Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-7cvxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T22:25:35.342Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

32 - Screening and Assessment in Integrated Primary Care Settings

from Part IV - Clinical Assessment in Specific Settings

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 December 2019

Martin Sellbom
Affiliation:
University of Otago, New Zealand
Julie A. Suhr
Affiliation:
Ohio University
Get access

Summary

Most behavioral health care occurs within primary care settings. Increasingly, behavioral health providers are integrating into these settings to enhance the ability of medical providers to assess and treat behavioral health concerns. Compared to specialty care, primary care is optimized, in part through brief appointments, to provide care to a larger proportion of the population. Behavioral health integration models, such as the Primary Care Behavioral Health model, require behavioral health providers to adapt to the environmental demands of primary care and focus on providing targeted brief screenings and assessments to quickly identify presenting concerns. In this chapter, we discuss the special considerations for conducting screenings and assessments in primary care and describe brief and targeted measures appropriate for this environment.

Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2019

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alberts, N. M., Hadjistavropoulos, H. D., Jones, S. L., & Sharpe, D. (2013). The short health anxiety inventory: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 27(1), 6878. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2012.10.009CrossRefGoogle Scholar
APA (American Psychological Association). (2016). A Curriculum for an Interprofessional Seminar on Integrated Primary Care. APA Interprofessional Seminar on Integrated Primary Care Work Group. www.apa.org/education/grad/curriculum-seminar.aspxGoogle Scholar
Arroll, B., Goodyear-Smith, F., Crengle, S., Gunn, J., Kerse, N., Fishman, T., … & Hatcher, S. (2010). Validation of PHQ-2 and PHQ-9 to screen for major depression in the primary care population. Annals of Family Medicine, 8(4), 348353. doi:10.1370/afm.1139Google Scholar
Baird, M., Blount, A., Brungardt, S., Dickinson, P., Dietrich, A., Epperly, T., & deGruy, F. (2014). Joint principles: Integrating behavioral health care into the patient-centered medical home. Annals of Family Medicine, 12(2), 183185. doi:10.1370/afm.1634CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bastien, C. H., Vallières, A., & Morin, C. M. (2001). Validation of the Insomnia Severity Index as an outcome measure for insomnia research. Sleep Medicine, 2(4), 297307. doi:10.1016/S1389-9457(00)00065-4Google Scholar
Beck, A. T., Guth, D., Steer, R. A., & Ball, R. (1997). Screening for major depression disorders in medical inpatients with the beck depression inventory for primary care. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35(8), 785791. doi:10.1016/S0005-7967(97)00025-9Google Scholar
Berwick, D. M., Nolan, T. W., & Whittington, J. (2008). The triple aim: Care, health, and cost. Health Affairs, 27(3), 759769. doi:10.1377/hlthaff.27.3.759Google Scholar
Blevins, C. A., Weathers, F. W., Davis, M. T., Witte, T. K., & Domino, J. L. (2015). The Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM‐5 (PCL‐5): Development and initial psychometric evaluation. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 28(6), 489498. doi:10.1002/jts.22059Google Scholar
Boardman, J. (2001). The Quick PsychoDiagnostics Panel was accurate for identifying psychiatric disorders in primary care. Evidence-Based Mental Health, 4(1), 26–26. doi:10.1136/ebmh.4.1.26Google Scholar
Bodenheimer, T., & Sinsky, C. (2014). From triple to quadruple aim: Care of the patient requires care of the provider. The Annals of Family Medicine, 12(6), 573576. doi:10.1370/afm.1713Google Scholar
Bovin, M. J., Marx, B. P., Weathers, F. W., Gallagher, M. W., Rodriguez, P., Schnurr, P. P., & Keane, T. M. (2016). Psychometric properties of the PTSD Checklist for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders–Fifth Edition (PCL-5) in veterans. Psychological Assessment, 28(11), 13791391. doi:10.1037/pas0000254CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bower, P., & Gilbody, S. (2005). Stepped care in psychological therapies: Access, effectiveness and efficiency: narrative literature review. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 186(1), 1117. doi:10.1192/bjp.186.1.11Google Scholar
Boyd, R. C., Le, H. N., & Somberg, R. (2005). Review of screening instruments for postpartum depression. Archives of Women’s Mental Health, 8(3), 141153. doi:10.1007/s00737-005-0096-6Google Scholar
Breuer, B., Cruciani, R., & Portenoy, R. K. (2010). Pain management by primary care physicians, pain physicians, chiropractors, and acupuncturists: A national survey. Southern Medical Journal, 103(8), 738747.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bridges, A. J., Andrews III, A. R., Villalobos, B. T., Pastrana, F. A., Cavell, T. A., & Gomez, D. (2014). Does integrated behavioral health care reduce mental health disparities for Latinos? Initial findings. Journal of Latina/o Psychology, 2(1), 3753. doi:10.1037/lat0000009Google Scholar
Bryan, C. J., Blount, T., Kanzler, K. A., Morrow, C. E., Corso, K. A., Corso, M. A., & Ray-Sannerud, B. (2014). Reliability and normative data for the behavioral health measure (BHM) in primary care behavioral health settings. Families, Systems and Health : The Journal of Collaborative Family Healthcare, 32(1), 89100. doi:10.1037/fsh0000014CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Butler, S. F., Fernandez, K., Benoit, C., Budman, S. H., & Jamison, R. N. (2008). Validation of the revised Screener and Opioid Assessment for Patients with Pain (SOAPP-R). The Journal of Pain, 9(4), 360372.Google Scholar
Carson, N., Leach, L., & Murphy, K. J. (2018). A re‐examination of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) cutoff scores. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 33, 379388.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). (2014). Annual number and percent distribution of ambulatory care visits by setting type according to diagnosis group, United States 2009–2010. www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/ahcd/combined_tables/2009–2010_combined_web_table01.pdfGoogle Scholar
Chiu, H. Y., Chen, P. Y., Chuang, L. P., Chen, N. H., Tu, Y. K., Hsieh, Y. J., … & Guilleminault, C. (2017). Diagnostic accuracy of the Berlin Questionnaire, STOP-BANG, STOP, and Epworth Sleepiness Scale in detecting obstructive sleep apnea: A bivariate meta-analysis. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 36, 5770. doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2016.10.004Google Scholar
Chung, F., Subramanyam, R., Liao, P., Sasaki, E., Shapiro, C., & Sun, Y. (2012). High STOP-Bang score indicates a high probability of obstructive sleep apnea. British Journal of Anesthesia, 108(5), 768775. doi:10.1093/bja/aes022Google Scholar
Chung, F., Yegneswaran, B., Liao, P., Chung, S. A., Vairavanathan, S., Islam, S., … & Shapiro, C. M. (2008). STOP Questionnaire: A tool to screen patients for obstructive sleep apnea. Anesthesiology: The Journal of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, 108(5), 812821. doi:10.1097/ALN.0b013e31816d83e4CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cox, J. L., Holden, J. M., & Sagovsky, R. (1987). Detection of postnatal depression. British Journal of Psychiatry, 150(06), 782786. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.150.6.782CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Croghan, T. W., & Brown, J. D. (2010). Integrating mental health treatment into the patient centered medical home (AHRQ Publication No. 10–0084-EF). Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.Google Scholar
Davis, D. H., Creavin, S. T., Yip, J. L., Noel-Storr, A. H., Brayne, C., & Cullum, S. (2015). Montreal Cognitive Assessment for the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2015(10), 150. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD010775.pub2Google ScholarPubMed
Derogatis, L. R. (2017). Screening for psychiatric disorders in primary care settings. In Maruish, M. E. (Ed.), Handbook of psychological assessment in primary care settings (2nd ed., pp. 167192). New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Dieleman, J. L., Baral, R., Birger, M., Bui, A. L., Bulchis, A., Chapin, A., … & Murray, C. J. L. (2016). US Spending on Personal Health Care and Public Health, 1996–2013. JAMA, 316(24), 2627. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2016.16885CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dobkin, P. L., & Boothroyd, L. J. (2008). Organizing health services for patients with chronic pain: When there is a will there is a way. Pain Medicine, 9(7), 881889.Google Scholar
Eberhard-Gran, M., Eskild, A., Tambs, K., Opjordsmoen, S., & Ove Samuelsen, S. (2001). Review of validation studies of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 104(4), 243249. doi:10.1034/j.1600-0447.2001.00187.xGoogle Scholar
El-Den, S., Chen, T. F., Gan, M. Y. L., Wong, M. E., & O’Reilly, C. L. (2017). The psychometric properties of depression screening tools in primary healthcare settings: A systematic review. Journal of Affective Disorders, 225, 503522.Google Scholar
Fairbank, J. C., Couper, J., Davies, J. B., & O’Brien, J. P. (1980). The Oswestry low back pain disability questionnaire. Physiotherapy, 66(8), 271273.Google Scholar
Fairbank, J. C., & Pynsent, P. B. (2000). The Oswestry Disability Index. Spine, 25(22), 29402953.Google Scholar
Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S. E., & McHugh, P. R. (1975). Mini-mental state: A practical guide for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 12, 189198.Google Scholar
Freedy, J. R., Steenkamp, M. M., Magruder, K. M., Yeager, D. E., Zoller, J. S., Hueston, W. J., & Carek, P. J. (2010). Post-traumatic stress disorder screening test performance in civilian primary care. Family Practice, 27(6), 615624. doi:10.1093/fampra/cmq049Google Scholar
Gagnon, C., Bélanger, L., Ivers, H., & Morin, C. M. (2013). Validation of the insomnia severity index in primary care. Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine, 26(6), 701710. doi:10.3122/jabfm.2013.06.130064Google Scholar
Gatchel, R. J., McGeary, D. D., Peterson, A., Moore, M., LeRoy, K., Isler, W. C., & … Edell, T. (2009). Preliminary findings of a randomized controlled trial of an interdisciplinary military pain program. Military Medicine, 174(3), 270277. doi:10.7205/MILMED-D-03-1607Google Scholar
Harvan, J. R., & Cotter, V. T. (2006). An evaluation of dementia screening in the primary care setting. Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners, 18, 351360. doi:10.1111/j.1745-7599.2006.00137.xGoogle Scholar
Holsinger, T., Deveau, J., Boustani, M., & Williams, J. W. (2007). Does this patient have dementia? The Journal of the American Medical Association, 297, 23912404. doi:10.1001/jama.297.21.2391Google Scholar
Huang, F. Y., Chung, H., Kroenke, K., Delucchi, K. L., & Spitzer, R. L. (2006). Using the patient health questionnaire‐9 to measure depression among racially and ethnically diverse primary care patients. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 21(6), 547552.Google Scholar
Hunter, C. L., Dobmeyer, A. C., & Reiter, J. T. (2018). Integrating behavioral health services into primary care: Spotlight on the primary care behavioral health (PCBH) model of service delivery. Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings, 25, 105108. doi:10.1007/s10880-017-9534-7Google Scholar
Hunter, C. L., Goodie, J. L., Oordt, M., & Dobmeyer, A. C. (2017). Integrated Behavioral Health in Primary Care: Step-by-Step Guidance for Assessment and Intervention (2nd ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.Google Scholar
Institute of Medicine. (2011). Relieving pain in America: A blueprint for transforming prevention, care, education, and research. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.Google Scholar
Jones, T., Lookatch, S., & Moore, T. (2015). Validation of a new risk assessment tool: The Brief Risk Questionnaire. Journal of Opioid Management, 11(2), 171183.Google Scholar
Jordan, P., Shedden-Mora, M. C., & Löwe, B. (2017). Psychometric analysis of the generalized anxiety disorder scale (GAD-7) in primary care using modern item response theory. PLoS ONE, 12(8), e0182162. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0182162CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kessler, R. C., Petukhova, M., Sampson, N. A., Zaslavsky, A. M., & Wittchen, H. U. (2012). Twelve‐month and lifetime prevalence and lifetime morbid risk of anxiety and mood disorders in the United States. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 21(3), 169184. doi:10.1002/mpr.1359Google Scholar
Kopta, S. M., & Lowry, J. L. (2002). Psychometric evaluation of the behavioral health questionnaire-20: A brief instrument for assessing global mental health and the three phases of psychotherapy outcome. Psychotherapy Research, 12(4), 413426. doi:10.1093/ptr/12.4.413Google Scholar
Kopta, M., Owen, J., & Budge, S. (2015). Measuring psychotherapy outcomes with the behavioral health measure-20: Efficient and comprehensive. Psychotherapy (Chicago, Ill.), 52(4), 442448. doi:10.1037/pst0000035Google Scholar
Krebs, E. E., Lorenz, K. A., Bair, M. J., Damush, T. M., Jingwei, W., Sutherland, J. M., … & Kroenke, K. (2009). Development and initial validation of the PEG, a three-item scale assessing pain intensity and interference. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 24(6), 733738. doi:10.1007/s11606-009-0981-1Google Scholar
Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. W. (2001). The PHQ-9: Validity of a brief depression severity measure. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 16(9), 606613. doi:10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., Williams, J. B., & Löwe, B. (2009). An ultra-brief screening scale for anxiety and depression: The PHQ–4. Psychosomatics, 50(6), 613621. doi:10.1016/S0033-3182(09)70864-3Google ScholarPubMed
Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., Williams, J. B., Monahan, P. O., & Löwe, B. (2007). Anxiety disorders in primary care: Prevalence, impairment, comorbidity, and detection. Annals of Internal medicine, 146(5), 317325.Google Scholar
Lambert, M. J. (2010). Prevention of treatment failure. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.Google Scholar
Lin, J. S., O’Connor, E., Rossom, R. C., Perdue, L. A., Burda, B. U., Thompson, M., & Eckstrom, E. (2013). Screening for cognitive impairment in older adults: An evidence update for the US Preventive Services Task Force. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK174643Google Scholar
McDaniel, S. H., Grus, C. L., Cubic, B. A., Hunter, C. L., Kearney, L. K., Schuman, C. C., … & Miller, B. F. (2014). Competencies for psychology practice in primary care. American Psychologist, 69(4), 409429. doi:10.1037/a0036072Google Scholar
Mitchell, A. J., Rao, S., & Vaze, A. (2010). Do primary care physicians have particular difficulty identifying late-life depression? A meta-analysis stratified by age. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 79(5), 285294. doi:10.1159/000318295CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Moraes, C., Pinto, J. A., Lopes, M. A., Litvoc, J., & Bottino, C. M. (2010). Impact of sociodemographic and health variables on mini-mental state examination in a community-based sample of older people. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 260(7), 535542.Google Scholar
Moriarty, A. S., Gilbody, S., McMillan, D., & Manea, L. (2015). Screening and case finding for major depressive disorder using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9): A meta-analysis. General Hospital Psychiatry, 37(6), 567576. doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2015.06.012Google Scholar
Moyer, V. A. (2013). Screening and behavioral counseling interventions in primary care to reduce alcohol misuse: US preventive services task force recommendation statement. Annals of Internal Medicine, 159(3), 210218. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-159-3-201308060-00652Google Scholar
Nasreddine, Z. S., Phillips, N. A., Bédirian, V., Charbonneau, S., Whitehead, V., Collin, I., … & Chertkow, H. (2005). The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA: A brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 53(4), 695699. doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.53221.xGoogle Scholar
Netzer, N. C., Stoohs, R. A., Netzer, C. M., Clark, K., & Strohl, K. P. (1999). Using the Berlin questionnaire to identify patients at risk for the sleep apnea syndrome. Annals of Internal Medicine, 131(7), 485491. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-131-7-199910050-00002Google Scholar
NIAAA (National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism). (2010). Rethinking drinking: Alcohol and your health. https://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/RethinkingDrinking/Rethinking_Drinking.pdfGoogle Scholar
O’Connor, E., Rossom, R. C., Henninger, M., Groom, H. C., & Burda, B. U. (2016). Primary care screening for and treatment of depression in pregnant and postpartum women: Evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. The Journal of the American Medical Association, 315, 388406.Google Scholar
Ogbeide, S. A., Landoll, R. R., Nielsen, M. K., & Kanzler, K. E. (2018). To go or not go: Patient preference in seeking specialty mental health versus behavioral consultation within the primary care behavioral health consultation model. Families, Systems, and Health, 36(4), 513517. https://doi.org/10.1037/fsh0000374Google Scholar
Ozer, S., Young, J., Champ, C., & Burke, M. (2016). A systematic review of the diagnostic test accuracy of brief cognitive tests to detect amnestic mild cognitive impairment. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 31(11), 11391150. doi:10.1002/gps.4444Google Scholar
Parkerson, G. R., Jr., Broadhead, W. E., & Tse, C. J. (1990). The Duke Health Profile: A 17-item measure of health and dysfunction. Medical Care, 28(11), 10561072. doi:10.1097/00005650-199011000-00007Google Scholar
Peek, C. J. and the National Integration Academy Council. (2013). Lexicon for behavioral health and primary care integration: Concepts and definitions developed by expert consensus (AHRQ Publication No.13-IP001-EF). Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. http://integrationacademy.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/Lexicon.pdf.Google Scholar
Perret-Guillaume, C., Briancon, S., Guillemin, F., Wahl, D., Empereur, F., & Nguyen Thi, P. L. (2009). Which generic health related quality of life questionnaire should be used in older inpatients: Comparison of the duke health profile and the MOS short-form SF-36? Journal of Nutrition, Health and Aging, 14(4), 325331. doi:10.1007/s12603-010-0074-1Google Scholar
Phelan, E., Williams, B., Meeker, K., Bonn, K., Frederick, J., LoGerfo, J., & Snowden, M. (2010). A study of the diagnostic accuracy of the PHQ-9 in primary care elderly. BMC Family Practice, 11(1), 63–63. doi:10.1186/1471-2296-11-63Google Scholar
Polen, M. R., Whitlock, E. P., Wisdom, J. P., Nygren, P., & Bougatsos, C. (2008). Screening in primary care settings for illicit drug use: Staged systematic review for the United States Preventive Services Task Force (AHRQ Publication No. 08–05108-EF-s). Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.Google Scholar
Prins, A., Bovin, M. J., Smolenski, D. J., Marx, B. P., Kimerling, R., Jenkins-Guarnieri, M. A., Tiet, Q. Q. (2016). The primary care PTSD screen for DSM-5 (PC-PTSD-5): Development and evaluation within a veteran primary care sample. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 31(10), 12061211. doi:10.1007/s11606-016-3703-5Google Scholar
Public Law No: 111–148, 111th Congress: Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. (2010). 124 STAT. 119. www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/PLAW-111publ148/pdf/PLAW-111publ148.pdf.Google Scholar
Ram, S., Seirawan, H., Kumar, S. K., & Clark, G. T. (2010). Prevalence and impact of sleep disorders and sleep habits in the United States. Sleep and Breathing, 14(1), 6370. doi:10.1007/s11325-009-0281-3Google Scholar
Ranallo, P. A., Kilbourne, A. M., Whatley, A. S., & Pincus, H. A. (2016). Behavioral health information technology: From chaos to clarity. Health Affairs, 35(6), 11061113. doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2016.0013CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reiter, J. T., Dobmeyer, A. C., & Hunter, C. (2018). The primary care behavioral health (PCBH) model: an overview and operational definition. Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings, 25, 109126. doi:10.1007/s10880-017-9531-xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Richmond, A., & Jackson, J. (2018). Cultural considerations for psychologists in primary care. Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings, 3, 305315.Google Scholar
Robinson, P. J., & Reiter, J. D. (2015). Behavioral consultation and primary care: A guide to integrating services (2nd ed.). New York: Springer.Google Scholar
Rutter, L. A., & Brown, T. A. (2017). Psychometric properties of the generalized anxiety disorder scale-7 (GAD-7) in outpatients with anxiety and mood disorders. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 39, 140146.Google Scholar
Salkovskis, P. M., Rimes, K. A., Warwick, H. M. C., & Clark, D. M. (2002). The Health Anxiety Inventory: Development and validation of scales for the measurement of health anxiety and hypochondriasis. Psychological Medicine, 32(5), 843853. doi:10.1017/S0033291702005822Google Scholar
Sanchez, K., Chapa, T., Ybarra, R., & Martienez, O. N. Jr. (2012). Eliminating disparities through the integration of behavioral health and primary care services for racial and ethnic minority populations, including individuals with limited English proficiency: A literature report. US Department of Health and Human Services Office of Minority Health and Hogg Foundation for Mental Health.Google Scholar
Saunders, J. B., Aasland, O. G., Babor, T. F., De la Fuente, J. R., & Grant, M. (1993). Development of the alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT): WHO collaborative project on early detection of persons with harmful alcohol consumption‐II. Addiction, 88(6), 791804. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1993.tb02093.xGoogle Scholar
Scott, E. D., Gil, K., King, B. C., & Piatt, E. (2015). Clinical outcomes in a primary care practice within a center for health equity. Journal of Primary Care and Community Health, 6, 239242.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Senaratna, C. V., Perret, J. L., Matheson, M. C., Lodge, C. J., Lowe, A. J., Cassim, R., … & Dharmage, S. C. (2017). Validity of the Berlin questionnaire in detecting obstructive sleep apnea: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 36, 116124. doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2017.04.001Google Scholar
Sheahan, P. J., Nelson-Wong, E. J., & Fischer, S. L. (2015). A review of culturally adapted versions of the Oswestry Disability Index: The adaptation process, construct validity, test–retest reliability and internal consistency. Disability and Rehabilitation, 37, 23672374.Google Scholar
Shedler, J. (2017). Automated mental health assessment for integrated care. In Feinstein, R. E., Connely, J. V., & Feinstein, M. S. (Eds.) Integrating behavioral health and primary care (pp. 134145). New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Shedler, J., Beck, A., & Bensen, S. (2000). Practical mental health assessment in primary care. Journal of Family Practice, 49(7), 614622.Google Scholar
Shulman, K. I. (2000). Clock‐drawing: Is it the ideal cognitive screening test? International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 15, 548561. doi:10.1002/1099-1166(200006)15:6<548::aid-gps242>3.0.CO;2-UGoogle Scholar
Simon, G. E., Rutter, C. M., Peterson, D., Oliver, M., Whiteside, U., Operskalski, B., & Ludman, E. J. (2013). Does response on the PHQ-9 depression questionnaire predict subsequent suicide attempt or suicide death? Psychiatric Services, 64(12), 11951202. doi:10.1176/appi.ps.201200587Google Scholar
Skinner, H. A. (1982). The drug abuse screening test. Addictive Behaviors, 7, 363371.Google Scholar
Smith, P. C., Schmidt, S. M., Allensworth-Davies, D., & Saitz, R. (2009). Primary care validation of a single-question alcohol screening test. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 24, 783788. doi:10.1007/s11606-009-0928-6CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smith, P. C., Schmidt, S. M., Allensworth-Davies, D., & Saitz, R. (2010). A single-question screening test for drug use in primary care. Archives of Internal Medicine, 170(13), 11551160. doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2010.140Google Scholar
Spitzer, R. L., Kroenke, K., Williams, J. B., & Löwe, B. (2006). A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: The GAD-7. Archives of Internal Medicine, 166(10), 10921097.Google Scholar
Steer, R. A., Cavalieri, T. A., Leonard, D. M., & Beck, A. T. (1999). Use of the Beck Depression Inventory for Primary Care to screen for major depression disorders. General Hospital Psychiatry, 21(2), 106111. doi:10.1016/S0163-8343(98)00070-XGoogle Scholar
Thibodeau, M. A., & Asmundson, G. J. (2014). The PHQ-9 assesses depression similarly in men and women from the general population. Personality and Individual Differences, 56(1), 149153. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2013.08.039Google Scholar
Tran, P. L., Blizzard, C. L., Srikanth, V., Hanh, V. T., Lien, N. T., Thang, N. H., & Gall, S. L. (2015). Health-related quality of life after stroke: Reliability and validity of the Duke Health Profile for use in Vietnam. Quality of Life Research, 24(11), 28072814.Google Scholar
Vinson, D. C., Manning, B. K., Galliher, J. M., Dickinson, L. M., Pace, W. D., & Turner, B. J. (2010). Alcohol and sleep problems in primary care patients: A report from the AAFP National Research Network. The Annals of Family Medicine, 8(6), 484492. doi:10.1370/afm.1175Google Scholar
Weathers, F. W., Litz, B. T., Keane, T. M., Palmieri, P. A., Marx, B. P., & Schnurr, P. P. (2013). The PTSD Checklist for DSM–5 (PCL-5). Boston, MA: National Center for PTSD.Google Scholar
Wortmann, J. H., Jordan, A. H., Weathers, F. W., Resick, P. A., Dondanville, K. A., Hall-Clark, B., … & Mintz, J. (2016). Psychometric analysis of the PTSD Checklist-5 (PCL-5) among treatment-seeking military service members. Psychological Assessment, 28(11), 1392. doi:10.1037/pas0000260Google Scholar
Wu, L. T., McNeely, J., Subramaniam, G. A., Brady, K. T., Sharma, G., VanVeldhuisen, P., … & Schwartz, R. P. (2017). DSM-5 substance use disorders among adult primary care patients: Results from a multisite study. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 179, 4246. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.05.048Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure no-reply@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×