second Language Research, 33(2), 207–232.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sheldon, A. & Strange, W. (1982). The acquisition of /l/ and /r/ by Japanese learners of English: Evidence that speech production can precede speech perception. Applied Psycholinguistics, 3, 243–261.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Showalter, C. E. (2020). Russian phono-lexical acquisition and orthographic input: Naive learners, experienced learners, and interventions. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 42(2), 255–277.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Showalter, C. E. & Hayes-Harb, R. (2013). Unfamiliar orthographic information and second language word learning: A novel lexicon study. Second Language Research, 29(2), 185–200.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Showalter, C. E. & Hayes-Harb, R. (2015). Native English speakers learning Arabic: The influence of novel orthographic information on second language phonological acquisition. Applied Psycholinguistics, 36(1), 23–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Silveira, R. (2007). The role of task-type and orthography in the production of word-final consonants. Revista de Estudos da Linguagem, 15(1), 143–176.Google Scholar
Simon, E., Chambless, D., & Alves, U. K. (2010). Understanding the role of orthography in the acquisition of a non-native vowel contrast. Language Sciences, 32(3), 380–394.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simonchyk, A. & Darcy, I. (2018). The effect of orthography on the lexical encoding of palatalized consonants in L2 Russian. Language and Speech, 61(4), 522–546.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sokolović-Perović, M., Bassetti, B., & Dillon, S. (2020). English orthographic forms affect L2 English speech production in native users of a non-alphabetic writing system. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 23(3), 591–601.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Solier, C., Perret, C., Baqué, L., & Soum-Favaro, C. (2019). Written training tasks are better than oral training tasks at improving L2 learners’ speech production. Applied Psycholinguistics, 40(6), 1455–1480.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taft, M. (2006). Orthographically influenced abstract phonological representation: Evidence from non-rhotic speakers. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 35, 67–78.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Uchihara, T., Webb, S., Saito, K., & Trofimovich, P. (2022). Does mode of input affect how second language learners create form-meaning connections and pronounce second language words? Modern Language Journal, 106(2), 351–370.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Veivo, O., Järvikivi, J., Porretta, V., & Hyönä, J. (2016). Orthographic activation in L2 spoken word recognition depends on proficiency: Evidence from eye-tracking. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 1120.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vendelin, I. & Peperkamp, S. (2006). The influence of orthography on loanword adaptations. Lingua, 116(7), 996–1007.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vokic, G. (2011). When alphabets collide: Alphabetic first-language speakers’ approach to speech production in an alphabetic second language. Second Language Research, 27(3), 391–417.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wisniewska, N. & Mora, J. C. (2020). Can captioned video benefit second language pronunciation? Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 42(3), 599–624.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Young-Scholten, M. (1995). The negative effects of positive evidence on L2 phonology. In Eubank, L., Selinker, L., & Sharwood Smith, M., eds., The Current State of Interlanguage. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, pp. 107–122.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Young-Scholten, M. (1998). Second language syllable simplification: Deviant development or deviant input? In Allan, J. & Leather, J., eds., New Sounds ’97. Amsterdam: University of Amsterdam Press, pp. 351–360.Google Scholar
Young-Scholten, M. (2002). Orthographic input in L2 phonological development. In Burmeister, P., Piske, T., & Rohde, A., eds., An Integrated View of Language Development: Papers in Honour of Henning Wode. Wissenschaftlicher Verlag Trier, pp. 263–279.Google Scholar
Young-Scholten, M. (2004). Prosodic constraints on allophonic distribution in adult L2 acquisition. International Journal of Bilingualism, 8(1), 67–77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Young-Scholten, M. & Langer, M. (2015). The role of orthographic input in second language German: Evidence from naturalistic adult learners’ production. Applied Psycholinguistics, 36(1), 93–114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zampini, M. L. (1994). The role of native language transfer and task formality in the acquisition of Spanish spirantization. Hispania, 77(3), 470–481.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, J., Li, H., & Liu, Y. (2021). The influence of orthography on oral vocabulary acquisition in learners of Chinese as a second language. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 43(5), 1157–1172.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ziegler, J. C. & Ferrand, L. (1998). Orthography shapes the perception of speech: The consistency effect in auditory word recognition. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 5, 683–689.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

References

Ahn, S., Chang, C. B., DeKeyser, R., & Lee-Ellis, S. (2017). Age effects in first language attrition: Speech perception by Korean-English bilinguals. Language Learning, 67(3), 694–733.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alkhudidi, A., Stevenson, R., & Rafat, Y. (2020). Geminate attrition in the speech of Arabic-English bilinguals living in Canada. Heritage Language Journal, 17(1), 1–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baese-Berk, M. M. (2019). Interactions between speech perception and production during learning of novel phonemic categories. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 81, 981–1005.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baker, W. & Trofimovich, P. (2005). Interaction of native- and second-language vowel system(s) in early and late bilinguals. Language and Speech, 48(1), 1–27.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Barrientos, F. (2023). On segmental representations in second language phonology: A perceptual account. Second Language Research, 39(1), 259–285.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beach, E. F., Burnham, D., & Kitamura, C. (2001). Bilingualism and the relationship between perception and production: Greek/English bilinguals and Thai bilabial stops. International Journal of Bilingualism, 5(2), 221–235.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bergmann, C., Nota, A., Sprenger, S. A., & Schmid, M. S. (2016). L2 immersion causes non-native-like L1 pronunciation in German attriters. Journal of Phonetics, 58(Supp. C), 71–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Best, C. T. (1995). A direct realist view of cross-language speech perception. In Strange, W., ed., Speech Perception and Linguistic Experience: Issues in Cross-Language Research. Baltimore, MD: York Press, pp. 171–204.Google Scholar
Best, C. T. & Tyler, M. D. (2007). Nonnative and second-language speech perception: Commonalities and complementarities. In Bohn, O.-S. & Munro, M. J., eds., Language Experience in Second Language Speech Learning: In Honor of James Emil Flege. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, pp. 13–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bybee, J. (2002). Word frequency and context of use in the lexical diffusion of phonetically conditioned sound change. Language Variation and Change, 14(3), 261–290.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Caramazza, A., Yeni‐Komshian, G. H., Zurif, E. B., & Carbone, E. (1973). The acquisition of a new phonological contrast: The case of stop consonants in French‐English bilinguals. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 54(2), 421–428.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Celata, C. (2019). Phonological attrition. In Schmid, M. S. & Köpke, B., eds., The Oxford Handbook of Language Attrition. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 218–227.Google Scholar
Chambers, J. K. & Trudgill, P. (1998). Dialectology, 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chang, C. B. (2012). Rapid and multifaceted effects of second-language learning on first-language speech production. Journal of Phonetics, 40(2), 249–268.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chang, C. B. (2013). A novelty effect in phonetic drift of the native language. Journal of Phonetics, 41(6), 520–533.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chang, C. B. (2019a). Language change and linguistic inquiry in a world of multicompetence: Sustained phonetic drift and its implications for behavioral linguistic research. Journal of Phonetics, 74, 96–113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chang, C. B. (2019b). Phonetic drift. In Schmid, M. S. & Köpke, B., eds., The Oxford Handbook of Language Attrition. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 191–203.Google Scholar
Chang, C. B. & Ahn, S. (2023). Examining the role of phoneme frequency in first language perceptual attrition. Languages, 8(1), 53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chang, C. B., Yao, Y., Haynes, E. F., & Rhodes, R. (2011). Production of phonetic and phonological contrast by heritage speakers of Mandarin. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 129(6), 3964–3980.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cheng, H.-S., Niziolek, C. A., Buchwald, A., & McAllister, T. (2021). Examining the relationship between speech perception, production distinctness, and production variability. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 15, 660948.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cheshire, J. (2020). Taking the longer view: Explaining Multicultural London English and Multicultural Paris French. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 24(3), 308–327.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cheshire, J., Kerswill, P., Fox, S., & Torgersen, E. (2011). Contact, the feature pool and the speech community: The emergence of Multicultural London English. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 15(2), 151–196.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chomsky, N. (1965). Aspects of the Theory of Syntax. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Cook, V. J. (1992). Evidence for multicompetence. Language Learning, 42(4), 557–591.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cook, V. [J.] (2003). The changing L1 in the L2 user’s mind. In Cook, V., ed., Effects of the Second Language on the First. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters, pp. 1–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coupland, N. (1984). Accommodation at work: Some phonological data and their implications. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 46, 49–70.Google Scholar
De Bot, K. & Clyne, M. (1994). A 16‐year longitudinal study of language attrition in Dutch immigrants in Australia. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 15(1), 17–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Bot, K., Lowie, W., & Verspoor, M. (2007). A dynamic systems theory approach to second language acquisition. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 10(1), 7–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Leeuw, E. (2019a). Phonetic attrition. In Schmid, M. S. and Köpke, B., eds., The Oxford Handbook of Language Attrition. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 204–217.Google Scholar
De Leeuw, E. (2019b). Native speech plasticity in the German-English late bilingual Stefanie Graf: A longitudinal study over four decades. Journal of Phonetics, 73, 24–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Leeuw, E. & Celata, C. (2019). Plasticity of native phonetic and phonological domains in the context of bilingualism. Journal of Phonetics, 75, 88–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Leeuw, E., Kapia, E., & Lewis, S. (2023). Sound change in Albanian monolinguals and Albanian-English sequential bilingual returnees in Tirana, Albania. Languages, 8(1), 80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Leeuw, E., Mennen, I., & Scobbie, J. M. (2012). Singing a different tune in your native language: First language attrition of prosody. International Journal of Bilingualism, 16(1), 101–116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Leeuw, E., Mennen, I., & Scobbie, J. M. (2013). Dynamic systems, maturational constraints and L1 phonetic attrition. International Journal of Bilingualism, 17(6), 683–700.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Leeuw, E., Opitz, C., & Lubinska, D. (2013). Dynamics of first language attrition across the lifespan. International Journal of Bilingualism, 17(6), 667–674.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Leeuw, E., Schmid, M. S., & Mennen, I. (2010). The effects of contact on native language pronunciation in an L2 migrant setting. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 13, 33–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Leeuw, E., Stockall, L., Lazaridou-Chatzigoga, D., & Gorba Masip, C. (2021). Illusory vowels in Spanish-English sequential bilinguals: Evidence that accurate L2 perception is neither necessary nor sufficient for accurate L2 production. Second Language Research, 37(4), 587–618.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Leeuw, E., Tusha, A., & Schmid, M. S. (2018). Individual phonological attrition in Albanian-English late bilinguals. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 21(2), 278–295.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dmitrieva, O., Jongman, A., & Sereno, J. (2010). Phonological neutralization by native and non-native speakers: The case of Russian final devoicing. Journal of Phonetics, 38(3), 483–492.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dmitrieva, O., Jongman, A., & Sereno, J. A. (2020). The effect of instructed second language learning on the acoustic properties of first language speech. Languages, 5, 44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Escudero, P. (2005). Linguistic perception and second language acquisition: Explaining the attainment of optimal phonological categorization. [Doctoral dissertation, University of Utrecht].Google Scholar
Escudero, P. (2009). The linguistic perception of similar L2 sounds. In Boersma, P. & Hamann, S., eds., Phonology in Perception. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 151–190.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Evans, B. G. & Iverson, P. (2007). Plasticity in vowel perception and production: A study of accent change in young adults. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 121(6), 3814–3826.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Flege, J. E. (1987). The production of “new” and “similar” phones in a foreign language: Evidence for the effect of equivalence classification. Journal of Phonetics, 15, 47–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flege, J. E. (1995). Second language speech learning: Theory, findings, and problems. In Strange, W., ed., Speech Perception and Linguistic Experience: Issues in Cross-Language Research. Baltimore, MD: York Press, pp. 233–272.Google Scholar
Flege, J. E. & Bohn, O.-S. (2021). The revised Speech Learning Model (SLM-r). In Wayland, R., ed., Second Language Speech Learning: Theoretical and Empirical Progress. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 3–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flege, J. E. & Eefting, W. (1987). Cross-language switching in stop consonant perception and production by Dutch speakers of English. Speech Communication, 6(3), 185–202.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fox, S. (2015). The New Cockney: New Ethnicities and Adolescent Speech in the Traditional East End of London. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Fox, S. & Torgersen, E. (2018). Language change and innovation in London: Multicultural London English. In Braber, N. & Jansen, S., eds., Sociolinguistics in England. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 189–213.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gahl, S. & Baayen, R. H. (2019). Twenty-eight years of vowels: Tracking phonetic variation through young to middle age adulthood. Journal of Phonetics, 74, 42–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Giles, H., Coupland, N., & Coupland, J. (1991). Accommodation theory: Communication, context, and consequence. In Giles, H., Coupland, J., & Coupland, N., eds., Contexts of Accommodation: Developments in Applied Sociolinguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 1–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gorba Masip, C. & Cebrian, J. (2021). The role of L2 experience in L1 and L2 perception and production of voiceless stops by English learners of Spanish. Journal of Phonetics, 88, 101094.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greenwood, M. L. & de Leeuw, S. N. (2012). Social determinants of health and the future well-being of Aboriginal children in Canada. Paediatrics & Child Health, 17(7), 381–384.Google ScholarPubMed
Grosjean, F. (1998). Studying bilinguals: Methodological and conceptual issues. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 1(2), 131–149.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harrington, J. (2006). An acoustic analysis of “happy-tensing” in the Queen’s Christmas broadcasts. Journal of Phonetics, 34(4), 439–457.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haugen, E. (1966). Dialect, language, nation. American Anthropologist, 68(4), 922–935.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hay, J., Jannedy, S., & Mendoza-Denton, N. (1999). Oprah and /ay/: Lexical frequency, referee design and style. In Ohala, J. J., Hasegawa, Y., Ohala, M., Granville, D., & Bailey, A. C., eds., Proceedings of the 14th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences. International Phonetic Association, pp. 1389–1392. www.internationalphoneticassociation.org/icphs-proceedings/ICPhS1999/papers/p14_1389.pdf.Google Scholar
Hay, J. B., Pierrehumbert, J. B., Walker, A. J., & LaShell, P. (2015). Tracking word frequency effects through 130 years of sound change. Cognition, 139, 83–91.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Herd, W. J., Walden, R. L., Knight, W. L., & Alexander, S. N. (2015). Phonetic drift in a first language dominant environment. Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics, 23(1), 060005.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hopp, H. & Schmid, M. S. (2013). Perceived foreign accent in first language attrition and second language acquisition: The impact of age of acquisition and bilingualism. Applied Psycholinguistics, 34(2), 361–394.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hulsen, M. (2000). Language loss and language processing: Three generations of Dutch migrants in New Zealand. [Doctoral dissertation, Katholieke Universiteit Nijmegen].Google Scholar
Jarvis, S. (2003). Probing the effects of the L2 on the L1: A case study. In Cook, V., ed., Effects of the Second Language on the First. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters, pp. 81–102.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kartushina, N. & Frauenfelder, U. H. (2014). On the effects of L2 perception and of individual differences in L1 production on L2 pronunciation. Frontiers in Psychology, 5, 2014.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kartushina, N., Hervais-Adelman, A., Frauenfelder, U. H., & Golestani, N. (2016). Mutual influences between native and non-native vowels in production: Evidence from short-term visual articulatory feedback training. Journal of Phonetics, 57, 21–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kartushina, N. & Martin, C. D. (2019). Third-language learning affects bilinguals’ production in both their native languages: A longitudinal study of dynamic changes in L1, L2 and L3 vowel production. Journal of Phonetics, 77, 100920.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kellogg, J. & Chang, C. B. (2023). Exploring the onset of phonetic drift in voice onset time perception. Languages, 8(1), 78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kim, M. (2009). Phonetic accommodation in conversations between native and non-native speakers. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 125(4), 2764.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Köpke, B. (2004). Neurolinguistic aspects of attrition. Journal of Neurolinguistics, 17(1), 3–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Köpke, B. & Schmid, M. S. (2004). Language attrition: The next phase. In Schmid, M. S., Köpke, B., Keijzer, M., & Weilemar, L., eds., First Language Attrition: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Methodological Issues. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, pp. 1–46.Google Scholar
Labov, W. (1971). The study of language in its social context. In Fishman, J. A., ed., Advances in the Sociology of Language. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 152–216.Google Scholar
Lang, B. & Davidson, L. (2019). Effects of exposure and vowel space distribution on phonetic drift: Evidence from American English learners of French. Language and Speech, 62(1), 30–60.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Larsen-Freeman, D. (2005). Second language acquisition and the issue of fossilization: There is no end, and there is no state. In Han, Z. & Odlin, T., eds., Studies of Fossilization in Second Language Acquisition. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters, pp. 189–200.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lenneberg, E. H. (1969). On explaining language. Science, 164(3880), 635–643.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lev-Ari, S. & Peperkamp, S. (2013). Low inhibitory skill leads to non-native perception and production in bilinguals’ native language. Journal of Phonetics, 41(5), 320–331.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Linck, J. A., Kroll, J. F., & Sunderman, G. (2009). Losing access to the native language while immersed in a second language: Evidence for the role of inhibition in second-language learning. Psychological Science, 20(12), 1507–1515.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Major, R. C. (1992). Losing English as a first language. Modern Language Journal, 76(2), 190–208.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marzo, S. (2016). Exploring the social meaning of contemporary urban vernaculars: Perceptions and attitudes about Citétaal in Flanders. International Journal of Bilingualism, 20(5), 501–521.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mayr, R., Price, S., & Mennen, I. (2012). First language attrition in the speech of Dutch-English bilinguals: The case of monozygotic twin sisters. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 15(4), 687–700.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Melnik-Leroy, G. A., Turnbull, R., & Peperkamp, S. (2021). On the relationship between perception and production of L2 sounds: Evidence from Anglophones’ processing of the French /u/–/y/ contrast. Second Language Research, 38(3), 581–605.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mennen, I. (2004). Bi-directional interference in the intonation of Dutch speakers of Greek. Journal of Phonetics, 32(4), 543–563.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mennen, I. (2015). Beyond segments: Towards a L2 intonation learning theory. In Delais-Roussarie, E., Avanzi, M., & Herment, S., eds., Prosody and Language in Contact: L2 Acquisition, Attrition and Languages in Multilingual Situations. Berlin: Springer, pp. 171–188.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meyerhoff, M. (2011). Introducing Sociolinguistics, 2nd ed. Abingdon, UK: Routledge.Google Scholar
Munro, M. J., Derwing, T. M., & Flege, J. E. (1999). Canadians in Alabama: A perceptual study of dialect acquisition in adults. Journal of Phonetics, 27(4), 385–403.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nodari, R., Celata, C., & Nagy, N. (2019). Socio-indexical phonetic features in the heritage language context: Voiceless stop aspiration in the Calabrian community in Toronto. Journal of Phonetics, 73, 91–112.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nycz, J. (2015). Second dialect acquisition: A sociophonetic perspective. Language and Linguistics Compass, 9(11), 469–482.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oh, J. S., Au, T. K., & Jun, S.-A. (2010). Early childhood language memory in the speech perception of international adoptees. Journal of Child Language, 37(5), 1123–1132.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Oxbury, R. & de Leeuw, E. (2020). Style-shifting in Multicultural London English in an all-girls homework club: A group of 11-year-old girls in Hackney change their pronunciations of the innovative Multicultural London English diphthongs according to the speech context. English Today, 36(3), 59–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paradis, M. (2004). A Neurolinguistic Theory of Bilingualism. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paradis, M. (2007). L1 attrition features predicted by a neurolinguistic theory of bilingualism. In Köpke, B., Schmid, M. S., Keijzer, M., & Dostert, S., eds., Language Attrition: A Theoretical Perspective. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, pp. 121–134.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Passoni, E., Mehrabi, A., Levon, E., & de Leeuw, E. (2018). Bilingualism, pitch range and social factors: Preliminary results from sequential Japanese-English bilinguals. In Klessa, K., Bachan, J., Wagner, A., Karpiński, M., and Śledziński, D., eds., Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Speech Prosody. International Speech Communication Association, pp. 384–388. https://doi.org/10.21437/SpeechProsody.2018-78.Google Scholar
Rubinstein, J. S., Meyer, D. E., & Evans, J. E. (2001). Executive control of cognitive processes in task switching. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 27(4), 763–797.Google ScholarPubMed
Sancier, M. L. & Fowler, C. A. (1997). Gestural drift in a bilingual speaker of Brazilian Portuguese and English. Journal of Phonetics, 25(4), 421–436.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sankoff, G. (2004). Adolescents, young adults and the critical period: Two case studies from “Seven Up.” In Fought, C., ed., Sociolinguistic Variation: Critical Reflections. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 121–139.Google Scholar
Schmid, M. S. (2011). Language Attrition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schuerman, W. L., Meyer, A., & McQueen, J. M. (2015). Do we perceive others better than ourselves? A perceptual benefit for noise-vocoded speech produced by an average speaker. PLoS ONE, 10(7), e0129731.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sheldon, A. & Strange, W. (1982). The acquisition of /r/ and /l/ by Japanese learners of English: Evidence that speech production can precede speech perception. Applied Psycholinguistics, 3(3), 243–261.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shockey, L. (1984). All in a flap: Long-term accommodation in phonology. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 1984(46), 87–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
So, C. K. & Best, C. T. (2010). Cross-language perception of non-native tonal contrasts: Effects of native phonological and phonetic influences. Language and Speech, 53(2), 273–293.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sterud Miller, D. (2019). Indigenous language revitalization on Puyallup territory. In Denham, K., ed., Northwest Voices: Language and Culture in the Pacific Northwest. Corvallis: Oregon State University Press, pp. 81–92.Google Scholar
Sundara, M., Polka, L., & Baum, S. (2006). Production of coronal stops by simultaneous bilingual adults. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 9(1), 97–114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tice, M. & Woodley, M. (2012). Paguettes and bastries: Novice French learners show shifts in native phoneme boundaries. UC Berkeley Phonology Lab Annual Report, 8, 72–75.Google Scholar
Tobin, S. J., Nam, H., & Fowler, C. A. (2017). Phonetic drift in Spanish-English bilinguals: Experiment and a self-organizing model. Journal of Phonetics, 65, 45–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Turner, J. (2022). Analysing the relationship between L2 production and different stages of L2 processing: Eye-tracking and acoustic evidence for a novel contrast. Journal of Phonetics, 91, 101134.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Turner, J. (2023). Phonetic development of an L2 vowel system and tandem drift in the L1: A residence abroad and L1 re-immersion study. Language and Speech, 66(3), 756–785.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tyler, M. D., Best, C. T., Faber, A., & Levitt, A. G. (2014). Perceptual assimilation and discrimination of non-native vowel contrasts. Phonetica, 71(1), 4–21.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ulbrich, C. & Ordin, M. (2014). Can L2-English influence L1-German? The case of post-vocalic /r/. Journal of Phonetics, 45, 26–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wode, H. (1999). Perception and production in early L1 acquisition and some theoretical implications. In Ohala, J. J., Hasegawa, Y., Ohala, M., Granville, D., & Bailey, A. C., eds., Proceedings of the 14th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences. International Phonetic Association, pp. 1265–1268.Google Scholar
Yao, Y. & Chang, C. B. (2016). On the cognitive basis of contact-induced sound change: Vowel merger reversal in Shanghainese. Language, 92(2), 433–467.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zampini, M. L. (1998). The relationship between the production and perception of L2 Spanish stops. Texas Papers in Foreign Language Education, 3(3), 85–100.Google Scholar

References

Babel, M. (2009). Phonetic and social selectivity in speech accommodation. [Doctoral dissertation, University of California, Berkeley].Google Scholar
Bent, T. & Baese-Berk, M. (2021). Perceptual learning of accented speech. In Pardo, J. S., Nygaard, L. C., Remez, R. E., & Pisoni, D. B., eds., The Handbook of Speech Perception, 2nd ed. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, pp. 428–464.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bent, T. & Bradlow, A. R. (2003). The interlanguage speech intelligibility benefit. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 114(3), 1600–1610.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Blasingame, M. & Bradlow, A. R. (2020). Early versus extended exposure in speech perception learning: Evidence from switched-dominance bilinguals. Languages, 5(4), 39.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Blasingame, M. & Bradlow, A. R. (2021). Intelligibility of first-language (L1) and second-language (L2) speech by switched-dominance Spanish-English bilinguals. JASA Express Letters, 1(3), 035201.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Borghini, G. & Hazan, V. (2018). Listening effort during sentence processing is increased for non-native listeners: A pupillometry study. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 12, 152.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Borghini, G. & Hazan, V. (2020). Effects of acoustic and semantic cues on listening effort during native and non-native speech perception. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 147(6), 3783–3794.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Borrie, S. A., McAuliffe, M. J., & Liss, J. M. (2012). Perceptual learning of dysarthric speech: A review of experimental studies. Journal of Speech Language Hearing Research, 55(1), 290–305.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bradlow, A. R. & Alexander, J. (2007). Semantic and phonetic enhancements for speech-in-noise recognition by native and non-native listeners. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 121(4), 2339–2349.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bradlow, A. R & Bent, T. (2002). The clear speech effect for non-native listeners. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 112(1), 272–284.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bradlow, A. R. & Bent, T. (2008). Perceptual adaptation to non-native speech. Cognition, 106(2), 707–729.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bradlow, A. R. & Pisoni, D. B. (1999). Recognition of spoken words by native and non-native listeners: Talker-, listener-, and item-related factors. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 106(4), 2074–2085.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brouwer, S., Van Engen, K. J., Calandruccio, L., & Bradlow, A. R. (2012). Linguistic contributions to speech-on-speech masking for native and non-native listeners: Language familiarity and semantic content. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 131(2), 1449–1464.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bruggeman, L. & Cutler, A. (2020). No L1 privilege in talker adaptation. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 23(3), 681–693.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burnham, D., Kitamura, C., & Vollmer-Conna, U. (2002). What’s new, Pussycat? On talking to babies and animals. Science, 296(5572), 1435–1435.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Calandruccio, L., Dhar, S., & Bradlow, A. R. (2010). Speech-on-speech masking with variable access to the linguistic content of the masker speech. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 128(2), 860–869.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cooke, M., García Lecumberri, M. L., & Barker, J. (2008). The foreign language cocktail party problem: Energetic and informational masking effects in non-native speech perception. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 123(1), 414–427.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Costa, A., Pickering, M. J., & Sorace, A. (2008). Alignment in second language dialogue. Language and Cognitive Processes, 23(4), 528–556.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Drozdova, P., van Hout, R., & Scharenborg, O. (2016). Lexically-guided perceptual learning in non-native listening. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 19(5), 914–920.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Francis, A. L. & Love, J. (2020). Listening effort: Are we measuring cognition or affect, or both? WIREs Cognitive Science, 11, e1514.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
French, N. R. & Steinberg, J. C. (1947). Factors governing the intelligibility of speech sounds. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 19, 90–119.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
García Lecumberri, M. L., Cooke, M., & Cutler, A. (2010). Non-native speech perception in adverse conditions: A review. Speech Communication, 52(11–12), 864–886.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Granlund, S., Hazan, V., & Baker, R. (2012). An acoustic–phonetic comparison of the clear speaking styles of Finnish-English late bilinguals. Journal of Phonetics, 40(3), 509–520.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hayes-Harb, R., Smith, B. L., Bent, T., & Bradlow, A. R. (2008). The interlanguage speech intelligibility benefit for native speakers of Mandarin: Production and perception of English word-final voicing contrasts. Journal of Phonetics, 36, 4, 664–679.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hazan, V. & Baker, R. (2011). Acoustic-phonetic characteristics of speech produced with communicative intent to counter adverse listening conditions. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 130(4), 2139–2152.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hazan, V., Grynpas, J., & Baker, R. (2012). Is clear speech tailored to counter the effect of specific adverse listening conditions? Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 132(5), EL371–EL377.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hazan, V., Tuomainen, O., & Pettinato, M. (2016). Suprasegmental characteristics of spontaneous speech produced in good and challenging communicative conditions by talkers aged 9–14 years. Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, 59, S1569–S1607.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hazan, V., Tuomainen, O., & Taschenberger, L. (2019). Subjective evaluation of communicative effort for younger and older adults in interactive tasks with energetic and informational masking. In Kubin, G. and Kačič, Z., eds., Proceedings of the 20th Annual Conference of the International Speech Communication Association – INTERSPEECH 2019. International Speech Communication Association (ISCA), pp. 3098–3102.Google Scholar
Hazan, V., Tuomainen, O., Tu, L., et al. (2018). How do aging and age-related hearing loss affect the ability to communicate effectively in challenging communicative conditions? Hearing Research, 369, 33–41.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hazan, V., Uther, M., & Grunland, S. (2015). How does foreigner-directed speech differ from other forms of listener-directed clear speaking styles? In Wolters, M., Livingstone, J., Beattie, B., Smith, R., MacMahon, M., Stuart-Smith, J., & Scobbie, J. M., eds., Proceedings of the 18th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences (ICPhS 2015). Glasgow: Glasgow University. www.internationalphoneticassociation.org/icphs-proceedings/ICPhS2015/Papers/ICPHS0346.pdf.Google Scholar
Hwang, J., Brennan, S. E., & Huffman, M. K. (2015). Phonetic adaptation in non-native spoken dialogue: Effects of priming and audience design. Journal of Memory and Language, 81, 72–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Imai, S., Walley, A. C., & Flege, J. E. (2005). Lexical frequency and neighborhood density effects on the recognition of native and Spanish-accented words by native English and Spanish listeners. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 117(2), 896.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Keerstock, S. & Smiljanic, R. (2018). Effects of intelligibility on within‐ and cross‐modal sentence recognition memory for native and non‐native listeners. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 144(5), 2871–2881.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Keerstock, S. & Smiljanic, R. (2019). Speaking clearly improves listeners’ recall. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 146(6), 4604–4610.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kim, M., Horton, W., & Bradlow, A. R. (2011). Phonetic accommodation between native and non-native speakers. Journal of Laboratory Phonology, 2, 125–156.Google Scholar
Levis, J. M. (2005). Changing contexts and shifting paradigms in pronunciation teaching. TESOL Quarterly, 39(3), 369–377.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levis, J. M. (2020). Revisiting the intelligibility and nativeness principles. Journal of Second Language Pronunciation, 6(3), 310–328.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lewandowski, N. & Dogil, G. (2010). Identity negotiation in native–nonnative dialogs: Quantifying phonetic adaptation. In De Cillia, R., Gruber, H., Krzyzanowski, M., & Menz, F., eds., Diskurs – Politik – Identität (Discourse – Politics – Identity): Festschrift für Ruth Wodak. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 389–399.Google Scholar
Mamun, N., Zilany, M. S. A., Hansen, J. H. L., & Davies-Venn, E. E. (2021). An intrusive method for estimating speech intelligibility from noisy and distorted signals. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 150, 1762–1778.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mattys, S., Davis, M., Bradlow, A. R., & Scott, S. (2012). Speech recognition in adverse conditions: A review. Language and Cognitive Processes, 27(7/8), 953–978.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mattys, S. L. & Liss, J. M. (2008). On building models of spoken-word recognition: When there is as much to learn from natural “oddities” as from artificial normality. Perception & Psychophysics, 70, 1235–1242.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mayo, L. H., Florentine, M., & Buus, S. (1997). Age of second-language acquisition and perception of speech in noise. Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, 40(3), 686–693.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McGarrigle, R. A., Rakusen, L., & Mattys, S. (2020). Effortful listening under the microscope: Examining relations between pupillometric and subjective markers of effort and tiredness from listening. Psychophysiology, 58(1), e13703.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McLaughlin, D. J., Baese-Berk, M. M., Bent, T., Borrie, S. A., & Van Engen, K. J. (2018). Coping with adversity: Individual differences in the perception of noisy and accented speech. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 80(6), 1559–1570.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Munro, M. J. (1998). The effects of noise on the intelligibility of foreign-accented speech. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 20, 139–153.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Munro, M. J. & Derwing, T. M. (1995). Foreign accent, comprehensibility, and intelligibility in the speech of second language learners. Language Learning, 45, 73–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Munro, M. J. & Derwing, T. M. (2020). Foreign accent, comprehensibility and intelligibility, redux. Journal of Second Language Pronunciation, 6, 283–309.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Müsch, H. & Buus, S. (2001). Sensitivity (SRS) model. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 109, 2896–2909.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nash, R. (1969). Intonational interference in the speech of Puerto Rican bilinguals. Journal of English, 4, 1–42.Google Scholar
Nielsen, K. (2011). Specificity and abstractness of VOT imitation. Journal of Phonetics, 39(2), 132–142.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olmstead, A. J., Lee, J., & Viswanathan, N. (2020). The role of the speaker, the listener, and their joint contributions during communicative interactions: A tripartite view of intelligibility in individuals with dysarthria. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 63, 1106–1114.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Olmstead, A. J., Viswanathan, N., Aivar, M. P., & Manuel, S. (2013). Comparison of native and non-native phone imitation by English and Spanish speakers. Frontiers in Psychology, 4, 475.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Olmstead, A. J., Viswanathan, N., Cowan, T., & Yang, K. (2021). Phonetic adaptation in interlocutors with mismatched language backgrounds: A case for a phonetic synergy account. Journal of Phonetics, 87, 101054.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pardo, J. S. (2006). On phonetic convergence during conversational interaction. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 119(4), 2382–2393.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pardo, J. S., Jay, I. C., & Krauss, R. M. (2010). Conversational role influences speech imitation. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 72(8), 2254–2264.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pardo, J. S., Pellegrino, E., Dellwo, V., & Möbius, B., eds. (2022). Special issue: Vocal accommodation in speech communication. Journal of Phonetics, 95, 101196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wocn.2022.101196.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pardo, J. S., Urmanche, A., Wilman, S., & Wiener, J. (2017). Phonetic convergence across multiple measures and model talkers. Attention Perception & Psychophysics, 79, 637–659.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pinet, M., Iverson, P., & Huckvale, M. (2011). Second-language experience and speech-in-noise recognition: Effects of talker–listener accent similarity. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 130(3), 1653–1662.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reinisch, E., Weber, A., & Mitterer, H. (2013). Listeners retune phoneme categories across languages. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 39, 75–86.Google ScholarPubMed
Rogers, C. L., Dalby, J., & Nishi, K. (2004). Effects of noise and proficiency on intelligibility of Chinese-accented English. Language and Speech, 47(2), 139–154.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Scharenborg, O. & van Os, M. (2019). Why listening in background noise is harder in a non-native language than in a native language: A review. Speech Communication, 108, 53–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schertz, J., Cho, T., Lotto, A., & Warner, N. (2016). Individual differences in perceptual adaptability of foreign sound categories. Attention Perception & Psychophysics, 78, 355–367.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shu, C., Wilson, I., & Perkins., J. (2016). Revisiting the interlanguage speech intelligibility benefit. In Carignan, C. & Tyler, M. D., eds., Proceedings of the 16th Australasian International Conference on Speech Science and Technology. Canberra: Australasian Speech Science and Technology Association, pp. 157–160.Google Scholar
Smiljanic, R. (2021). Clear speech perception: Linguistic and cognitive benefits. In Pardo, J. S., Nygaard, L. C., Remez, R. E., & Pisoni, D. B., eds., The Handbook of Speech Perception, 2nd ed. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, pp. 177–205.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smiljanic, R. & Bradlow, A. R. (2009). Speaking and hearing clearly: Talker and listener factors in speaking style changes. Language and Linguistics Compass, 3, 236–264.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smiljanic, R. & Bradlow, A. R. (2011). Bidirectional clear speech perception benefit for native and high‐proficiency non‐native talker‐listeners: Intelligibility and accentedness. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 130(6), 4020–4031.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Steeneken, H. J. M. & Houtgast, T. (1982). Some applications of the speech transmission index (STI) in auditoria. Acta Acustica United with Acustica, 51(4), 229–234.Google Scholar
Stibbard, R. M. & Lee, J.-I. (2006). Evidence against the mismatched interlanguage speech intelligibility benefit hypothesis. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 120(1), 433.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stringer, L. & Iverson, P. (2019). Accent intelligibility differences in noise across native and nonnative accents: Effects of talker–listener pairing at acoustic–phonetic and lexical levels. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 62, 1–14.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Strori, D., Bradlow, A. R., & Souza, P. E. (2020). Recognition of foreign-accented speech in noise: The interplay between talker intelligibility and linguistic structure. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 147(6), 3765–3782.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tamati, T. N. & Pisoni, D. B. (2014). Non-native listeners’ recognition of high-variability speech using PRESTO. Journal of the American Academy of Audiology, 25(9), 869–892.Google ScholarPubMed
Tuomainen, O., Taschenberger, L., Rosen, S., & Hazan, V. (2021). Speech modifications in interactive speech: Effects of age, sex and noise type. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 377(1841), 20200398.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Uchanski, R. M. (2005). Clear speech. In Pisoni, D. B. & Remez, R., eds., The Handbook of Speech Perception. Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 207–235.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Uther, M., Knoll, M. A., & Burnham, D. (2007). Do you speak E-NG-LI-SH? A comparison of foreigner-and infant-directed speech. Speech Communication, 49(1), 2–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Engen, K. J., Baese-Berk, M., Baker, R. E., et al. (2010). The Wildcat Corpus of Native- and Foreign-Accented English: Communicative efficiency across conversational dyads with varying language alignment profiles. Language & Speech, 53(4), 510–540.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Van Engen, K. J. & Bradlow, A. R. (2007). Sentence recognition in native-and foreign-language multi-talker background noise. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 121(1), 519–526.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Van Engen, K. J. & Peelle, J. E. (2014). Listening effort and accented speech. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 8, 577.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Van Wijngaarden, S. J. (2001). Intelligibility of native and nonnative Dutch speech. Speech Communication, 35(1), 103–113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Wijngaarden, S. J., Bronkhorst, A. W., Houtgast, T., & Steeneken, H. J. M. (2004). Using the Speech Transmission Index for predicting non-native speech intelligibility. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 115, 1281–1291.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Van Wijngaarden, S. J., Steeneken, H. J. M., & Houtgast, T. (2002). Quantifying the intelligibility of speech in noise for non-native listeners. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 111, 1906–1916.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wang, H. & van Heuven, V. J. (2015). The interlanguage speech intelligibility benefit as bias toward native-language phonology. i-Perception, 6(6), 2041669515613661.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weber, A., Broersma, M., & Aoyagi, M. (2011). Spoken-word recognition in foreign-accented speech by L2 listeners. Journal of Phonetics, 39(4), 479–491.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weinreich, U. (1953). Languages in Contact: Findings and Problems. The Hague: Mouton.Google Scholar
Winn, M. B. & Teece, K. H. (2021). Listening effort is not the same as speech intelligibility score. Trends in Hearing, 25, 23312165211027688.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xie, X. & Fowler, C. A. (2013). Listening with a foreign-accent: The interlanguage speech intelligibility benefit in Mandarin speakers of English. Journal of Phonetics, 41(5), 369–378.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Xie, X., Liu, L., & Jaeger, T. F. (2021). Cross-talker generalization in the perception of nonnative speech: A large-scale replication. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 150(11), e22–e56.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

References

Anderson, S. F. & Maxwell, S. E. (2017). Addressing the “Replication Crisis”: Using original studies to design replication studies with appropriate statistical power. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 52, 305–324.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Antoniou, M., Best, C. T., Tyler, M. T., & Kroos, C. (2010). Language context elicits native-like stop voicing in early bilinguals’ productions in both L1 and L2. Journal of Phonetics, 38, 640–653.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bak, T. (2016). Cooking pasta in La Paz: Bilingualism, bias and the replication crisis. Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism, 6, 699–717.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baker, R. & Hazan, V. (2011). DiapixUK: Task materials for the elicitation of multiple spontaneous speech dialogs. Behavior Research Methods, 43, 761–770.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bates, D., Mächler, M., Bolker, B., & Walker, S. (2015). Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4. Journal of Statistical Software, 67, 1–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bell, A. (2001). Back in style: Reworking audience design. In Eckert, P. & Rickford, J., eds., Style and Sociolinguistic Variation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 139–169.Google Scholar
Birdsong, D. (2003). Authenticité de prononciation en français L2 chez des apprenants tardifs anglophones: Analyses segmentales e globales. Acquisition et Interaction en Langue Étrangère, 18, 17–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bond, Z. S. & Moore, T. J. (1994). A note on the acoustic-phonetic characteristics of inadvertently clear speech. Speech Communication, 14, 325–337.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bradlow, A. R., Blasingame, M., & Lee, K. (2018). Language independent talker specificity in bilingual speech intelligibility: Individual traits persist across first-language and second-language speech. Laboratory Phonology: Journal of the Association for Laboratory Phonology, 9(1), 1–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clayards, M. (2018). Individual talkers and token covariation in the production of multiple cues to stop voicing. Phonetica, 75, 1–23.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Clopper, C. G., Pisoni, D. B., & de Jong, K. (2005). Acoustic characteristics of the vowel systems of six regional varieties of American English. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 118, 1661–1676.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Coretta, S., Casillas, J. V., Roessig, S., et al. (2023). Multidimensional signals and analytic flexibility: Estimating degrees of freedom in human speech analyses. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, 6(3), 1–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Docherty, G. J. (2022). Sociophonetics. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Linguistics. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199384655.013.752.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Duñabeitia, J. A., Baciero, A., Antoniou, K. et al. (2022). The multilingual picture database. Scientific Data, 9, 431.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Feest, U. (2019). Why replication is overrated. Philosophy of Science, 86, 895–905.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flege, J. E. (1991). Age of learning affects the authenticity of voice-onset time (VOT) in stop consonants produced in a second language. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 89, 395–411.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flege, J. E. (2009). Give input a chance! In Piske, T. & Young-Scholten, M., eds., Input Matters in SLA. Bristol, UK: Multilingual Matters, pp. 175–190.Google Scholar
Flege, J. E. (2019). A non-critical period for second-language speech learning. In Nyvad, A. M., Hejná, M., Højen, A., Jespersen, A. B., & Sørensen, M. H., eds., A Sound Approach to Language Matters – In Honour of Ocke-Schwen Bohn. Aarhus: Department of English, School of Communication & Culture, Aarhus University, pp. 501–541.Google Scholar
Flege, J. E. (2021). New methods for second language (L2) speech research. In Wayland, R., ed., Second Language Speech Learning, Theoretical and Empirical Progress. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 119–156.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flege, J. E., Aoyama, K., & Bohn, O.-S. (2021). The revised speech learning model (SLM-r), applied. In Wayland, R., ed., Second Language Speech Learning, Theoretical and Empirical Progress. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 84–118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flege, J. E. & Bohn, O.-S. (2021). The revised speech learning model (SLM-r). In Wayland, R., ed., Second Language Speech Learning, Theoretical and Empirical Progress. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 3–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flege, J. E., Frieda, E. M., Walley, A. C., & Randazza, L. A. (1998). Lexical factors and segmental accuracy in second language speech production. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 20, 155–187.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flege, J. E. & Liu, S. (2001). The effect of experience on adults’ acquisition of a second language. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 23, 527–552.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flege, J. E., Munro, M. J., & MacKay, I. R. A. (1995a). Factors affecting strength of perceived foreign accent in a second language. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 97, 3125–3134.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flege, J. E., Munro, M. J., & MacKay, I. R. A. (1995b). Effects of age of second-language learning on the production of English consonants. Speech Communication, 16, 1–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flege, J. E., Takagi, N., & Mann, V. (1995). Japanese adults can learn to produce English /r/ and /l/ accurately. Language and Speech, 38, 25–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flege, J. E., Takagi, N., & Mann, V. (1996). Lexical familiarity and English-language experience affect Japanese adults’ perception of /r/ and /l/. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 99, 1161–1173.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flege, J. E., Yeni-Komshian, G., & Liu, S. (1999). Age constraints on second-language learning. Journal of Memory and Language, 41, 78–104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gawne, L. & Styles, S. (2022). Situating linguistics in the Social Sciences data movement. In Berez-Kroeker, A. L., McDonnell, B., Koller, E., & Collister, L. B., eds., The Open Handbook of Linguistic Data Management. Boston, MA: MIT Press, pp. 9–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Giles, H., Coupland, N., & Coupland, J. (1991). Accommodation theory: Communication, context, and consequence. In Giles, H., Coupland, J., & Coupland, N., eds., Contexts of Accommodation: Developments in Applied Sociolinguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 1–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gordon, P. C., Keyes, L., & Yung, Y. F. (2001). Ability in perceiving nonnative contrasts: Performance on natural and synthetic speech stimuli. Perception & Psychophysics, 63, 746–758.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grosjean, F. (2001). The bilingual’s language modes. In Nicol, J., ed., One Mind, Two Languages: Bilingual Language Processing. Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 1–22.Google Scholar
Han, J.-I., Kim, J.-Y., & Tsukada, K. (2023). Foreign accent in L1 (first language): Case of Korean immigrants in North America. Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism. https://doi.org/10.1075/lab.22028.han.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hay, J. B., Drager, K., & Warren, P. (2009). Careful who you talk to: An effect of experimenter identity on the production of the NEAR/SQUARE merger in New Zealand English. Australian Journal of Linguistics, 29, 269–285.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hazan, V., Tuomainen, O., Kim, J., Davis, C., & Brungart, D. (2018). Clear speech adaptations in spontaneous speech produced by young and older adults. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 143, 1331–1346.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Herd, W. (2020). Sociophonetic voice onset time variation in Mississippi English. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 147, 596–605.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Idemaru, K., Holt, L. L., & Seltman, H. (2012). Individual differences in cue weights are stable across time: The case of Japanese stop lengths. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 132, 3950–3964.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jacewicz, E. & Fox, R. A. (2020). Perception of local and non-local vowels by adults and children in the South. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 147, 627–642.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Labov, W. (1972). Sociolinguistic Patterns. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.Google Scholar
Labov, W. (1984). Field methods of the Project on Linguistic Change and Variation. In Baugh, J. & Sherzer, J., eds., Language in Use, Readings in Sociolinguistics. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, pp. 28–53.Google Scholar
Labov, W. (2014). The sociophonetic orientation of the language learner. In Celata, C. & Calamai, S., eds., Advances in Sociophonetics. Philadelphia, PA: John Benjamins, pp. 17–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lam, J., Tjaden, K., & Wilding, G. (2012). Acoustics of clear speech: Effect of instruction. Journal of the Speech Language and Hearing Research, 55, 807–821.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Larson-Hall, J. (2006). What does more time buy you? Another look at the effects of long-term residence on production accuracy of English /r/ and /l/ by Japanese speakers. Language and Speech, 49, 521–548.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laws, K. R. (2016). Psychology, replication & beyond. BMC Psychology, 4, 30.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Luk, G. & Bialystok, E. (2013). Bilingualism is not a categorical variable: Interaction between language proficiency and usage. Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 25, 605–621.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Makel, M. C., Plucker, J. A., & Hegarty, B. (2012). Replication in psychology research: How often do they really occur? Perspectives in Psychological Science, 7, 537–542.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Maxwell, S. E. (2004). The persistence of underpowered studies in psychological research: Causes, consequences, and remedies. Psychological Methods, 9, 147–163.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mielke, J. & Nielsen, K. (2018). Voice onset time in English voiceless stops is affected by following postvocalic liquids and voiceless onsets. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 144, 2166–2177.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Munro, M. J., Derwing, T. M., & Flege, J. E. (1999). Canadians in Alabama: A perceptual study of dialect acquisition in adults. Journal of Phonetics, 27, 385–403.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olson, D. J. (2016). The role of code-switching and language context in bilingual phonetic transfer. Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 46, 263–285.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Open Science Collaboration. (2015). Estimating the reproducibility of psychological science. Science, 349(6251), 1–8.Google Scholar
Oyama, S. (1982). A sensitive period for the acquisition of a nonnative phonological system. In Krashen, S. D., Scarcella, R. C., & Long, M. H., eds., Child-Adult Differences in Second language Acquisition. Rowley, MA: Newbury House, pp. 20–38.Google Scholar
Piccini, P. & Arvaniti, A. (2015). Voice onset time in Spanish-English spontaneous code switching. Journal of Phonetics, 53, 121–137.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roettger, T. B. & Baer-Henny, D. (2019). Toward a replication culture: Speech production research in the classroom. Phonological Data & Analysis, 1, 4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schertz, J., Carbonell, K., & Lotto, A. J. (2020). Language specificity in phonetic cue weighting: Monolingual and bilingual perception of the stop voicing contrast in English and Spanish. Phonetica, 77, 186–208.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schertz, J., Cho, T., Lotto, A., & Warner, N. (2015). Individual differences in phonetic cue use in production and perception of a non-native sound contrast. Journal of Phonetics, 52, 183–204.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shport, I. & Herd, W. (2020). Sounding Southern: Identities expressed through language. Acoustics Today, 16, 44–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smaldino, P. E. & McElreath, R. (2016). The natural selection of bad science. Royal Society of Open Science, 3, 160384.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smiljanić, R. & Bradlow, A. R. (2005). Production and perception of clear speech in Croatian and English. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 118, 1677–1688.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smiljanić, R. & Bradlow, A. R. (2009). Speaking and hearing clearly: Talker and listener factors in speaking style changes. Linguistics and Language Compass, 3(1), 236–264.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sönning, L. & Werner, V. (2021). The replication crisis, scientific revolutions, and linguistics. Linguistics, 59, 1179–1206.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tarone, E. (1979). Interlanguage as chameleon. Language Learning, 29, 181–191.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Theodore, R., Miller, J., & DeSteno, D. (2009). Individual talker differences in voice-onset-time: Contextual influences. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 125, 3974–3982.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tobin, S., Nam, H., & Fowler, C. A. (2017). Phonetic drift in Spanish-English bilinguals: Experiment and a self-organizing model. Journal of Phonetics, 65, 45–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Uchanski, R. M. (2005). Clear speech. In Pisoni, D. B. & Remez, R. E., eds., The Handbook of Speech Perception. Malden, MA: Blackwell, pp. 207–235.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wade, L., Lai, W., & Tamminga, M. (2021). The reliability of individual differences in VOT imitation. Language and Speech, 64, 576–593.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Walker, A. (2020). Voiced stops in the command performance of Southern English. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 147, 606–615.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xu, Y. (2010). In defense of lab speech. Journal of Phonetics, 38, 329–336.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yeni-Komshian, G. H., Flege, J. E., & Liu, S. (2000). Pronunciation proficiency in the first and second languages of Korean-English bilinguals. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 3, 131–149.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

References

Amengual, M. (2016). Cross-linguistic influence in the bilingual mental lexicon: Evidence of cognate effects in the phonetic production and processing of a vowel contrast. Frontiers in Psychology, 7(6), 1–17.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baker Smemoe, W. & Haslam, N. (2013). The effect of language learning aptitude, strategy use and learning context on L2 pronunciation learning. Applied Linguistics, 34(4), 435–456.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, A. (1988). Functional load and the teaching of pronunciation. TESOL Quarterly, 22(4), 593–606.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, C. (2000). The interrelation between speech perception and phonological acquisition from infant to adult. In Archibald, J., ed., Second Language Acquisition and Linguistic Theory. Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 4–63.Google Scholar
Burri, M. (2023). Making the case for brain-friendly pronunciation instruction. RELC Journal, 54(3), 864–872.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cabrelli Amaro, J. (2017). Testing the phonological permeability hypothesis: L2 phonological effects on L1 versus L2 systems. International Journal of Bilingualism, 21(6), 698–717.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Celce-Murcia, M. (1983). Teaching pronunciation communicatively. MEXTESOL Journal, 7(1), 10–25.Google Scholar
Celce-Murcia, M., Brinton, D. M., Goodwin, J. M., & Griner, B. (2010). Teaching Pronunciation: A Reference for Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages, 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Chan, M. J. (2018). Embodied pronunciation learning: Research and practice. CATESOL Journal, 30(1), 47–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cook, V. (1999). Going beyond the native speaker in language teaching. TESOL Quarterly, 33(2), 185–209.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Couper, G. (2016). Teacher cognition of pronunciation teaching amongst English language teachers in Uruguay. Journal of Second Language Pronunciation, 2, 29–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Darcy, I., Rocca, B., & Hancock, Z. (2021). A window into the classroom: How teachers integrate pronunciation instruction. RELC Journal, 52(1), 110–127.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Derwing, T. M. & Munro, M. J. (2005). Second language accent and pronunciation teaching: A research‐based approach. TESOL Quarterly, 39(3), 379–397.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Derwing, T. M., Munro, M. J., & Wiebe, G. (1998). Evidence in favor of a broad framework for pronunciation instruction. Language Learning, 48(3), 393–410.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dickerson, W. B. (1994). Empowering students with predictive skills. In Morley, J., ed., Pronunciation Pedagogy and Theory: New Views, New Directions. Alexandria, VA: TESOL Press, pp. 17–33.Google Scholar
Dickerson, W. B. (2015). Using orthography to teach pronunciation. In Reed, M. & Levis, J. M., eds., The Handbook of English Pronunciation. Chichester, UK: Wiley Blackwell, pp. 488–504.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ding, S., Liberatore, C., Sonsaat, S., et al. (2019). Golden speaker builder – An interactive tool for pronunciation training. Speech Communication, 115, 51–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flege, J. E. (1995). Second language speech learning: Theory, findings, problems. In Strange, W., ed., Speech Perception and Linguistic Experience: Issues in Cross-Language Research. Baltimore, MD: York Press, pp. 233–277.Google Scholar
Flege, J. E. & Bohn, O.-S. (2021). The revised Speech Learning Model (SLM-r). In Wayland, R., ed., Second Language Speech Learning: Theoretical and Empirical Progress. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 3–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flege, J. E., Munro, M. J., & MacKay, I. R. A. (1995). Factors affecting strength of perceived foreign accent in a second language. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 97, 3125–3134.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flege, J. E., Yeni-Komshian, G. H., & Liu, S. (1999). Age constraints on second-language acquisition. Journal of Memory and Language, 41, 78–104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foote, J. A., Holtby, A. K., & Derwing, T. M. (2011). Survey of the teaching of pronunciation in adult ESL programs in Canada, 2010. TESL Canada Journal, 29(1), 1–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foote, J. A. & McDonough, K. (2017). Using shadowing with mobile technology to improve L2 pronunciation. Journal of Second Language Pronunciation, 3(1), 34–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fouz-González, J. & Mompeán, J. A. (2020). Exploring the potential of phonetic symbols and keywords as labels for perceptual training. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 43(2), 297–328.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fouz-González, J. & Mompean, J. A. (2021). Phonetic symbols vs. keywords in perceptual training: The learners’ views. ELT Journal, 75(4), 460–470.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gilbert, J. (2014). Intonation is hard to teach. In Grant, L., ed., Pronunciation Myths: Applying Second Language Research to Classroom Teaching. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, pp. 107–137.Google Scholar
Gilbert, J. B. (2019). An informal account of how I learned about English rhythm. TESOL Journal, 10(3), 1–14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldrick, M., Runnqvist, E., & Costa, A. (2014). Language switching makes pronunciation less nativelike. Psychological Science, 25(4), 1031–1036.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goodwin, J. (2005). The power of context in teaching pronunciation. In Frodesen, J. & Holten, C., eds., The Power of Context in Language Teaching and Learning. Boston, MA: Thomson Heinle, pp. 225–236.Google Scholar
Gordon, J. & Darcy, I. (2016). The development of comprehensible speech in L2 learners: A classroom study on the effects of short-term pronunciation instruction. Journal of Second Language Pronunciation, 2(1), 56–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gordon, J. & Darcy, I. (2019). Teaching segmentals vs. suprasegmentals: Different effects of explicit instruction on comprehensibility. In Levis, J. M., Nagle, C., & Todey, E., eds., Proceedings of the 10th Pronunciation in Second Language Learning and Teaching Conference. Ames: Iowa State University, pp. 116–126.Google Scholar
Gurzynski-Weiss, L., Long, A. Y., & Solon, M. (2017). TBLT and L2 pronunciation: Do the benefits of tasks extend beyond grammar and lexis? Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 39(2), 213–224.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hammarberg, B. (2001). Roles of L1 and L2 in L3 Production and Acquisition. In Cenoz, J., Hufeisen, B., & Jessner, U., eds., Cross-Linguistic Influence in Third Language Acquisition: Psycholinguistic Perspectives. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters, pp. 21–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hardison, D. M. (2004). Generalization of computer assisted prosody training: Quantitative and qualitative findings. Language Learning & Technology, 8(1), 34–52.Google Scholar
Hirata, Y. (2004). Computer assisted pronunciation training for native English speakers learning Japanese pitch and durational contrasts. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 17(3–4), 357–376.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huang, B. & Evanini, K. (2016). Think, sink, and beyond: Phonetic variants and factors contributing to English th pronunciation among Chinese speakers. Journal of Second Language Pronunciation, 2(2), 253–275.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huensch, A. (2019). Pronunciation in foreign language classrooms: Instructors’ training, classroom practices, and beliefs. Language Teaching Research, 23(6), 745–764.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huensch, A. & Nagle, C. (2021). The effect of speaker proficiency on intelligibility, comprehensibility, and accentedness in L2 Spanish: A conceptual replication and extension of Munro and Derwing (1995a). Language Learning, 71(3), 626–668.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Isaacs, T. & Trofimovich, P. (2012). Deconstructing comprehensibility. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 34(3), 475–505.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Isaacs, T. & Trofimovich, P., eds. (2017). Second Language Pronunciation Assessment: Interdisciplinary Perspectives. Bristol, UK: Multilingual Matters.Google Scholar
Isaacs, T., Trofimovich, P., & Foote, J. A. (2017). Developing a user-oriented second language comprehensibility scale for English-medium universities. Language Testing, 35(2), 193–216.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Isbell, D. R. (2021). Can the test support student learning? Validating the use of a second language pronunciation diagnostic. Language Assessment Quarterly, 18(4), 331–356.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Isbell, D. & Sakai, M. (2022). Classroom-based pronunciation assessment. In Levis, J. M., Derwing, T. M., & Sonsaat-Hegelheimer, S., eds., Second Language Pronunciation: Bridging the Gap between Research and Teaching. Chichester, UK: Wiley Blackwell, pp. 194–214.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jenkins, J. (2000). The Phonology of English as an International Language. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Jenkins, J. (2002). A sociolinguistically based, empirically researched pronunciation syllabus for English as an international language. Applied Linguistics, 23(1), 83–103.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, T., ed. (2016). Pronunciation in the Classroom: The Overlooked Essential. Alexandria, VA: TESOL Press.Google Scholar
Kalmar, T. M. ([2000] 2015). Illegal Alphabets and Adult Biliteracy: Latino Migrants Crossing the Linguistic Border, 2nd expanded ed. New York: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kartushina, N. & Martin, C. D. (2019). Third-language learning affects bilinguals’ production in both their native languages: A longitudinal study of dynamic changes in L1, L2 and L3 vowel production. Journal of Phonetics, 77, 100920.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kieseier, T. (2021). Bilingual advantage in early EFL pronunciation accuracy of German 4th-graders. International Journal of Bilingualism, 25(3), 708–726.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kroll, J. F. & Bialystok, E. (2013). Understanding the consequences of bilingualism for language processing and cognition. Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 25(5), 497–514.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lado, R. (1957). Linguistics across Cultures: Applied Linguistics for Language Teachers. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.Google Scholar
LeVelle, K. & Levis, J. M. (2014). Understanding the impact of social factors on L2 pronunciation: Insights from learners. In Levis, J. M. & Moyer, A., eds., Social Dynamics in Second Language Accent. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton, pp. 97–118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levis, J. M. (2005). Changing contexts and shifting paradigms in pronunciation teaching. TESOL Quarterly, 39(3), 369–377.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levis, J. M. (2015). Learning views of social issues in pronunciation learning. Journal of Academic Language & Learning, 9,A42–A55.Google Scholar
Levis, J. M. (2018). Intelligibility, Oral Communication, and the Teaching of Pronunciation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levis, J. M. (2020). Revisiting the intelligibility and nativeness principles. Journal of Second Language Pronunciation, 6(3), 310–328.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levis, J. M. & Cortes, V. (2008). Minimal pairs in spoken corpora: Implications for pronunciation assessment and teaching. In Chappelle, C. A., Chung, Y. R., & Xu, J., eds., Towards Adaptive CALL: Natural Language Processing for Diagnostic Language Assessment. Ames: Iowa State University, pp. 197–208.Google Scholar
Levis, J. M. & Echelberger, A. (2022). Integrating pronunciation into language instruction. In Levis, J. M., Derwing, T. M., & Sonsaat-Hegelheimer, S., eds., Second Language Pronunciation: Bridging the Gap between Research and Teaching. Chichester, UK: Wiley Blackwell, pp. 19–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levis, J. M. & Grant, L. (2003). Integrating pronunciation into ESL/EFL classrooms. TESOL Journal, 12(2), 13–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levis, J. M. & Moyer, A., eds. (2014). Social Dynamics in Second Language Accent. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levis, J. M. & Muller Levis, G. (2018). Teaching high-value pronunciation features: Contrastive stress for intermediate learners. CATESOL Journal, 30(1), 139–160.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Llama, R., Cardoso, W., & Collins, L. (2010). The influence of language distance and language status on the acquisition of L3 phonology. International Journal of Multilingualism, 7(1), 39–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lybeck, K. (2002). Cultural identification and second language pronunciation of Americans in Norway. Modern Language Journal, 86(2), 174–191.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mack, M. (1989). Consonant and vowel perception and production: Early English-French bilinguals and English monolinguals. Perception & Psychophysics, 46(2), 187–200.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Martin, I. A. (2020). Pronunciation can be acquired outside the classroom: Design and assessment of homework‐based training. Modern Language Journal, 104(2), 457–479.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martin, I. A. & Sippel, L. (2021). Is giving better than receiving? The effects of peer and teacher feedback on L2 pronunciation skills. Journal of Second Language Pronunciation, 7(1), 62–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marx, N. (2002). Never quite a “native speaker”: Accent and identity in the L2 – and the L1. Canadian Modern Language Review, 59(2), 264–281.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCrocklin, S. (2019). ASR-based dictation practice for second language pronunciation improvement. Journal of Second Language Pronunciation, 5(1), 98–118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCrocklin, S. & Link, S. (2016). Accent, identity, and a fear of loss? ESL students’ perspectives. Canadian Modern Language Review, 72, 122–148.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McNerney, M. & Mendelsohn, D. (1992). Suprasegmentals in the pronunciation class: Setting priorities. In Avery, P. & Ehrlich, S., eds., Teaching American English Pronunciation. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 185–196.Google Scholar
Miller, J. (2003). Audible Difference. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mora, J. C. & Levkina, M. (2017). Task-based pronunciation teaching and research: Key issues and future directions. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 39(2), 381–399.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mora-Plaza, I., Mora, J. C., & Gilabert, R. (2018). Learning L2 pronunciation through communicative tasks. In Levis, J. M., ed., Proceedings of the 9th Pronunciation in Second Language Learning and Teaching Conference. Ames: Iowa State University, pp. 174–184.Google Scholar
Morley, J. (1991). The pronunciation component in teaching English to speakers of other languages. TESOL Quarterly, 25(3), 481–520.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moyer, A. (2014). Exceptional outcomes in L2 phonology: The critical factors of learner engagement and self-regulation. Applied Linguistics, 35(4), 418–440.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moyer, A. (2017). Autonomy in second language phonology: Choice vs. limits. Language Teaching, 50(3), 395–411.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Müller, M. (2013). Conceptualizing pronunciation as part of translingual/transcultural competence: New impulses for SLA research and the L2 classroom. Foreign Language Annals, 46(2), 213–229.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Munro, M. J. (2018). How well can we predict second language learners’ pronunciation difficulties? CATESOL Journal, 30(1), 267–281.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Munro, M. J. (2021). On the difficulty of defining “difficult” in second-language vowel acquisition. Frontiers in Communication, 6(53), 639398.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Munro, M. J. & Derwing, T. M. (1995). Foreign accent, comprehensibility, and intelligibility in the speech of second language learners. Language Learning, 45(1), 73–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Munro, M. J. & Derwing, T. M. (2006). The functional load principle in ESL pronunciation instruction: An exploratory study. System, 34(4), 520–531.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Munro, M. J. & Derwing, T. M. (2020). Foreign accent, comprehensibility, and intelligibility, redux. Journal of Second Language Pronunciation, 6(3), 283–309.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Munro, M. J., Derwing, T. M., & Thomson, R. I. (2015). Setting segmental priorities for English learners: Evidence from a longitudinal study. International Review of Applied Linguistics, 53, 39–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nagle, C. L. & Huensch, A. (2020). Expanding the scope of L2 intelligibility research: Intelligibility, comprehensibility, and accentedness in L2 Spanish. Journal of Second Language Pronunciation, 6(3), 329–351.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nagle, C., Sachs, R., & Zárate-Sández, G. (2018). Exploring the intersection between teachers’ beliefs and research findings in pronunciation instruction. Modern Language Journal, 102(3), 512–532.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Offerman, H. M. & Olson, D. J. (2016). Visual feedback and second language segmental production: The generalizability of pronunciation gains. System, 59, 45–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olson, D. J. (2014a). Phonetics and technology in the classroom: A practical approach to using speech analysis software in second-language pronunciation instruction. Hispania, 97(1), 47–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olson, D. J. (2014b). Benefits of visual feedback on segmental production in the L2 classroom. Language Learning & Technology, 18(3), 173–192.Google Scholar
Olson, D. J. & Offerman, H. M. (2020). Maximizing the effect of visual feedback for pronunciation instruction. Journal of Second Language Pronunciation, 7(1), 89–115.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Perrachione, T. K., Lee, J., Ha, L. Y., & Wong, P. C. (2011). Learning a novel phonological contrast depends on interactions between individual differences and training paradigm design. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 130(1), 461–472.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Piller, I. (2002). Passing for a native speaker: Identity and success in language learning. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 6(2), 179–208.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rehman, I. (2021). Real-Time Formant Extraction for Second Language Vowel Production Training. [Doctoral dissertation, Iowa State University.] Ann Arbor, MI: ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global.Google Scholar
Saito, K. (2013). Reexamining effects of form-focused instruction on L2 pronunciation development. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 35(1), 1–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saito, K. & Lyster, R. (2012a). Investigating pedagogical potential of recasts for L2 vowel acquisition. TESOL Quarterly, 46(2), 387–398.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saito, K. & Lyster, R. (2012b). Effects of form-focused instruction and corrective feedback on L2 pronunciation development of /r/ by Japanese learners of English. Language Learning, 62(2), 595–633.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saito, K. & Plonsky, L. (2019). Effects of second language pronunciation teaching revisited: A proposed measurement framework and meta-analysis. Language Learning, 69(3), 652–708.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saito, K. & van Poeteren, K. (2017). The perception-production link revisited: The case of Japanese learners’ English /ɹ/ performance. International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 28(1), 3–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saito, K., Suzuki, S., Oyama, T., & Akiyama, Y. (2021). How does longitudinal interaction promote second language speech learning? Roles of learner experience and proficiency levels. Second Language Research, 37(4), 547–571.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sakai, M. (2018). Moving towards a bilingual baseline in second language phonetic research. Journal of Second Language Pronunciation, 4(1), 11–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sakai, M. & Moorman, C. (2018). Can perception training improve the production of second language phonemes? A meta-analytic review of 25 years of perception training research. Applied Psycholinguistics, 39(1), 187–224.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sardegna, V. (2022). Evidence in favor of a strategy-based model for English pronunciation instruction. Language Teaching, 55(3), 363–378.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sewell, A. (2021). Functional load and the teaching-learning relationship in L2 pronunciation. Frontiers in Communication, 6, 1–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smotrova, T. (2017). Making pronunciation visible: Gesture in teaching pronunciation. TESOL Quarterly, 51(1), 59–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thomson, R. I. (2012). Improving L2 listeners’ perception of English vowels: A computer-mediated approach. Language Learning, 62(4), 1231–1258.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thomson, R. I. (2018). High Variability [Pronunciation] Training (HVPT). Journal of Second Language Pronunciation, 4(2), 208–231.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Trofimovich, P. & Isaacs, T. (2012). Disentangling accent from comprehensibility. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 15(4), 905–916.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Trofimovich, P., Kennedy, S., & Foote, J. (2015). Variables affecting L2 pronunciation development. In Reed, M. & Levis, J. M., eds., The Handbook of English Pronunciation. Chichester, UK: Wiley Blackwell, pp. 353–373.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wardhaugh, R. (1970). The Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis. TESOL Quarterly, 4(2), 123–130.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wrembel, M. (2013). Foreign accent ratings in third language acquisition: The case of L3 French. In Waniek-Klimczak, E. E. & Shockey, L., eds., Teaching and Researching English Accents in Native and Non-native Speakers. Berlin: Springer, pp. 31–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, R. & Yuan, Z. M. (2020). Examining the effects of explicit pronunciation instruction on the development of L2 pronunciation. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 42(4), 905–918.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×