Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gxg78 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T15:21:48.625Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Part I - Precopulatory Adaptations

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 June 2022

Todd K. Shackelford
Affiliation:
Oakland University, Michigan
Get access

Summary

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2022

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References

Ainsworth, S. E., & Maner, J. K. (2019). Pathogen avoidance mechanisms affect women’s preference for symmetrical male faces. Evolutionary Behavioral Sciences, 13, 265271.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Al-Shawaf, L., Lewis, D. M., & Buss, D. M. (2018). Sex differences in disgust: Why are women more easily disgusted than men? Emotion Review, 10, 149160.Google Scholar
Anderson, R., & Klofstad, C. A. (2012). For love or money? The influence of personal resources and environmental resource pressures on human mate preferences. Ethology, 118, 841849.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arnocky, S., Piché, T., Albert, G., Ouellette, D., & Barclay, P. (2017). Altruism predicts mating success in humans. British Journal of Psychology, 108, 416435.Google Scholar
Arslan, R. C., Schilling, K. M., Gerlach, T. M., & Penke, L. (2021). Using 26,000 diary entries to show ovulatory changes in sexual desire and behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 121, 410431.Google Scholar
Barclay, P. (2010). Altruism as a courtship display: Some effects of third-party generosity on audience perceptions. British Journal of Psychology, 101, 123135.Google Scholar
Bhasin, S. (2004). Testosterone supplementation and aging-associated sarcopenia. In Chanson, P., Epelbaum, J., Lamberts, S., & Christen, Y. (Eds.), Endocrine aspects of successful aging: Genes, hormones and lifestyles (pp. 175190). Berlin: Springer.Google Scholar
Bleske-Rechek, A., Remiker, M. W., Swanson, M. R., & Zeug, N. M. (2006). Women more than men attend to indicators of good character: Two experimental demonstrations. Evolutionary Psychology, 4, 248261.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Booth, A., & Dabbs, J. M. Jr. (1993). Testosterone and men’s marriages. Social Forces, 72(2), 463477.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boothroyd, L. G., Jones, B. C., Burt, D. M., DeBruine, L. M., & Perrett, D. I. (2008). Facial correlates of sociosexuality. Evolution and Human Behavior, 29, 211218.Google Scholar
Borras-Guevara, M. L., Batres, C., & Perrett, D. I. (2017). Aggressor or protector? Experiences and perceptions of violence predict preferences for masculinity. Evolution and Human Behavior, 38, 481489.Google Scholar
Botwin, M. D., Buss, D. M., & Shackelford, T. K. (1997). Personality and mate preferences: Five factors in mate selection and marital satisfaction. Journal of Personality, 65(1), 107136.Google Scholar
Bressan, P., & Stranieri, D. (2008). The best men are (not always) already taken: Female preference for single versus attached males depends on conception risk. Psychological Science, 19, 145151.Google Scholar
Brown, M., Keefer, L. A., & Sacco, D. F. (2020). Relational insecurity heightens sensitivity to limbal rings in partnered women. Personal Relationships, 27, 6175.Google Scholar
Brown, M., Keefer, L. A., Sacco, D., & Brown, F. L. (2021). Demonstrate values: Behavioral displays of moral outrage as a cue to long-term mate potential. Emotion. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000955/Google Scholar
Brown, M., & Sacco, D. F. (2016). Avoiding extraverts: Pathogen concern downregulates preferences for extraverted faces. Evolutionary Psychological Science, 2, 278286.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, M., & Sacco, D. F. (2017). Unrestricted sociosexuality predicts preferences for extraverted male faces. Personality and Individual Differences, 108, 123127.Google Scholar
Brown, M., & Sacco, D. F. (2018). Put a (limbal) ring on it: Women perceive men’s limbal rings as a health cue in short-term mating domains. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 44, 8091.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, M., & Sacco, D. F. (2019). Is pulling the lever sexy? Deontology as a downstream cue to long-term mate quality. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 36, 957976.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, M., Sacco, D. F., & Medlin, M. M. (2019a). Women’s short-term mating goals elicit avoidance of faces whose eyes lack limbal rings. Evolutionary Behavioral Sciences, 13, 278285.Google Scholar
Brown, M., Sacco, D. F., & Medlin, M. M. (2019b). Sociosexual attitudes differentially predict men and women’s preferences for agreeable male faces. Personality and Individual Differences, 141, 248251.Google Scholar
Brown, M., Westrich, B., Bates, F., Twibell, A., & McGrath, R. E. (2020). Preliminary evidence for virtue as a cue to long-term mate value. Personality and Individual Differences, 167, 110249.Google Scholar
Buchanan, K. L., Evans, M. R., Goldsmith, A. R., Bryant, D. M., & Rowe, L. V. (2001). Testosterone influences basal metabolic rate in male house sparrows: A new cost of dominance signaling? Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 268(1474), 13371344.Google Scholar
Buss, D. M. (1989). Sex differences in human mate preferences: Evolutionary hypotheses tested in 37 cultures. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 12, 114.Google Scholar
Buss, D. M. (1994). The strategies of human mating. American Scientist, 82, 238249.Google Scholar
Buss, D. M., Abbott, M., Angleitner, A., Asherian, A., Biaggio, A., Blanco-Villasenor, A., … & Ekehammar, B. (1990). International preferences in selecting mates: A study of 37 cultures. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 21, 547.Google Scholar
Buss, D., & Schmitt, D. (1993). Sexual strategies theory: An evolutionary perspective on human mating. Psychological Review, 100, 204–32.Google Scholar
Caryl, P. G., Bean, J. E., Smallwood, E. B., Barron, J. C., Tully, L., & Allerhand, M. (2009). Women’s preferences for male pupil-size: Effects of contraception risk, sociosexuality and relationship status. Personality and Individual Differences, 46, 503508.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cavallotti, C., & Cerulli, L. (2008). Age-related changes of the human eye. New York, NY: Springer Science and Business Media.Google Scholar
Confer, J. C., Perilloux, C., & Buss, D. M. (2010). More than just a pretty face: Men’s priority shifts toward bodily attractiveness in short-term versus long-term mating contexts. Evolution and Human Behavior, 31, 348353.Google Scholar
Daly, M., & Wilson, M. (1988). Evolutionary social psychology and family homicide. Science, 242, 519524.Google Scholar
DeBruine, L. M., Jones, B. C., Crawford, J. R., Welling, L. L. M., & Little, A. C. (2010). The health of a nation predicts their mate preferences: Cross-cultural variation in women’s preferences for masculinized male faces. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 277, 24052410.Google Scholar
DeBruine, L., Jones, B., Tybur, J., Lieberman, D., & Griskevicius, V. (2010). Women’s preferences for masculinity in male faces are predicted by pathogen disgust, but not moral or sexual disgust. Evolution and Human Behavior, 31, 6974.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dinh, T., Pinsof, D., Gangestad, S. W., & Haselton, M. G. (2017). Cycling on the fast track: Ovulatory shifts in sexual motivation as a proximate mechanism for regulating life history strategies. Evolution and Human Behavior, 38, 685694.Google Scholar
Dixson, B. J., & Brooks, R. C. (2013). The role of facial hair in women’s perceptions of men’s attractiveness, health, masculinity and parenting abilities. Evolution and Human Behavior, 34, 236241.Google Scholar
Dixson, B. J., Kennedy-Costantini, S., Lee, A. J., & Nelson, N. L. (2019). Mothers are sensitive to men’s beards as a potential cue of paternal investment. Hormones and Behavior, 113, 5566.Google Scholar
Dixson, B. J., Rantala, M. J., Melo, E. F., & Brooks, R. C. (2017). Beards and the big city: Displays of masculinity may be amplified under crowded conditions. Evolution and Human Behavior, 38, 259264.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dufner, M., Rauthmann, J. F., Czarna, A. Z., & Denissen, J. J. (2013). Are narcissists sexy? Zeroing in on the effect of narcissism on short-term mate appeal. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 39, 870882.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Durante, K. M., Griskevicius, V., Simpson, J. A., Cantú, S. M., & Li, N. P. (2012). Ovulation leads women to perceive sexy cads as good dads. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 103, 292305.Google Scholar
Ellis, B. J., Figueredo, A. J., Brumbach, B. H., & Schlomer, G. L. (2009). Fundamental dimensions of environmental risk. Human Nature, 20, 204268.Google Scholar
Everett, J. A. C., Pizarro, D. A., & Crockett, M. J. (2016). Inference of trustworthiness from intuitive moral judgments. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 145, 772787.Google Scholar
Fan, J. T., Dai, W., Liu, F., & Wu, J. (2005). Visual perception of male body attractiveness. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 272, 219226.Google Scholar
Farrelly, D. (2013). Altruism as an indicator of good parenting quality in long-term relationships: Further investigations using the mate preferences towards altruistic traits scale. The Journal of Social Psychology, 153, 395398.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Farrelly, D., Lazarus, J., & Roberts, G. (2007). Altruists attract. Evolutionary Psychology, 5, 313329.Google Scholar
Fleck, C., & Simpson, J. (2017). Women’s mate preferences. In Shackelford, T. K. & Weekes-Shackelford, V. A. (Eds.), Encyclopedia of evolutionary psychological science (pp. 85468553). New York, NY: Springer Nature.Google Scholar
Folstad, I., & Karter, A. J. (1992). Parasites, bright males, and the immunocompetence handicap. The American Naturalist, 139, 603622.Google Scholar
Frederick, D. A., & Haselton, M. G. (2007). Why is muscularity sexy? Tests of the fitness indicator hypothesis. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 33, 11671183.Google Scholar
Gallup, A. C., White, D. D., & Gallup, G. G. (2007). Handgrip strength predicts sexual behavior, body morphology, and aggression in male college students. Evolution and Human Behavior, 28, 423429.Google Scholar
Gallup, G. G., Frederick, M. J., & Pipitone, R. N. (2008). Morphology and behavior: Phrenology revisited. Review of General Psychology, 12, 297304.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gangestad, S. W., & Buss, D. M. (1993). Pathogen prevalence and human mate preferences. Ethology and Sociobiology, 14, 8996.Google Scholar
Gangestad, S. W., & Dinh, T. (2020). Robust evidence for moderation of ovulatory shifts by partner attractiveness in Arslan et al.’s (2020) data. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 121(2), 432440. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000305Google Scholar
Gangestad, S. W., Dinh, T., Grebe, N. M., Del Giudice, M., & Thompson, M. E. (2019). Psychological cycle shifts redux, once again: Response to Stern et al., Roney, Jones et al., and Higham. Evolution and Human Behavior, 40, 537542.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gangestad, S. W., Garver-Apgar, C. E., Simpson, J. A., & Cousins, A. J. (2007). Changes in women’s mate preferences across the ovulatory cycle. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92, 151163.Google Scholar
Gangestad, S. W., Haselton, M. G., & Buss, D. M. (2006). Evolutionary foundations of cultural variation: Evoked culture and mate preferences. Psychological Inquiry, 17, 7595.Google Scholar
Gangestad, S. W., & Simpson, J. A. (2000). The evolution of human mating: Trade-offs and strategic pluralism. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 23, 573587.Google Scholar
Gangestad, S. W., & Thornhill, R. (1998). Menstrual cycle variation in women’s preferences for the scent of symmetrical men. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 265, 927933.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gangestad, S. W., & Thornhill, R. (2003). Facial masculinity and fluctuating asymmetry. Evolution and Human Behavior, 24, 231241.Google Scholar
Gangestad, S. W., Thornhill, R., & Yeo, R. A. (1994). Facial attractiveness, developmental stability, and fluctuating asymmetry. Ethology and Sociobiology, 15, 7385.Google Scholar
Garza, R., & Byrd-Craven, J. (2019). Fertility status in visual processing of men’s attractiveness. Evolutionary Psychological Science, 5, 328342.Google Scholar
Garza, R., & Byrd-Craven, J. (2021). Effects of women’s short-term mating orientation and self-perceived attractiveness in rating and viewing men’s waist to chest ratios. Archives of Sexual behavior, 50, 543551.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gildersleeve, K., Haselton, M. G., & Fales, M. R. (2014). Do women’s mate preferences change across the ovulatory cycle? A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 140, 12051259.Google Scholar
Griskevicius, V., Tybur, J. M., Sundie, J. M., Cialdini, R. B., Miller, G. F., & Kenrick, D. T. (2007). Blatant benevolence and conspicuous consumption: When romantic motives elicit strategic costly signals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 93, 85102.Google Scholar
Haselton, M. G., & Buss, D. M. (2000). Error management theory: A new perspective on biases in cross-sex mind reading. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, 8191.Google Scholar
Haselton, M. G., & Gangestad, S. W. (2006). Conditional expression of women’s desires and men’s mate guarding across the ovulatory cycle. Hormones and Behavior, 49, 509518.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Haselton, M. G., & Miller, G. F. (2006). Women’s fertility across the cycle increases the short-term attractiveness of creative intelligence. Human Nature, 17, 5073.Google Scholar
Havlicek, J., Roberts, S. C., & Flegr, J. (2005). Women’s preference for dominant male odour: Effects of menstrual cycle and relationship status. Biology Letters, 256–259.Google Scholar
Holden, C. J., Zeigler-Hill, V., Pham, M. N., & Shackelford, T. K. (2014). Personality features and mate retention strategies: Honesty–humility and the willingness to manipulate, deceive, and exploit romantic partners. Personality and Individual Differences, 57, 3136.Google Scholar
Ilicic, J., Baxter, S. M., & Kulczynski, A. (2016). White eyes are the window to the pure soul: Metaphorical association and overgeneralization effects for spokespeople with limbal rings. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 33, 840855.Google Scholar
Johnson, L., Petty, C. S., & Neaves, W. B. (1983). Further quantification of human spermatogenesis: Germ cell loss during postprophase of meiosis and its relationship to daily sperm production. Biology of Reproduction, 29, 207215.Google Scholar
Jonason, P. K., & Buss, D. M. (2012). Avoiding entangling commitments: Tactics for implementing a short-term mating strategy. Personality and Individual Differences, 52(5), 606610.Google Scholar
Jonason, P. K., Garcia, J. R., Webster, G. D., Li, N. P., & Fisher, H. E. (2015). Relationship dealbreakers: Traits people avoid in potential mates. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 41, 16971711.Google Scholar
Jonason, P. K., Li, N. P., & Madson, L. (2012). It is not all about the Benjamins: Understanding preferences for mates with resources. Personality and Individual Differences, 52, 306310.Google Scholar
Jonason, P. K., Li, N. P., Webster, G. D., & Schmitt, D. P. (2009). The dark triad: Facilitating a short-term mating strategy in men. European Journal of Personality, 23, 518.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, B. C., Feinberg, D. R., Watkins, C. D., Fincher, C. L., Little, A. C., & DeBruine, L. M. (2013). Pathogen disgust predicts women’s preferences for masculinity in men’s voices, faces, and bodies. Behavioral Ecology, 24, 373379.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, B. C., Hahn, A. C., & DeBruine, L. M. (2019). Ovulation, sex hormones, and women’s mating psychology. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 23, 5162.Google Scholar
Jones, B. C., Hahn, A. C., Fisher, C. I., Wang, H., Kandrik, M., Han, C., … & O’Shea, K. J. (2018). No compelling evidence that preferences for facial masculinity track changes in women’s hormonal status. Psychological Science, 29, 9961005.Google Scholar
Jünger, J., Kordsmeyer, T. L., Gerlach, T. M., & Penke, L. (2018). Fertile women evaluate male bodies as more attractive, regardless of masculinity. Evolution and Human Behavior, 39, 412423.Google Scholar
Kenrick, D. T., Groth, G. E., Trost, M. R., & Sadalla, E. K. (1993). Integrating evolutionary and social exchange perspectives on relationships: Effects of gender, self-appraisal, and involvement level on mate selection criteria. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, 951969.Google Scholar
Khaw, K. T., & Barrett-Connor, E. (1992). Lower endogenous androgens predict central adiposity in men. Annals of Epidemiology, 2, 675682.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kiessling, A. (2005). Eggs alone. Nature, 434, 145.Google Scholar
Kobayashi, H., & Kohshima, S. (2001). Unique morphology of the human eye and its adaptive meaning: Comparative studies on external morphology of the primate eye. Journal of Human Evolution, 40, 419435.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lambert, S. M., Masson, P., & Fisch, H. (2006). The male biological clock. World Journal of Urology, 24(6), 611617.Google Scholar
Larson, C. M., Haselton, M. G., Gildersleeve, K. A., & Pillsworth, E. G. (2013). Changes in women’s feelings about their romantic relationships across the ovulatory cycle. Hormones and Behavior, 68, 128135.Google Scholar
Larson, C. M., Pillsworth, E. G., & Haselton, M. G. (2012). Ovulatory shifts in women’s attractions to primary partners and other men: Further evidence of the importance of primary partner sexual attractiveness. PLoS One, 7, e44456.Google Scholar
Lee, A. J., & Zietsch, B. P. (2011). Experimental evidence that women’s mate preferences are directly influenced by cues of pathogen prevalence and resource scarcity. Biology Letters, 7, 892895.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lei, X., & Perrett, D. (2021). Misperceptions of opposite-sex preferences for thinness and muscularity. British Journal of Psychology, 112, 247264.Google Scholar
Li, N. P., Bailey, J. M., Kenrick, D. T., & Linsenmeier, J. A. W. (2002). The necessities and luxuries of mate preferences: Testing the tradeoffs. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82, 947955.Google Scholar
Li, N. P., Griskevicius, V., Durante, K. M., Jonason, P. K., Pasisz, D. J., & Aumer, K. (2009). An evolutionary perspective on humor: Sexual selection or interest indication? Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 35, 923936.Google Scholar
Li, N. P., & Kenrick, D. T. (2006). Sex similarities and differences in preferences for short-term mates: What, whether, and why. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 90, 468489.Google Scholar
Lieberman, D., Tooby, J., & Cosmides, L. (2007). The architecture of human kin detection. Nature, 445, 727731.Google Scholar
Little, A. C., Cohen, D. L., Jones, B. C., & Belsky, J. (2007). Human preferences for facial masculinity change with relationship type and environmental harshness. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 61, 967973.Google Scholar
Little, A. C., DeBruine, L. M., & Jones, B. C. (2011). Exposure to visual cues of pathogen contagion changes preferences for masculinity and symmetry in opposite-sex faces. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 278, 20322039.Google Scholar
Little, A. C., Jones, B. C., & Burriss, R. P. (2007). Preferences for masculinity in male bodies change across the menstrual cycle. Hormones and Behavior, 51, 633639.Google Scholar
Little, A. C., Jones, B. C., Penton-Voak, I. S., Burt, D. M., & Perrett, D. I. (2002). Partnership status and the temporal context of relationships influence human female preferences for sexual dimorphism in male face shape. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 269, 10951100.Google Scholar
Lovejoy, C. O. (1981). The origin of man. Science, 211, 341350.Google Scholar
Lukaszewski, A. W. (2013). Testing an adaptationist theory of trait covariation: Relative bargaining power as a common calibrator of an interpersonal syndrome. European Journal of Personality, 27, 328345.Google Scholar
Lukaszewski, A. W., & Roney, J. R. (2009). Estimated hormones predict women’s mate preferences for dominant personality traits. Personality and Individual Differences, 47, 191196.Google Scholar
Lukaszewski, A. W., & Roney, J. R. (2011). The origins of extraversion: Joint effects of facultative calibration and genetic polymorphism. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 37, 409421.Google Scholar
Lustgraaf, C. J. N., & Sacco, D. F. (2015). Sociosexuality and relationship status interact to predict facial symmetry preferences. Human Ethology Bulletin, 30, 39.Google Scholar
Marcinkowska, U. M., Helle, S., & Lyons, M. T. (2015). Dark traits: Sometimes hot, and sometimes not? Female preferences for Dark Triad faces depend on sociosexuality and contraceptive use. Personality and Individual Differences, 86, 369373.Google Scholar
Marzoli, D., Moretto, F., Monti, A., Tocci, O., Roberts, S. C., & Tommasi, L. (2013). Environmental influences on mate preferences as assessed by a scenario manipulation. PLoS One, 8(9), e74282.Google Scholar
McGrath, R. E. (2021). Darwin meets Aristotle: Evolutionary evidence for three fundamental virtues. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 16, 431445.Google Scholar
McGrath, R. E., Greenberg, M. J., & Hall-Simmonds, A. (2018). Scarecrow, Tin Woodsman, and Cowardly Lion: The three-factor model of virtue. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 13, 373392.Google Scholar
McPherson, E., Banchefsky, S., & Park, B. (2018). Psychological consequences of the dad bod: Using biological and physical changes to increase essentialist perceptions of fathers. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 76, 330336.Google Scholar
Medlin, M. M., Brown, M., & Sacco, D. F. (2018). That’s what she said! Perceived mate value of clean and dirty humor displays. Personality and Individual Differences, 135, 192200.Google Scholar
Miller, G. F. (2007). Sexual selection for moral virtues. The Quarterly Review of Biology, 82, 97125.Google Scholar
Morrison, E. R., Clark, A. P., Gralewski, L., Campbell, N., & Penton-Voak, I. S. (2010). Women’s probability of conception is associated with their preferences for flirtatious but not masculine facial movement. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 39, 12971304.Google Scholar
Murray, D. R., Jones, D. N., & Schaller, M. (2013). Perceived threat of infectious disease and its implications for sexual attitudes. Personality and Individual Differences, 54, 103108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nettle, D. (2005). An evolutionary approach to the extraversion continuum. Evolution and Human Behavior, 26, 363373.Google Scholar
O’Connor, J. J., Jones, B. C., Fraccaro, P. J., Tigue, C. C., Pisanski, K., & Feinberg, D. R. (2014). Sociosexual attitudes and dyadic sexual desire independently predict women’s preferences for male vocal masculinity. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 43, 13431353.Google Scholar
Oinonen, K. A., & Mazmanian, D. (2007). Facial symmetry detection ability changes across the menstrual cycle. Biological Psychology, 75, 136145.Google Scholar
Oswald, F., Hughes, S., Champion, A., & Pedersen, C. L. (in press). In search of the appeal of the “DILF”. Psychology & Sexuality.Google Scholar
Parsons, P. A. (1992). Fluctuating asymmetry: A biological monitor of environmental and genomic stress. Heredity, 68, 361364.Google Scholar
Pawlowski, B., & Jasienska, G. (2005). Women’s preferences for sexual dimorphism in height depend on menstrual cycle phase and expected duration of relationship. Biological Psychology, 70, 3843.Google Scholar
Penn, D. J. (2002). The scent of genetic compatibility: Sexual selection and the major histocompatibility complex. Ethology, 801, 12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Penn, D. J., & Potts, W. K. (1999). The evolution of mating preferences and major histocompatibility genes. The American Naturalist, 153, 145164.Google Scholar
Penton-Voak, I. S., & Chen, J. Y. (2004). High salivary testosterone is linked to masculine male facial appearance in humans. Evolution and Human Behavior, 25, 229241.Google Scholar
Penton-Voak, I. S., Jacobson, A., & Trivers, R. (2004). Populational differences in attractiveness judgements of male and female faces: Comparing British and Jamaican samples. Evolution and Human Behavior, 25, 355370.Google Scholar
Penton-Voak, I. S., & Perrett, D. I. (2000). Female preference for male faces changes cyclically: Further evidence. Evolution and Human Behavior, 21, 3948.Google Scholar
Peshek, D., Semmaknejad, N., Hoffman, D., & Foley, P. (2011). Preliminary evidence that the limbal ring influences facial attractiveness. Evolutionary Psychology, 9, 137146.Google Scholar
Pettijohn, T. F. II, & Tesser, A. (1999). Popularity in environmental context: Facial feature assessment of American movie actresses. Media Psychology, 1, 229247.Google Scholar
Phillips, T., Barnard, C., Ferguson, E., & Reader, T. (2008). Do humans prefer altruistic mates? Testing a link between sexual selection and altruism towards non-relatives. British Journal of Psychology, 99, 555572.Google Scholar
Pillsworth, E. G., & Haselton, M. G. (2006a). Male sexual attractiveness predicts differential ovulatory shifts in female extra-pair attraction and male mate retention. Evolution and Human Behavior, 27, 247258.Google Scholar
Pillsworth, E. G., & Haselton, M. G. (2006b). Women’s sexual strategies: The evolution of long-term bonds and extrapair sex. Annual Review of Sex Research, 17, 59100.Google Scholar
Platek, S. M., & Shackelford, T. K. (Eds.). (2006). Female infidelity and paternal uncertainty: Evolutionary perspectives on male anti-cuckoldry tactics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Pound, N., Lawson, D. W., Toma, A. M., Richmond, S., Zhurov, A. I., & Penton-Voak, I. S. (2014). Facial fluctuating asymmetry is not associated with childhood ill-health in a large British cohort study. Proceedings of the Royal Society. Series B: Biological Sciences, 281, 20141639.Google Scholar
Provine, R. R., Cabrera, M. O., & Nave-Blodgett, J. (2013). Red, yellow, and super-white sclera. Human Nature, 24, 126136.Google Scholar
Provost, M. P., Kormos, C., Kosakoski, G., & Quinsey, V. L. (2006). Sociosexuality in women and preference for facial masculinization and somatotype in men. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 35, 305312.Google Scholar
Provost, M. P., Troje, N. F., & Quinsey, V. L. (2008). Short-term mating strategies and attraction to masculinity in point-light walkers. Evolution and Human Behavior, 29, 6569.Google Scholar
Puts, D. A. (2005). Mating context and menstrual phase affect women’s preferences for male voice pitch. Evolution and Human Behavior, 26, 388397.Google Scholar
Puts, D. A. (2010). Beauty and the beast: Mechanisms of sexual selection in humans. Evolution and Human Behavior, 31, 157175.Google Scholar
Quist, M. C., Watkins, C. D., Smith, F. G., Little, A. C., DeBruine, L. M., & Jones, B. C. (2012). Sociosexuality predicts women’s preferences for symmetry in men’s faces. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 41, 14151421.Google Scholar
Reeve, S. D., Kelly, K. M., & Welling, L. L. M. (2016). Transitory environmental threat alters sexually dimorphic mate preferences and sexual strategy. Evolutionary Psychological Science, 2, 101113.Google Scholar
Rhodes, G. (2006). The evolutionary psychology of facial beauty. Annual Review of Psychology, 57, 199226.Google Scholar
Rhodes, G., Chan, J., Zebrowitz, L. A., & Simmons, L. W. (2003). Does sexual dimorphism in human faces signal health? Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 270, S93S95.Google Scholar
Rhodes, G., Morley, G., & Simmons, L. W. (2013). Women can judge sexual unfaithfulness from unfamiliar men’s faces. Biology Letters, 9, 20120908.Google Scholar
Rhodes, G., Yoshikawa, S., Clark, A., Lee, K., McKay, R., & Akamatsu, S. (2001). Attractiveness of facial averageness and symmetry in non-Western cultures: In search of biologically based standards of beauty. Perception, 30, 611625.Google Scholar
Rhodes, G., Yoshikawa, S., Palermo, R., Simmons, L. W., Peters, M., Lee, K., … & Crawford, J. R. (2007). Perceived health contributes to the attractiveness of facial symmetry, averageness, and sexual dimorphism. Perception, 36, 12441252.Google Scholar
Roberts, S. C., Little, A. C., Gosling, L. M., Jones, B. C., Perrett, D. I., Carter, V., … & Petrie, M. (2005a). MHC-assortative facial preferences in humans. Biology Letters, 400–403.Google Scholar
Roberts, S. C., Little, A. C., Gosling, L. M., Perrett, D. I., Carter, V., Jones, B. C., … & Petrie, M. (2005b). MHC-heterozygosity and human facial attractiveness. Evolution and Human Behavior, 26, 213226.Google Scholar
Roney, J. R., & Simmons, Z. L. (2008). Women’s estradiol predicts preference for facial cues of men’s testosterone. Hormones and Behavior, 53, 1419.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Roney, J. R., & Simmons, Z. L. (2016). Within-cycle fluctuations in progesterone negatively predict changes in both in-pair and extra-pair desire among partnered women. Hormones and Behavior, 81, 4552.Google Scholar
Roney, J. R., Simmons, Z. L., & Gray, P. B. (2011). Changes in estradiol predict within-women shifts in attraction to facial cues of men’s testosterone. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 36, 742749.Google Scholar
Sacco, D. F., & Brown, M. (2018). The face of personality: Adaptive inferences from facial cues are moderated by perceiver personality and motives. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 12, e12410.Google Scholar
Sacco, D. F., Brown, M., Lustgraaf, C. J., & Hugenberg, K. (2017). The adaptive utility of deontology: Deontological moral decision-making fosters perceptions of trust and likeability. Evolutionary Psychological Science, 3, 125132.Google Scholar
Sacco, D. F., Holifield, K., Drea, K., Brown, M., & Macchione, A. L. (2020). Dad and mom bods? Inferences of parenting ability from bodily cues. Evolutionary Psychological Science, 6, 207214.Google Scholar
Sacco, D. F., Jones, B. C., DeBruine, L. M., & Hugenberg, K. (2012). The roles of sociosexual orientation and relationship status in women’s face preferences. Personality and Individual Differences, 53, 10441047.Google Scholar
Sacco, D. F., Lustgraaf, C. N. J., Brown, M., & Young, S. G. (2015). Activation of self-protection threat increases women’s preferences for dominance in male faces. Human Ethology Bulletin, 4, 2331.Google Scholar
Sacco, D. F., Young, S. G., Brown, C. M., Bernstein, M. J., & Hugenberg, K. (2012). Social exclusion and female mating behavior: Rejected women show strategic enhancement of short-term mating interest. Evolutionary Psychology, 10, 573587.Google Scholar
Schaller, M., & Murray, D. R. (2008). Pathogens, personality, and culture: Disease prevalence predicts worldwide variability in sociosexuality, extraversion, and openness to experience. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95, 212221.Google Scholar
Schmitt, D. P. (2002). A meta-analysis of sex differences in romantic attraction: Do rating contexts moderate tactic effectiveness judgments? British Journal of Social Psychology, 41, 387402.Google Scholar
Schmitt, D. P., & International Sexuality Description Project. (2003). Universal sex differences in the desire for sexual variety: Tests from 52 nations, 6 continents, and 13 islands. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 85104.Google Scholar
Schmitt, D. P., & Shackelford, T. K. (2008). Big Five traits related to short-term mating: From personality to promiscuity across 46 nations. Evolutionary Psychology, 6, 246282.Google Scholar
Sell, A., Hone, L. S., & Pound, N. (2012). The importance of physical strength to human males. Human Nature, 23, 3044.Google Scholar
Sell, A., Tooby, J., & Cosmides, L. (2009). Formidability and the logic of human anger. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106, 1507315078.Google Scholar
Shoup, M. L., & Gallup, G. G. (2008). Men’s faces convey information about their bodies and their behavior: What you see is what you get. Evolutionary Psychology, 6, 469479.Google Scholar
Shyu, B. P., & Wyatt, H. J. (2009). Appearance of the human eye: Optical contributions to the “limbal ring”. Optometry and Vision Science, 86, E1069E1077.Google Scholar
Simpson, J. A., & Gangestad, S. W. (1991). Individual differences in sociosexuality: Evidence for convergent and discriminant validity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, 870883.Google Scholar
Snyder, J. K., Fessler, D. M., Tiokhin, L., Frederick, D. A., Lee, S. W., & Navarrete, C. D. (2011). Trade-offs in a dangerous world: Women’s fear of crime predicts preferences for aggressive and formidable mates. Evolution and Human Behavior, 32, 127137.Google Scholar
Snyder, J. K., Kirkpatrick, L. A., & Barrett, H. C. (2008). The dominance dilemma: Do women really prefer dominant mates? Personal Relationships, 15, 425444.Google Scholar
Soler, C., Nunez, M., Gutierrez, R., Nunez, J., Medina, P., Sancho, M., Alvarez, J., & Nunez, A. (2003). Facial attractiveness in men provides clues to semen quality. Evolution and Human Behavior, 24, 199207.Google Scholar
Stone, E. A., Shackelford, T. K., & Buss, D. M. (2008). Socioeconomic development and shifts in mate preferences. Evolutionary Psychology, 6, 447455.Google Scholar
Sundie, J. M., Kenrick, D. T., Griskevicius, V., Tybur, J. M., Vohs, K. D., & Beal, D. J. (2011). Peacocks, porsches, and Thorstein Veblen: Conspicuous consumption as a sexual signaling system. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 100, 664680.Google Scholar
Swami, V., & Tovée, M. J. (2005). Male physical attractiveness in Britain and Malaysia: A cross-cultural study. Body Image, 2, 383393.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thornhill, R., & Gangestad, S. W. (1999). Facial attractiveness. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 3, 452460.Google Scholar
Thornhill, R., & Gangestad, S. W. (2006). Facial sexual dimorphism, developmental stability, and susceptibility to disease in men and women. Evolution and Human Behavior, 27, 131144.Google Scholar
Trivers, R. L. (1972). Parental investment and sexual selection. In Campbell, B. (Ed.), Sexual selection and the descent of man (pp. 136179). Chicago, IL: Aldine.Google Scholar
Waynforth, D., Delwadia, S., & Camm, M. (2005). The influence of women’s mating strategies on preference for masculine facial architecture. Evolution and Human Behavior, 26, 409416.Google Scholar
Wedekind, C., Seebeck, T., Bettens, F., & Paepke, A. J. (1995). MHC-dependent mate preferences in humans. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 260, 245249.Google Scholar
Welling, L., DeBruine, L., Little, A., & Jones, B. (2009). Extraversion predicts individual differences in women’s face preferences. Personality and Individual Differences, 47, 996998.Google Scholar
Whitehouse, A. J., Gilani, S. Z., Shafait, F., Mian, A., Tan, D. W., Maybery, M. T., … & Eastwood, P. (2015). Prenatal testosterone exposure is related to sexually dimorphic facial morphology in adulthood. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 282, 20151351.Google Scholar
Wilbur, C. J., & Campbell, L. (2011). Humor in romantic contexts: Do men participate and women evaluate? Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 37, 918929.Google Scholar
Wilcox, A. J., Dunson, D. B., Weinberg, C. R., Trussell, J., & Baird, D. D. (2001). Likelihood of conception with a single act of intercourse: Providing benchmark rates for assessment of post-coital contraceptives. Contraception, 63, 211215.Google Scholar
Willis, J., & Todorov, A. (2006). First impressions: Making up your mind after a 100-ms exposure to a face. Psychological Science, 17(7), 592598.Google Scholar
Young, S. G., Sacco, D. F., & Hugenberg, K. (2011). Vulnerability to disease is associated with a domain-specific preference for symmetrical faces relative to symmetrical non-face stimuli. European Journal of Social Psychology, 41, 558563.Google Scholar
Zebrowitz, L. A., & Rhodes, G. (2004). Sensitivity to “bad genes” and the anomalous face overgeneralization effect: Cue validity, cue utilization, and accuracy in judging intelligence and health. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 28, 167185.Google Scholar

References

Amato, P. R., & Previti, D. (2003). People’s reasons for divorcing: Gender, social class, the life course, and adjustment. Journal of Family Issues, 24(5), 602626. doi:10.1177/0192513x03254507Google Scholar
Apostolou, M., & Christoforou, C. (2020). The art of flirting: What are the traits that make it effective? Personality and Individual Differences, 158. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2020.109866Google Scholar
Arnocky, S., & Piché, T. (2014). Cosmetic surgery as intrasexual competition: The mediating role of social comparison. Psychology, 5, 11971205. doi:10.4236/psych.2014.510132Google Scholar
Arslan, R. C., Schilling, K. M., Gerlach, T. M., & Penke, L. (2018). Using 26,000 diary entries to show ovulatory changes in sexual desire and behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. doi:10.1037/pspp0000208Google Scholar
Atari, M., Barbaro, N., Sela, Y., Shackelford, T. K., & Chegeni, R. (2017). Consideration of cosmetic surgery as part of women’s benefit-provisioning mate retention strategy. Frontiers in Psychology, 8(1389). doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01389CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Atkins, D. C., Baucom, D. H., & Jacobson, N. S. (2001). Understanding infidelity: Correlates in a national random sample. Journal of Family Psychology, 15(4), 735749. doi:10.1037/0893-3200.15.4.735Google Scholar
Baumeister, R. F., Catanese, K. R., & Vohs, K. D. (2001). Is there a gender difference in strength of sex drive? Theoretical views, conceptual distinctions, and a review of relevant evidence. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 5(3), 242273. doi:10.1207/s15327957pspr0503_5Google Scholar
Bech-Sørensen, J., & Pollet, T. V. (2016). Sex differences in mate preferences: A replication study, 20 years later. Evolutionary Psychological Science, 2(3), 171176. doi:10.1007/s40806-016-0048-6Google Scholar
Bendixen, M., & Kennair, L. E. O. (2015). Revisiting judgment of strategic self-promotion and competitor derogation tactics. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships. doi:10.1177/0265407514558959Google Scholar
Bendixen, M., & Kennair, L. E. O. (2017). Advances in the understanding of same-sex and opposite-sex sexual harassment. Evolution and Human Behavior, 38(5), 583591. doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2017.01.001Google Scholar
Bendixen, M., Kennair, L. E. O., Biegler, R., & Haselton, M. G. (2019). Adjusting signals of sexual interest in the most recent naturally occurring opposite-sex encounter in two different contexts. Evolutionary Behavioral Sciences, 13, 345365. doi:10.1037/ebs0000162Google Scholar
Bendixen, M., Kennair, L. E. O., & Grøntvedt, T. V. (2018). Casual sex. In Shackelford, T. K. & Weekes-Shackelford, V. A. (Eds.), Encyclopedia of evolutionary psychological science (pp. 18). Cham: Springer International Publishing.Google Scholar
Betzig, L. (1989). Causes of conjugal dissolution: A cross-cultural study. Current Anthropology, 30(5), 654676. doi:10.2307/2743579Google Scholar
Blake, K. R., Bastian, B., Denson, T. F., Grosjean, P., & Brooks, R. C. (2018). Income inequality not gender inequality positively covaries with female sexualization on social media. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115(35), 87228727. doi:10.1073/pnas.1717959115Google Scholar
Bleske, A. L., & Shackelford, T. K. (2001). Poaching, promiscuity, and deceit: Combatting mating rivalry in same-sex friendships. Personal Relationships, 8(4), 407424. doi:10.1111/j.1475-6811.2001.tb00048.xGoogle Scholar
Bleske-Rechek, A., & Buss, D. M. (2006). Sexual strategies pursued and mate attraction tactics deployed. Personality and Individual Differences, 40, 12991311. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2005.11.014Google Scholar
Bleske-Rechek, A., VandenHeuvel, B., & Vander Wyst, M. (2009). Age variation in mating strategies and mate preferences: Beliefs versus reality. Evolutionary Psychology, 7(2), 179205. doi:10.1177/147470490900700204Google Scholar
Blurton Jones, N. G., Marlowe, F. W., Hawkes, K., & O’Connell, J. F. (2000). Paternal investment and hunter-gatherer divorce rates. In Cronk, L., Chagnon, N. A., & Irons, W. (Eds.), Adaptation and human behavior: An anthropological perspective (pp. 6990). New York, NY: Aldine de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Botnen, E. O., Bendixen, M., Grøntvedt, T. V., & Kennair, L. E. O. (2018). Individual differences in sociosexuality predict picture-based mobile dating app use. Personality and Individual Differences, 131, 6773. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2018.04.021Google Scholar
Broude, G. J., & Greene, S. J. (1976). Cross-cultural codes on twenty sexual attitudes and practices. Ethnology, 15(4), 409429. doi:10.2307/3773308Google Scholar
Buss, D. M. (1988). The evolution of human intrasexual competition: Tactics of mate attraction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(4), 616628. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.54.4.616Google Scholar
Buss, D. M. (1989). Sex differences in human mate preferences: Evolutionary hypotheses tested in 37 cultures. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 12(1), 149. doi:10.1017/S0140525X00023992Google Scholar
Buss, D. M. (2017). Sexual conflict in human mating. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 26(4), 307313. doi:10.1177/0963721417695559Google Scholar
Buss, D. M., & Schmitt, D. P. (1993). Sexual strategy theory: An evolutionary perspective on human mating. Psychological Review, 100(2), 204232. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.100.2.204Google Scholar
Buss, D. M., & Shackelford, T. K. (1997). From vigilance to violence: Mate retention tactics in married couples. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 346361. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.72.2.346Google Scholar
Buss, D. M., & Shackelford, T. K. (2008). Attractive women want it all: Good genes, economic investment, parenting proclivities, and emotional commitment. Evolutionary Psychology, 6(1), 134146. doi:10.1177/147470490800600116Google Scholar
Buss, D. M., Shackelford, T. K., Kirkpatrick, L. A., & Larsen, R. J. (2001). A half century of mate preferences: The cultural evolution of values. Journal of Marriage and Family, 63, 491503. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2001.00491.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Byers, E. S. (2005). Relationship satisfaction and sexual satisfaction: A longitudinal study of individuals in long-term relationships. Journal of Sex Research, 42(2), 113118. doi:10.1080/00224490509552264Google Scholar
Campbell, A. (2004). Female competition: Causes, constraints, content, and context. Journal of Sex Research, 41, 1626. doi:10.1080/00224490409552210Google Scholar
Campbell, A. (2013). The evolutionary psychology of women’s aggression. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 368(1631), 20130078. doi:10.1098/rstb.2013.0078Google Scholar
Cohen, S. E., Todd, P. M., Kruschke, J. K., Garcia, J. R., & Fisher, H. E. (2019). Singles of both sexes expedite reproduction: Shifts in sexual-timing strategies before and after the typical age of female menopause. Evolution and Human Behavior, 40(6), 557569. doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2019.08.001Google Scholar
Conroy-Beam, D., & Buss, D. M. (2019). Why is age so important in human mating? Evolved age preferences and their influences on multiple mating behaviors. Evolutionary Behavioral Sciences, 13(2), 127157. doi:10.1037/ebs0000127Google Scholar
Conroy-Beam, D., Buss, D. M., Asao, K., Sorokowska, A., Sorokowski, P., Aavik, T., … & Zupančič, M. (2019). Contrasting computational models of mate preference integration across 45 countries. Scientific Reports, 9(1), 16885. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-52748-8Google Scholar
Conroy-Beam, D., Goetz, C. D., & Buss, D. M. (2015). Why do humans form long-term mateships? An evolutionary game-theoretic model. In Olson, J. M. & Zanna, M. P. (Eds.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 51, pp. 139). New York, NY: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Conroy-Beam, D., Roney, J. R., Lukaszewski, A. W., Buss, D. M., Asao, K., Sorokowska, A., … & Zupančič, M. (2019). Assortative mating and the evolution of desirability covariation. Evolution and Human Behavior. doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2019.06.003Google Scholar
Daly, M. (2016). Killing the competition: Economic inequality and homicide. Piscataway, NJ: Transaction Publishers.Google Scholar
Davies, A. P. C., Shackelford, T. K., & Hass, R. G. (2010). Sex differences in perceptions of benefits and costs of mate poaching. Personality and Individual Differences, 49(5), 441445. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2010.04.014Google Scholar
Davies, A. P. C., Tratner, A. E., & Shackelford, T. K. (2019). Not clearly defined, not reliably measured, and not replicable: Revisiting the definition and measurement of human mate poaching. Personality and Individual Differences, 145, 103105. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2019.03.036Google Scholar
Davis, A. C., & Arnocky, S. (2020). An evolutionary perspective on appearance enhancement behavior. Archives of Sexual Behavior. doi:10.1007/s10508-020-01745-4Google Scholar
Deschner, T., Heistermann, M., Hodges, K., & Boesch, C. (2004). Female sexual swelling size, timing of ovulation, and male behavior in wild West African chimpanzees. Hormones and Behavior, 46(2), 204215. doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2004.03.013Google Scholar
Dunn, P. O., Whittingham, L. A., & Pitcher, T. E. (2001). Mating systems, sperm competition, and the evolution of sexual dimorphism in birds. Evolution, 55(1), 161175. doi:10.1111/j.0014-3820.2001.tb01281.xGoogle Scholar
Durante, K. M., Li, N. P., & Haselton, M. G. (2008). Changes in women’s choice of dress across the ovulatory cycle: Naturalistic and laboratory task-based evidence. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 34(11), 14511460. doi:10.1177/0146167208323103Google Scholar
Easton, J. A., Confer, J. C., Goetz, C. D., & Buss, D. M. (2010). Reproduction expediting: Sexual motivations, fantasies, and the ticking biological clock. Personality and Individual Differences, 49(5), 516520. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2010.05.018Google Scholar
Eastwick, P. W., & Finkel, E. J. (2008). Sex differences in mate preferences revisited: Do people know what they initially desire in a romantic partner? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 94(2), 245264. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.94.2.245Google Scholar
Emery Thompson, M. (2005). Reproductive endocrinology of wild female chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii): Methodological considerations and the role of hormones in sex and conception. American Journal of Primatology, 67(1), 137158. doi:10.1002/ajp.20174Google Scholar
Erevik, E. K., Kristensen, J. H., Torsheim, T., Vedaa, Ø., & Pallesen, S. (2020). Tinder use and romantic relationship formations: A large-scale longitudinal study. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 1757. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01757Google Scholar
Fales, M. R., Frederick, D. A., Garcia, J. R., Gildersleeve, K. A., Haselton, M. G., & Fisher, H. E. (2016). Mating markets and bargaining hands: Mate preferences for attractiveness and resources in two national U.S. studies. Personality and Individual Differences, 88, 7887. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2015.08.041Google Scholar
Fink, B., Grammer, K., & Matts, P. J. (2006). Visible skin color distribution plays a role in the perception of age, attractiveness, and health in female faces. Evolution and Human Behavior, 27(6), 433442. doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2006.08.007Google Scholar
Fink, B., Klappauf, D., Brewer, G., & Shackelford, T. K. (2014). Female physical characteristics and intra-sexual competition in women. Personality and Individual Differences, 58, 138141. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2013.10.015Google Scholar
Fisher, M., & Cox, A. (2011). Four strategies used during intrasexual competition for mates. Personal Relationships, 18(1), 2038. doi:10.1111/j.1475-6811.2010.01307.xGoogle Scholar
Fisher, M., Cox, A., & Gordon, F. (2009). Self-promotion versus competitor derogation: The influence of sex and romantic relationship status on intrasexual competition strategy selection. Journal of Evolutionary Psychology, 7, 287308. doi:10.1556/jep.7.2009.4.6Google Scholar
Fisher, M. L. (2004). Female intrasexual competition decreases female facial attractiveness. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 271(suppl. 5), S283S285. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2004.0160Google Scholar
Fowler, S. A., & Both, L. E. (2020). The role of personality and risk-taking on Tinder use. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 2(1), 100067. doi:10.1016/j.ssaho.2020.100067Google Scholar
Frederick, D. A., Lever, J., & Peplau, L. A. (2007). Interest in cosmetic surgery and body image: Views of men and women across the lifespan. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 120(5), 14071415. doi:10.1097/01.prs.0000279375.26157.64Google Scholar
Gangestad, S. W., Garver-Apgar, C. E., Simpson, J. A., & Cousins, A. J. (2007). Changes in women’s mate preferences across the ovulatory cycle. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92(1), 151163. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.92.1.151Google Scholar
Gangestad, S. W., Thornhill, R., & Garver, C. E. (2002). Changes in women’s sexual interests and their partner’s mate-retention tactics across the menstrual cycle: Evidence for shifting conflicts of interest. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 269(1494), 975982. doi:10.1098/rspb.2001.1952Google Scholar
Goetz, C. D., Easton, J. A., Lewis, D. M. G., & Buss, D. M. (2012). Sexual exploitability: Observable cues and their link to sexual attraction. Evolution and Human Behavior, 33, 417426. doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2011.12.004CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grøntvedt, T. V., Bendixen, M., Botnen, E. O., & Kennair, L. E. O. (2020). Hook, line and sinker: Do Tinder matches and meet ups lead to one-night stands? Evolutionary Psychological Science, 6(2), 109118. doi:10.1007/s40806-019-00222-zGoogle Scholar
Grøntvedt, T. V., Grebe, N. M., Kennair, L. E. O., & Gangestad, S. W. (2017). Estrogenic and progestogenic effects of hormonal contraceptives in relation to sexual behavior: Insights into extended sexuality. Evolution and Human Behavior, 38(3), 283292. doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2016.10.006Google Scholar
Grøntvedt, T. V., & Kennair, L. E. O. (2013). Age preferences in a gender egalitarian society. Journal of Social, Evolutionary, and Cultural Psychology, 7(3), 239249. doi:10.1037/h0099199Google Scholar
Grøntvedt, T. V., Kennair, L. E. O., & Mehmetoglu, M. (2015). Factors predicting the probability of initiating sexual intercourse by context and sex. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 56(5), 516526. doi:10.1111/sjop.12215Google Scholar
Hall, J. H., & Fincham, F. D. (2006). Relationship dissolution following infidelity: The roles of attributions and forgiveness. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 25(5), 508522. doi:10.1521/jscp.2006.25.5.508Google Scholar
Haselton, M. G., & Gangestad, S. W. (2006). Conditional expression of women’s desires and men’s mate guarding across the ovulatory cycle. Hormones and Behavior, 49(4), 509518. doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2005.10.006Google Scholar
Haselton, M. G., Mortezaie, M., Pillsworth, E. G., Bleske-Rechek, A., & Frederick, D. A. (2007). Ovulatory shifts in human female ornamentation: Near ovulation, women dress to impress. Hormones and Behavior, 51(1), 4045. doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2006.07.007Google Scholar
Hill, S. E., Rodeheffer, C. D., Griskevicius, V., Durante, K., & White, A. E. (2012). Boosting beauty in an economic decline: Mating, spending, and the lipstick effect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 103(2), 275291. doi:10.1037/a0028657Google Scholar
Hrdy, S. B. (1997). Raising Darwin’s consciousness. Human Nature, 8(1), 149. doi:10.1007/s12110-997-1003-9Google Scholar
Hudders, L., De Backer, C., Fisher, M., & Vyncke, P. (2014). The rival wears Prada: Luxury consumption as a female competition strategy. Evolutionary Psychology, 12(3), 570587. doi:10.1177/147470491401200306Google Scholar
Hurtado, A. M., & Hill, K. R. (1992). Paternal effect on offspring survivorship among Ache and Hiwi hunter-gatherers: Implications for modeling pair-bond stability. In Hewlett, B. S. (Ed.), Father-child relations: Cultural and biosocial contexts (pp. 3156). New York, NY: Aldine de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Jonason, P. K., & Buss, D. M. (2012). Avoiding entangling commitments: Tactics for implementing a short-term mating strategy. Personality and Individual Differences, 52(5), 606610. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2011.12.015Google Scholar
Jonason, P. K., Li, N. P., & Buss, D. M. (2010). The costs and benefits of the Dark Triad: Implications for mate poaching and mate retention tactics. Personality and Individual Differences, 48(4), 373378. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2009.11.003Google Scholar
Kennair, L. E. O., Grøntvedt, T. V., Mehmetoglu, M., Perilloux, C., & Buss, D. M. (2015). Sex and mating strategy impact the 13 basic reasons for having sex. Evolutionary Psychological Science, 1(4), 207219. doi:10.1007/s40806-015-0024-6Google Scholar
Kenrick, D. T., & Keefe, R. C. (1992). Age preferences in mates reflect sex differences in human reproductive strategies. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 15(1), 7591. doi:10.1017/S0140525X00067595Google Scholar
Kirsner, B. R., Figueredo, A. J., & Jacobs, W. J. (2003). Self, friends, and lovers: Structural relations among Beck depression inventory scores and perceived mate values. Journal of Affective Disorders, 75(2), 131148. doi: 10.1016/s0165-0327(02)00048-4Google Scholar
Labrecque, L. T., & Whisman, M. A. (2017). Attitudes toward and prevalence of extramarital sex and descriptions of extramarital partners in the 21st century. Journal of Family Psychology, 31(7), 952957. doi:10.1037/fam0000280Google Scholar
Larsen, C. S. (2003). Equality for the sexes in human evolution? Early hominid sexual dimorphism and implications for mating systems and social behavior. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 100(16), 91039104. doi:10.1073/pnas.1633678100Google Scholar
Lassek, W. D., & Gaulin, S. J. C. (2019). Evidence supporting nubility and reproductive value as the key to human female physical attractiveness. Evolution and Human Behavior, 40(5), 408419. doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2019.05.001Google Scholar
Li, N. P., Valentine, K. A., & Patel, L. (2011). Mate preferences in the US and Singapore: A cross-cultural test of the mate preference priority model. Personality and Individual Differences, 50(2), 291294. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2010.10.005Google Scholar
Li, N. P., & Yong, J. C. (2017). Sexual conflict in mating strategies. In Shackelford, T. K. & Weekes-Shackelford, V. A. (Eds.), Encyclopedia of evolutionary psychological science (pp. 110). Cham: Springer International Publishing.Google Scholar
Li, N. P., Yong, J. C., Tov, W., Sng, O., Fletcher, G. J. O., Valentine, K. A., … & Balliet, D. (2013). Mate preferences do predict attraction and choices in the early stages of mate selection. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 105(5), 757776. doi:10.1037/a0033777Google Scholar
Lippa, R. A. (2007). The preferred traits of mates in a cross-national study of heterosexual and homosexual men and women: An examination of biological and cultural influences. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 36(2), 193208. doi:10.1007/s10508-006-9151-2Google Scholar
Marlowe, F. (2004). Mate preferences among Hadza hunter-gatherers. Human Nature, 15(4), 365376. doi:10.1007/s12110-004-1014-8Google Scholar
Marlowe, F. W. (2003). A critical period for provisioning by Hadza men: Implications for pair bonding. Evolution and Human Behavior, 24(3), 217229. doi:10.1016/S1090-5138(03)00014-XGoogle Scholar
Matsumoto-Oda, A. (1999). Female choice in the opportunistic mating of wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) at Mahale. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 46(4), 258266. doi:10.1007/s002650050618Google Scholar
Meltzer, A. L., McNulty, J. K., Jackson, G. L., & Karney, B. R. (2014). Men still value physical attractiveness in a long-term mate more than women: Rejoinder to Eastwick, Neff, Finkel, Luchies, and Hunt (2014). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 106(3), 435440. doi:10.1037/a0035342Google Scholar
Meston, C. M., & Buss, D. M. (2007). Why humans have sex. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 36(4), 477507. doi:10.1007/s10508-007-9175-2Google Scholar
Meston, C. M., & Buss, D. M. (2009). Why women have sex. New York, NY: Times Books.Google Scholar
Møller, A. P. (2000). Male parental care, female reproductive success, and extrapair paternity. Behavioral Ecology, 11(2), 161168. doi:10.1093/beheco/11.2.161Google Scholar
Moran, J. B., Salerno, K. J., & Wade, T. J. (2018). Snapchat as a new tool for sexual access: Are there sex differences? Personality and Individual Differences, 129, 1216. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2018.02.040Google Scholar
Nettle, D. (2005). An evolutionary approach to the extraversion continuum. Evolution and Human Behavior, 26(4), 363373. doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2004.12.004Google Scholar
Nettle, D., & Clegg, H. (2008). Personality, mating strategies, and mating intelligence. In Geher, G. & Miller, G. (Eds.), Mating intelligence: Sex, relationships, and the mind’s reproductive system (pp. 121134). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Google Scholar
Olson, E. S., Doss, E. R., & Perilloux, C. (2020). Friend or foe? Mate presence and rival type influence clothing-based female intrasexual competition. Evolutionary Psychological Science. doi:10.1007/s40806-020-00260-yGoogle Scholar
The Oxford handbook of women and competition. (2017). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Pedersen, F. A. (1991). Secular trends in human sex ratios. Human Nature, 2(3), 271291. doi:10.1007/BF02692189Google Scholar
Pilakouta, N., Hanlon, E. J. H., & Smiseth, P. T. (2018). Biparental care is more than the sum of its parts: Experimental evidence for synergistic effects on offspring fitness. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 285(1884), 20180875. doi:10.1098/rspb.2018.0875Google Scholar
Schmitt, D. P. (2002). A meta-analysis of sex differences in romantic attraction: Do rating contexts moderate tactic effectiveness judgments? British Journal of Social Psychology, 41, 387402. doi:10.1348/014466602760344278Google Scholar
Schmitt, D. P. (2004). Patterns and universals of mate poaching across 53 nations: The effects of sex, culture, and personality on romantically attracting another person’s partner. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 86(4), 560584. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.86.4.560Google Scholar
Schmitt, D. P. (2005). Sociosexuality from Argentina to Zimbabwe: A 48-nation study of sex, culture, and strategies of human mating. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 28(2), 247311. doi:10.1017/s0140525x05000051Google Scholar
Schmitt, D. P., Alcalay, L., Allik, J., Alves, I. C. B., Anderson, C. A., Angelini, A. L., … & Kökény, T. (2017). Narcissism and the strategic pursuit of short-term mating: Universal links across 11 world regions of the International Sexuality Description Project-2. Psihologijske Teme, 26(1), 89137. doi:10.31820/pt.26.1.5Google Scholar
Schmitt, D. P., & Buss, D. M. (1996). Strategic self-promotion and competitor derogation: Sex and context effects on the perceived effectiveness of mate attraction tactics. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70(6), 11851204. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.70.6.1185Google Scholar
Schmitt, D. P., & Buss, D. M. (2001). Human mate poaching: Tactics and temptations for infiltrating existing mateships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80(6), 894917. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.80.6.894Google Scholar
Schmitt, D. P., & Shackelford, T. K. (2008). Big Five traits related to short-term mating: From personality to promiscuity across 46 nations. Evolutionary Psychology, 6(2), 246282. doi:10.1177/147470490800600204Google Scholar
Sevi, B., Aral, T., & Eskenazi, T. (2018). Exploring the hook-up app: Low sexual disgust and high sociosexuality predict motivation to use Tinder for casual sex. Personality and Individual Differences, 133, 1720. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2017.04.053Google Scholar
Shackelford, T. K., Schmitt, D. P., & Buss, D. M. (2005). Universal dimensions of human mate preferences. Personality and Individual Differences, 39(2), 447458. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2005.01.023Google Scholar
Stumpf, R. M., & Boesch, C. (2005). Does promiscuous mating preclude female choice? Female sexual strategies in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) of the Taï National Park, Côte d’Ivoire. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 57(5), 511524. doi:10.1007/s00265-004-0868-4Google Scholar
Thomas, A. G., Jonason, P. K., Blackburn, J. D., Kennair, L. E. O., Lowe, R., Malouff, J., … & Li, N. P. (2020). Mate preference priorities in the East and West: A cross-cultural test of the mate preference priority model. Journal of Personality, 88(3), 606620. doi:10.1111/jopy.12514Google Scholar
Thompson, A. P. (1983). Extramarital sex: A review of the research literature. Journal of Sex Research, 19(1), 122. doi:10.1080/00224498309551166Google Scholar
Timmermans, E., & De Caluwé, E. (2017a). Development and validation of the Tinder Motives Scale (TMS). Computers in Human Behavior, 70, 341350. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2017.01.028Google Scholar
Timmermans, E., & De Caluwé, E. (2017b). To Tinder or not to Tinder, that’s the question: An individual differences perspective to Tinder use and motives. Personality and Individual Differences, 110, 7479. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2017.01.026Google Scholar
Trivers, R. L. (1972). Parental investment and sexual selection. In Cambell, B. (Ed.), Sexual selection and the descent of man: 1871–1971 (pp. 139179). Chicago, IL: Aldine.Google Scholar
Vaillancourt, T., & Sharma, A. (2011). Intolerance of sexy peers: Intrasexual competition among women. Aggressive Behavior, 37(6), 569577. doi:10.1002/ab.20413Google Scholar
Wade, T. J., & Slemp, J. (2015). How to flirt best: The perceived effectiveness of flirtation techniques. Interpersona: An International Journal on Personal Relationships, 9(1), 3243. doi:10.5964/ijpr.v9i1.178Google Scholar
Walter, K. V., Conroy-Beam, D., Buss, D. M., Asao, K., Sorokowska, A., Sorokowski, P., … & Zupančič, M. (2020). Sex differences in mate preferences across 45 countries: A large-scale replication. Psychological Science. doi:10.1177/0956797620904154Google Scholar
Weckerly, F. W. (1998). Sexual-size dimorphism: Influence of mass and mating systems in the most dimorphic mammals. Journal of Mammalogy, 79(1), 3352. doi:10.2307/1382840Google Scholar
White, J., Lorenz, H., Perilloux, C., & Lee, A. (2018). Creative Casanovas: Mating strategy predicts using – but not preferring – atypical flirting tactics. Evolutionary Psychological Science, 4(4), 443455. doi:10.1007/s40806-018-0155-7Google Scholar
Wiederman, M. W. (1997). Extramarital sex: Prevalence and correlates in a national survey. Journal of Sex Research, 34(2), 167174. doi:10.1080/00224499709551881Google Scholar
Wood, J. R., Milhausen, R. R., & Jeffrey, N. K. (2014). Why have sex? Reasons for having sex among lesbian, bisexual, queer, and questioning women in romantic relationships. The Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality, 23(2), 7588. doi:10.3138/cjhs.2592Google Scholar
Wyckoff, J. P., Asao, K., & Buss, D. M. (2019). Gossip as an intrasexual competition strategy: Predicting information sharing from potential mate versus competitor mating strategies. Evolution and Human Behavior, 40(1), 96104. doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2018.08.006Google Scholar

References

Allen, E. S., Rhoades, G. K., Stanley, S. M., Markman, H. J., Williams, T., Melton, J., … & Clements, M. L. (2008). Premarital precursors of marital infidelity. Family Processes, 47(2), 243259. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1545-5300.2008.00251.xGoogle Scholar
Altgelt, E. E., Reyes, M. A., French, J. E., Meltzer, A. L., & McNulty, J. K. (2018). Who is sexually faithful? Own and partner personality traits as predictors of infidelity. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 35(4), 600614. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407517743085Google Scholar
Amanatodou, E., Matthews, A. C., Kuhlicke, U., Neu, T. R., McEvoy, J. P., & Raymond, B. (2019). Biofilms facilitate cheating and social exploitation of β-lactam resistance in Escherichia coli. npj Biofilms and Microbiomes, 5, 36. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41522–019-0109-2Google Scholar
Andrews, P. W., Gangestad, S. W., Miller, G. F., Haselton, M. G., Thornhill, R., & Neale, M. C. (2008). Sex differences in detecting sexual infidelity: Results of a maximum likelihood method for analyzing the sensitivity of sex differences to underreporting. Human Nature, 19(4), 347373. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12110–008-9051-3Google Scholar
Apostolou, M. (2019). Why Greek-Cypriots cheat? The evolutionary origins of the Big-Five of infidelity. Evolutionary Behavioral Sciences, 13(1), 7183. https://doi.org/10.1037/ebs0000140Google Scholar
Apostolou, M., & Demosthenous, A. (2020). Why people forgive their intimate partners’ infidelity: A taxonomy of reasons. Adaptive Human Behavior and Physiology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40750–020-00153-1Google Scholar
Apostolou, M., & Panayiotou, R. (2019). The reasons that prevent people from cheating on their partners: An evolutionary account of the propensity not to cheat. Personality and Individual Differences, 146, 3440. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2019.03.041Google Scholar
AshleyMadison.com. (2020). Ashley Madison. Retrieved from www.ashleymadison.com/Google Scholar
Baker, R. R., & Bellis, M. A. (1995). Human sperm competition: Copulation, masturbation, and infidelity. Norwell, MA: Chapman & Hall.Google Scholar
Barbaro, N., Pham, M. N., & Shackelford, T. K. (2015). Solving the problem of partner infidelity: Individual mate retention, coalitional mate retention, and in-pair copulation frequency. Personality and Individual Differences, 82, 6771. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.02.033Google Scholar
Barbaro, N., Shackelford, T. K., Holub, A. M., Jeffery, A. J., Lopes, G. S., & Zeigler-Hill, V. (2019). Life history correlates of human (Homo sapiens) ejaculate quality. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 133(3), 294300. https://doi.org/10.1037/com0000161Google Scholar
Bogaert, A. F., & Sadava, S. (2002). Adult attachment and sexual behavior. Personal Relationships, 9(2), 191204. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6811.00012Google Scholar
Brand, R. J., Markey, C. M., Mills, A., & Hodges, S. D. (2007). Sex differences in self-reported infidelity and its correlates. Sex Roles, 57(1–2), 101109. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199–007-9221-5Google Scholar
Burch, R. L., & Gallup, G. G. Jr. (2020). Abusive men are driven by paternal uncertainty. Evolutionary Behavioral Sciences, 14(2), 197209. https://doi.org/10.1037/ebs0000163Google Scholar
Burris, R. P., & Little, A. C. (2006). Effects of partner conception risk phase on male perception of dominance in faces. Evolution and Human Behavior, 27(4), 297305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2006.01.002Google Scholar
Buss, D. M. (2000). The dangerous passion: Why jealousy is as necessary as love and sex. New York, NY: The Free PressGoogle Scholar
Buss, D. M. (2007). The evolution of human mating. Acta Psychologia Sinica, 39(3), 502512. https://doi.org/10.1177/147470490800600116Google Scholar
Buss, D. M. (2016). The evolution of desire: Strategies of human mating (Revised and updated edition). New York, NY: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Buss, D. M. (2018). Sexual and emotional infidelity: Evolved gender differences in jealousy prove robust and replicable. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 13(2), 155160. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691617698225Google Scholar
Buss, D. M., Durkee, P. K., Shackelford, T. K., Bowdle, B. F., Schmitt, D. P., Brase, G. L., … & Trofimova, I. (2020). Human status criteria: Sex differences and similarities across 14 nations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 119(5), 979998. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspa0000206Google Scholar
Buss, D. M., Goetz, C., Duntley, J. D., Asao, K., & Conroy-Beam, D. (2017). The mate switching hypothesis. Personality and Individual Differences, 104, 143149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.07.022Google Scholar
Buss, D. M., Larsen, R. J., Westen, D., & Semmelroth, J. (1992). Sex differences in jealousy: Evolution, physiology, and psychology. Psychological Science, 3(4), 251255. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.1992.tb00038.xGoogle Scholar
Buss, D. M., & Schmitt, D. (1993). Sexual strategies theory: An evolutionary perspective on human mating. Psychological Review, 100(2), 204232. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295x.100.2.204Google Scholar
Buunk, B. P., & Bakker, A. B. (1995). Extradyadic sex: The role of descriptive and injunctive norms. Journal of Sex Research, 32(4), 313318. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499509551804Google Scholar
Cantú, S. M., Simpson, J. A., Griskevicius, V., Weisberg, Y. J., Durante, K. M., & Beal, D. J. (2014). Fertile and selectively flirty: Women’s behavior toward men changes across the ovulatory cycle. Psychological Science, 25(2), 431438. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797613508413Google Scholar
Confer, J. C., & Cloud, M. D. (2011). Sex differences in response to imagining a partner’s heterosexual or homosexual affair. Personality and Individual Differences, 50(2), 129134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2010.09.007Google Scholar
Cosmides, L., & Tooby, J. (1987). From evolution to behavior: Evolutionary psychology as the missing link. In Dupre, J. (Ed.), The latest on the best: Essays on evolution and optimality (pp. 277306). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Daly, M., & Wilson, M. (1988). Homicide. Hawthorne, NJ: Aldine de Gruyter.Google ScholarPubMed
Dawkins, R. (1989). The selfish gene, 2nd ed. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Del Corral, M. (2015). Why do people keep their promises? An overview of strategic commitment. Cuadernos de Economía, 34(65), 237259. https://doi.org/10.15446/cuad.econ.v34n65.40511Google Scholar
Dias, R. I., Salles, P., & Macedo, R. H. (2009). Mate guarding and searching for extra-pair copulations: Decision-making when interests diverge. Ecological Informatics, 4(5–6), 405412. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2009.09.008Google Scholar
Dixson, A. F. (2009a). Book review: The evolutionary biology of human female sexuality. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 38(6), 10671069. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508–009-9584-5Google Scholar
Dixson, A. F. (2009b). Sexual selection and the origins of human mating systems. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Doffman, Z. (2019). Ashley Madison has signed 30 million cheating spouses. Again. Has anything changed? Forbes. Retrieved from www.forbes.com/sites/zakdoffman/2019/08/23/ashley-madison-is-back-with-30-million-cheating-spouses-signed-since-the-hack/?sh=34c5833c3878Google Scholar
Drigotas, S. M., & Barta, W. (2001). The cheating heart: Scientific explorations of infidelity. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 10(5), 177180. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8721.00143Google Scholar
Drummond, H., Ramos, A. G., Sánchez-Macouzet, O., & Rodríguez, C. (2016). An unsuspected cost of mate familiarity: Increased loss of paternity. Animal Behaviour, 111, 213216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2015.10.019Google Scholar
Duntley, J. D., & Buss, D. M. (2011). Homicide adaptations. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 16(5), 399410. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2011.04.016Google Scholar
ESHRE Capri Workshop Group. (2010). Europe the continent with the lowest fertility. Human Reproduction Update, 16(6), 590602. https://doi.org/10.1093/humupd/dmq023Google Scholar
Ellis, B. J., Figueredo, A. J., Brumbach, B. H., & Schlomer, G. L. (2009). Fundamental dimensions of environmental risk: The impact of harsh versus unpredictable environments on the evolution and development of life history strategies. Human Nature, 20(2), 204268. doi:10.1007/s12110-009-9063-7Google Scholar
Ein-Dor, T., Perry-Paldi, A., Hirschberger, G., Birnbaum, G. E., & Deutsch, D. (2015). Coping with mate poaching: Gender differences in detection of infidelity-related threats. Evolution and Human Behavior, 36(1), 1724. http://doi-org-443.webvpn.fjmu.edu.cn/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2014.08.002Google Scholar
Figueredo, A. J., Wolf, P. S. A., Olderbak, S. G., Gladden, P. R., Fernandes, H. B., Wenner, C., … & Rushton, J. P. (2014). The psychometric assessment of human life history strategy: A meta-analytic construct validation. Evolutionary Behavioral Sciences, 8(3), 148185. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0099837Google Scholar
Fish, J. N., Pavkov, T. W., Wetchler, J. L., & Bercik, J. (2012). Characteristics of those who participate in infidelity: The role of adult attachment and differentiation in extradyadic experiences. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 40(3), 214229. https://doi.org/10.1080/01926187.2011.601192Google Scholar
Fisher, H. E. (1989). Evolution of human serial pairbonding. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 78(3), 331354. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.1330780303Google Scholar
Fisher, H. E (1992). Anatomy of love: The natural history of monogamy, adultery, and divorce. New York, NY: W.W. Norton.Google Scholar
Fisher, H. E. (2006). The drive to love: The neural mechanism for mate choice. In Sternberg, J. R. & Barnes, M. L. (Eds.), The psychology of love, 2nd ed. (pp. 87115). New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Fisher, H. E. (2011). Serial monogamy and clandestine adultery: Evolution and consequences of the dual human reproductive strategy. In Roberts, S. C. (Ed.), Applied evolutionary psychology (pp. 96111). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199586073.003.0007Google Scholar
Fisher, H. E., Xu, X., Aron, A., & Brown, L. L. (2016). Intense, passionate, romantic love: A natural addiction? How the fields that investigate romance and substance abuse can inform each other. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 687. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00687Google Scholar
Foerster, K., Delhey, K., Johnsen, A., Lifjeld, J. T., & Kempenaers, B. (2003). Females increase offspring heterozygosity and fitness through extra-pair matings. Nature, 425(6959),714717. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01969Google Scholar
Frederick, D. A., & Fales, M. R. (2016). Upset over sexual versus emotional infidelity among gay, lesbian, bisexual, and heterosexual adults. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 45(1), 175191. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508–014-0409-9Google Scholar
Gangestad, S. W. (2008). Biological adaptations and human behavior. In Crawford, C. & Krebs, D. (Eds.), Foundations of evolutionary psychology (pp. 153172). New York, NY: Taylor & Francis.Google Scholar
Gangestad, S. W., & Cousins, A. J. (2001). Adaptive design, female mate preferences, and shifts across the menstrual cycle. Annual Review of Sex Research, 12, 145185.Google Scholar
Gangestad, S. W., Garver-Apgar, C. E., Cousins, A. J., & Thornhill, R. (2014). Intersexual conflict across women’s ovulatory cycle. Evolution and Human Behavior, 35(4), 302308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2014.02.012Google Scholar
Gangestad, S. W., & Thornhill, R. (1997a). Human sexual selection and developmental stability. In Simpson, J. A. & Kenrick, D. T. (Eds.), Evolutionary social psychology (pp. 169196). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Google Scholar
Gangestad, S. W., & Thornhill, R. (1997b). The evolutionary psychology of extrapair sex: The role of fluctuating asymmetry. Evolution and Human Behavior, 18(2), 6988. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1090–5138(97)00003-2Google Scholar
Gangestad, S. W., & Thornhill, R. (1998). Menstrual cycle variation in women’s preferences for the scent of symmetrical men. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 265(1399), 927933. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.1998.0380Google Scholar
Gangestad, S. W., & Thornhill, R. (1999). Individual differences in developmental precision and fluctuating asymmetry: A model and its implications. Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 12(2), 406416. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1420-9101.1999.00039.xGoogle Scholar
Gangestad, S. W., & Thornhill, R. (2008). The evolutionary biology of human female sexuality. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Gangestad, S. W., Thornhill, R., & Garver, C. E. (2002). Change in women’s sexual interest and their partners’ mate-retention tactics across the menstrual cycle: Evidence for shifting conflicts of interest. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 269(1494), 975982. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2001.1952Google Scholar
Gray, E. M. (1997). Do female red-winged blackbirds benefit genetically from seeking extra-pair copulations? Animal Behaviour, 53(3), 605623. https://doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1996.0337Google Scholar
Griffith, S. C., Owens, I. P. F., & Thuman, K. A. (2002). Extra pair paternity in birds: A review of interspecific variation and adaptive function. Molecular Ecology, 11(11), 21952212. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294X.2002.01613.xGoogle Scholar
Guéguen, N. (2012). Gait and menstrual cycle: Ovulating women use sexier gaits and walk slowly ahead of men. Gait & Posture, 35(4), 621624. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2011.12.011Google Scholar
Guitar, A. E., Geher, G. G., Kruger, D. J., Garcia, J. R., Fisher, M. L., & Fitzgerald, C. J. (2017). Defining and distinguishing sexual and emotional infidelity. Current Psychology, 36(3), 434446. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144–016-9432-4Google Scholar
Hackathorn, J., & Ashdown, B. K. (2020). The webs we weave: Predicting infidelity motivations and extradyadic relationship satisfaction. Journal of Sex Research. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2020.1746954Google Scholar
Haselton, M. G., & Gangestad, S. W. (2006). Conditional expression of women’s desires and men’s mate guarding across the ovulatory cycle. Hormones and Behavior, 49(4), 509518. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2005.10.006Google Scholar
Haselton, M. G., Mortezaie, M., Pillsworth, E. G., Bleske-Rechek, A., & Frederick, D. A. (2007). Ovulatory shifts in human female ornamentation: Near ovulation, women dress to impress. Hormones & Behavior, 51(1), 4045. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2006.07.007Google Scholar
Head, M. L., Holman, L., Lanfear, R., Kahn, A. T., & Jennions, M. D. (2015). The extent and consequences of p-hacking in science. PLoS Biology, 13(3), e1002106. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002106Google Scholar
Hertlein, K. M., & Piercy, F. P. (2006). Internet infidelity: A critical review of the literature. The Family Journal, 14(4), 366371. https://doi.org/10.1177/1066480706290508Google Scholar
Hobbs, D. R., & Gallup, G. G. Jr. (2011). Songs as a medium for embedded reproductive messages. Evolutionary Psychology, 9(3), 390416. https://doi.org/10.1177/147470491100900309Google Scholar
Hughes, S. M., & Harrison, M. A. (2017). Your cheatin’ voice will tell on you: Detection of past infidelity from voice. Evolutionary Psychology, 15(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/1474704917711513Google Scholar
Hughes, S. M., & Harrison, M. A. (2018). Women reveal, men conceal: Current relationship disclosure when seeking an extrapair partner. Evolutionary Behavioral Sciences, 13(3), 272277. https://doi.org/10.1037/ebs0000133Google Scholar
Hughes, S. M., Harrison, M. A., & Gallup, G. G. Jr. (2004). Sex differences in mating strategies: Mate guarding, infidelity and multiple concurrent sex partners. Sexualities, Evolution & Gender, 6(1), 313. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616660410001733588Google Scholar
Hughes, S. M., Harrison, M. A., & Gallup, G. G. Jr. (2009). Sex-specific body configurations can be estimated from voice samples. Journal of Social, Evolutionary, and Cultural Psychology, 3(4), 343355. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0099311Google Scholar
IMDb. (2020a). The Bridges of Madison Country. Retrieved from www.imdb.com/title/tt0112579/?ref_=fn_al_tt_1Google Scholar
IMDb. (2020b). The Sound of Music. Retrieved from www.imdb.com/title/tt0059742/?ref_=fn_al_tt_1Google Scholar
IMDb. (2020c). The Thorn Birds. Retrieved from www.imdb.com/title/tt0085101/Google Scholar
Jankowiak, W., Nell, M. D., & Buckmaster, A. (2002). Managing infidelity: A cross-cultural perspective. Ethnology, 41(1), 85101. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4153022Google Scholar
Johnson, L., Petty, C. S., & Neaves, W. B. (1980). A comparative study of daily sperm production and testicular composition in humans and rats. Biology of Reproduction, 22(5), 12331243. https://doi.org/10.1093/biolreprod/22.5.1233Google Scholar
Jonason, P. K., Lyons, M., Baughman, H. M., & Vernon, P. A. (2014). What a tangled web we weave: The Dark Triad traits and deception. Personality and Individual Differences, 70, 117119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.06.038Google Scholar
Josephs, L. (2018). To cheat or not to cheat? The evolution of fidelity and infidelity. In Josephs, L. (Ed.), The dynamics of infidelity: Applying relationship science to psychotherapy practice (pp. 1943). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000053-002Google Scholar
Jünger, J., Motta-Mena, N. V., Cardenas, R., Bailey, D., Rosenfield, K. A., Schlid, C., … & Puts, D. A. (2018). Do women’s preferences for masculine voices shift across the ovulatory cycle? Hormones and Behavior, 106, 122134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2018.10.008Google Scholar
Kempenaers, B., & Schlicht, E. (2010) Extra-pair behaviour. In Kappeler, P. (Ed.) In animal behaviour: Evolution and mechanisms (pp. 359412). Berlin: Springer.Google Scholar
Kempenaers, B., Verheyen, G. R., & Dhondt, A. A. (1996). Extrapair paternity in the blue tit (Parus caeruleus): Female choice, male characteristics, and offspring quality. Behavioral Ecology, 8(5), 481492.Google Scholar
Kempenaers, B., Verheyen, G. R., Van der Broeck, M., Burke, T., Van Broeckhoven, C., & Dhondt, A. A. (1992). Extra-pair paternity results from female preference for high-quality males in the blue tit. Nature, 357, 494496.Google Scholar
Kerr, N. L. (1998). HARKing: Hypothesizing after the results are known. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 2(3), 196217. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327957pspr0203_4Google Scholar
Kiesner, J., Eisenlohr-Moul, T., & Mendle, J. (2020). Evolution, the menstrual cycle, and theoretical overreach. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 15(4), 11131130. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691620906440Google Scholar
Koehler, N., & Chisholm, J. S. (2007). Early psychosocial stress predicts extra-pair copulations. Evolutionary Psychology, 5(1), 184201. https://doi.org/10.1177/147470490700500111Google Scholar
Kruger, D. J., Fisher, M. L., Edelstein, R. S., Chopik, W. J., Fitzgerald, C. J., & Strout, S. L. (2013). Was that cheating? Perceptions vary by sex, attachment anxiety, and behavior. Evolutionary Psychology, 11, 159171. https://doi.org/10.1177/147470491301100115Google Scholar
Kurzban, R. (2012). Cheatin’ hearts and loaded guns: The high fitness stakes of country music lyrics. Review of General Psychology, 16(2), 187191. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027913Google Scholar
Lammers, J., Stoker, J. I., Jordan, J., Pollman, M., & Stapel, D. A. (2011). Power increases infidelity among men and women. Psychological Science, 22(9), 11911197. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797611416252Google Scholar
Larmuseau, M. H. D., Matthijs, K., & Wenseleers, T. (2016). Cuckolded fathers rare in human populations. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 31(5), 327329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2016.03.004Google Scholar
Larmuseau, M. H. D., van der Berg, P., Claerhout, S., Calafell, F., Boattini, A., Gruyters, L., … & Wenseleers, T. (2019). A historical-genetic reconstruction of human extra-pair paternity. Current Biology, 29(23), 41024107.e7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2019.09.075Google Scholar
Larmuseau, M. H. D., Van Geystelen, A., Defraene, G., Vanderheyden, N., Matthys, K., Wenseleers, T., … & Decorte, R. (2013). Low historical rates of cuckoldry in a Western European human population traced by Y-chromosome and genealogical data. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 280(1772), 18. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.2400Google Scholar
Larson, C. M., Pillsworth, E. G., & Haselton, M. G. (2012). Ovulatory shifts in women’s attractions to primary partners and other men: Further evidence of the importance of primary partner sexual attractiveness. PLoS One, 7(9), e44456. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0044456Google Scholar
LaSala, M. C. (2004). Monogamy of the heart: Extradyadic sex and gay male couples. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Social Services, 17(3), 124. https://doi.org/10.1300/J041v17n03_01Google Scholar
Laumann, E. O., Gagnon, J. H., Michael, R. T., & Michaels, S. (1994). The social organization of sexuality: Sexual practices in the United States. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Leivers, S., Simmons, L. W., & Rhodes, G. (2015). Men’s sexual faithfulness judgments may contain a kernel of truth. PLoS One, 10(8), e0134007. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0134007Google Scholar
Lopes, G. S., Shackelford, T. K., Buss, D. M., & Abed, M. G. (2020). Individual differences and disagreement in romantic relationships. Personality and Individual Differences, 155, 109735. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2019.109735Google Scholar
Lovejoy, O. C. (2009). Reexamining human origins in light of Ardipithecus ramidus. Science, 326(5949), 7478. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1175834Google Scholar
Luo, L., Becker, B., Geng, Y., Zhao, Z., Gao, S., Zhao, W., … & Kendrick, K. M. (2017). Sex-dependent neural effect of oxytocin during subliminal processing of negative emotion faces. NeuroImage, 162, 127137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.08.079Google Scholar
Magginetti, J., & Pillsworth, E. G. (2020). Women’s sexual strategies in pregnancy. Evolution and Human Behavior, 41(1), 7686. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2019.10.001Google Scholar
Maklakov, A. A., & Lubin, Y. (2006). Indirect genetic benefits of polyandry in a spider with direct costs of mating. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 61, 3138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265–006-0234-9Google Scholar
McBurney, D. H., Zapp, D. J., & Streeter, S. A. (2005). Preferred number of sexual partners: Tails of distributions and tales of mating systems. Evolution and Human Behavior, 26(3), 271278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2004.09.005Google Scholar
McDaniel, B. T., Drouin, M., & Cravens, J. D. (2017). Do you have anything to hide? Infidelity-related behaviors on social media sites and marital satisfaction. Computers in Human Behavior, 66, 8895. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.09.031Google Scholar
McKibbin, W. F., Starratt, V. G., Shackelford, T. K., & Goetz, A. T. (2011). Perceived risk of female infidelity moderates the relationship between objective risk of female infidelity and sexual coercion in humans (Homo sapiens). Journal of Comparative Psychology, 125(3), 370373. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0023146Google Scholar
McNamara, K. B., van Lieshout, E., & Simmons, L. W. (2014). A test of the sexy-sperm and good-sperm hypotheses for the evolution of polyandry. Behavioral Ecology, 25(4), 989995. https://doi.org/doi:10.1093/beheco/aru067Google Scholar
Miller, S. L., & Maner, J. K. (2008). Coping with romantic betrayal: Sex differences in response to partner infidelity. Evolutionary Psychology, 6(3), 413426. https://doi.org/10.1177/147470490800600305Google Scholar
Møller, A. P., & Birkhead, T. R. (1994). The evolution of plumage brightness in birds is related to extrapair paternity. Evolution, 48(4), 10891100. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1994.tb05296.xGoogle Scholar
Neese, R. M. (1990). Evolutionary explanations of emotions. Human Nature, 1(3), 261289. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02733986Google Scholar
NPR.com. (2009). The infidelity app. Retrieved from www.npr.org/sections/talk/2009/06/the_infidelity_app_1.htmlGoogle Scholar
NPR.com. (2015). Affair-enabling website Ashley Madison is compromised by hackers. Retrieved from www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/07/20/424637005/affair-enabling-website-ashley-madison-is-compromised-by-hackersGoogle Scholar
Parker, G. A. (1970). Sperm competition and its evolutionary consequences in the insects. Biological Reviews, 45(4), 525567. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-185X.1970.tb01176.xGoogle Scholar
Penton-Voak, I. S., & Perrett, D. I. (2000). Female preference for male faces changes cyclically: Further evidence. Evolution and Human Behavior, 21(1), 3948. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1090–5138(99)00033-1Google Scholar
Pillsworth, E. G., & Haselton, M. G. (2006a). Male sexual attractiveness predicts differential ovulatory shifts in female extra-pair attraction and male mate retention. Evolution and Human Behavior, 27(4), 247258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2005.10.002Google Scholar
Pillsworth, E. G., & Haselton, M. G. (2006b). Women’s sexual strategies: The evolution of long-term bonds and extrapair sex. Annual Review of Sex Research, 17(1), 59100. https://doi.org/10.1080/10532528.2006.10559837Google Scholar
Price, M. E., Cosmides, L., & Tooby, J. (2002). Punitive sentiment as an anti-free rider psychological device. Evolution and Human Behavior, 23(3), 203231. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1090–5138(01)00093-9Google Scholar
Puts, D. A. (2005). Mating context and menstrual phase affect women’s preferences for male voice pitch. Evolution and Human Behavior, 26(5), 388397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2005.03.001Google Scholar
Puts, D. A. (2006). Cyclic variation in women’s preferences for masculine traits: Potential hormonal causes. Human Nature, 17(1), 114127. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12110–006-1023-xGoogle Scholar
Puts, D. A. (2010). Beauty and the beast: Mechanisms of sexual selection in humans. Evolution and Human Behavior, 31(3), 157175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2010.02.005Google Scholar
Qi, X. Grueter, C. C., Fang, G., Huang, P., Zhang, J., Duan, Y., … & Li, B. (2020). Multilevel societies facilitate infanticide avoidance through increased extrapair matings. Animal Behaviour, 161, 127137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2019.12.014Google Scholar
Rad, M. S., Martingano, J., & Ginges, J. (2018). Toward a psychology of Homo sapiens: Making psychological science more representative of the human population. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115(45), 1140111405. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1721165115Google Scholar
Rhodes, G., Morley, G., & Simmons, L. W. (2013). Women can judge sexual unfaithfulness from unfamiliar men’s faces. Biology Letters, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2012.0908Google Scholar
Rodrigues, D., Lopes, D., & Pereira, M. (2017). Sociosexuality, commitment, sexual infidelity, and perceptions of infidelity: Data from the Second Love website. Journal of Sex Research, 54(2), 241253. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2016.1145182Google Scholar
Roeder, D. V., Husak, M. S., Murphy, M. T., & Pattern, M. A. (2019). Size, ornamentation, and flight feather morphology promote within-pair paternity in a sexually dimorphic passerine. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 73, 90. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265–019-2704-xGoogle Scholar
Roney, J. R., & Simmons, Z. L. (2016). Within-cycle fluctuations in progesterone negatively predict changes in both in-pair and extra-pair desire among partnered women. Hormones and Behavior, 81, 4552. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2016.03.008Google Scholar
Salmon, C., Fisher, M. L., & Burch, R. A. (2019). Evolutionary approaches: Integrating pornography preferences, short-term mating, and infidelity. Personality and Individual Differences, 148(1), 4549. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2019.05.030Google Scholar
Scelza, B. A., Prall, S. P., & Starkweather, K. (2020). Paternity confidence and social obligations explain men’s allocations to romantic partners in an experimental giving game. Evolution and Human Behavior, 41(1), 96103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2019.10.007Google Scholar
Schacht, R., & Kramer, K. L. (2019). Are we monogamous? A review of the evolution of pair-bonding in humans and its contemporary variation cross-culturally. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 7(230). https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2019.00230Google Scholar
Scheeren, P., de Apellániz, I. D. M., & Wagner, A. (2018). Marital infidelity: The experience of men and women. Temas em Psicologia, 26(1), 355369. https://doi.org/10.9788/TP2018.1-14PtGoogle Scholar
Scheib, J. E. (2001). Context-specific mate choice criteria: Women’s trade-offs in the contexts of long-term and extra-pair mateships. Personal Relationships, 8(4), 371389. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6811.2001.tb00046.xGoogle Scholar
Seal, D. W., Agostinelli, G., & Hannett, C. A. (1994). Extradyadic romantic involvement: Moderating effects of sociosexuality and gender. Sex Roles, 31, 122. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01560274Google Scholar
Shackelford, T. K., Besser, A., & Goetz, A. T. (2008). Personality, marital satisfaction, and probability of marital infidelity. Individual Differences Research, 6(1), 1325.Google Scholar
Shackelford, T. K., & Buss, D. M. (1997a). Cues to infidelity. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23(10), 10341045. https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672972310004Google Scholar
Shackelford, T. K., & Buss, D. M. (1997b). Marital satisfaction in evolutionary psychological perspective. In Sternberg, R. J. & Hojjat, M. (Eds.), Satisfaction in close relationships (pp. 725). New York, NY: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Shackelford, T. K., Buss, D. M., & Bennett, K. (2001). Forgiveness or breakup: Sex differences in responses to a partner’s infidelity. Cognition & Emotion, 16(2), 299307. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930143000202Google Scholar
Shackelford, T. K., LeBlanc, G. J., & Drass, E. (2000). Emotional reactions to infidelity. Cognition & Emotion, 14(5), 643659. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930050117657Google Scholar
Schmitt, D. P. (2004). The Big Five related to risky sexual behaviour across 10 world regions: Differential personality associations of sexual promiscuity and relationship infidelity. European Journal of Personality, 18(4), 301319. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.520Google Scholar
Schmitt, D. P. (2008). Evolutionary psychology research methods. In Crawford, C. & Krebs, D. (Eds.), Foundations of evolutionary psychology (pp. 215236). New York, NY: Taylor & Francis.Google Scholar
Schützwohl, A. (2005). Sex differences in jealousy: The processing of cues to infidelity. Evolution and Human Behavior, 26(3), 288299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2004.09.003Google Scholar
Shelton, J. D. (2009). Why multiple sexual partners? The Lancet, 374(9687), 367369. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140–6736(09)61399-4Google Scholar
Simmons, L. W., Firman, R. C., Rhodes, G., & Peters, M. (2004). Human sperm competition: Testis size, sperm production and rates of extrapair copulations. Animal Behaviour, 68(2), 297302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2003.11.013Google Scholar
Singletary, B., & Tecot, S. (2019). Multimodal pair-bond maintenance: A review of signaling across modalities in pair-bonded nonhuman primates. American Journal of Primatology, 82(3), e23105. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajp.23105Google Scholar
Statista Research. (2020). Population of Belgium from 2009 to 2020, by region. Retrieved from www.statista.com/statistics/517196/population-of-belgium-by-region/Google Scholar
Stewart, A. J., & Plotkin, J. B. (2014). Collapse of cooperation in evolving games. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 11(49), 1755817563. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1408618111Google Scholar
Symons, D. (1979). The evolution of human sexuality. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Tadinac, M. (2020). There and back again: On the need to put the proximate back into causation. Evolutionary Behavioral Sciences, 14(4), 379383. https://doi.org/10.1037/ebs0000208Google Scholar
Takahaski, H., Matsuura, M., Yahata, N., Koeda, M., Suhara, T., & Okubo, Y. (2006). Men and women show distinct brain activations during imagery of sexual and emotional infidelity. NeuroImage, 32(3), 12991307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.05.049Google Scholar
Thornhill, R., & Gangestad, S. W. (1996). The evolution of human sexuality. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 11(2), 98102. https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-5347(96)81051-2Google Scholar
Thornhill, R., & Gangestad, S. W. (1999). The scent of symmetry: A human pheromone that signals fitness? Evolution and Human Behavior, 20(3), 175201. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1090–5138(99)00005-7Google Scholar
Thornhill, R., & Gangestad, S. W. (2003). Do women have evolved adaptation for extra-pair copulation? In Voland, E. & Grammar, K. (Eds.), Evolutionary aesthetics (pp. 341368). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-07142-7_13Google Scholar
Thornhill, R., & Gangestad, S. W. (2008). The evolutionary biology of human female sexuality. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Trivers, R. L. (1972). Parental investment and sexual selection. In Campbell, B. H. (Ed.), Sexual selection and the descent of man, 1871–1971 (pp. 136179). Chicago, IL: Aldine.Google Scholar
Tsapelas, I, Fisher, H. E., & Aron, A. (2010) Infidelity: When, where, why. In Cupach, W. R. & Spitzberg, B. H. (Eds.), The dark side of close relationships II (pp. 175196). New York, NY: Routledge.Google Scholar
Urooj, A., Anis-ul-Haque, , & Anjum, G. (2015). Perception of emotional and sexual infidelity among married men and women. Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research, 30(2), 421439.Google Scholar
van Stein, K. R., Strauß, B., & Brenk-Franz, K. (2019). Ovulatory shifts in sexual desire but not mate preferences: An LH-test-confirmed, longitudinal study. Evolutionary Psychology, 17(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/1474704919848116Google Scholar
Vulic´, M., & Kolter, R. (2001). Evolutionary cheating in Escherichia coli stationary phase cultures. Genetics, 158(2), 519526. PMID: 11404318Google Scholar
Wallner, B., Windhager, S., Schaschl, H., Nemeth, M., Pflüger, L.S., Fieder, M., … & Seidler, H. (2019). Sexual attractiveness: A comparative approach to morphological, behavioral and neurophysiological aspects of sexual signaling in women and nonhuman female primates. Adaptive Human Behavior and Physiology, 5, 164186. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40750–019-00111-6Google Scholar
Walum, H., Westberg, L., Henningsson, S., Neiderhiser, J. M., Reiss, D., Igl, W., … & Lichtenstein, P. (2008). Genetic variation in the vasopressin receptor 1a gene (AVPR1A) associates with pair-bonding behavior in humans. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 105(37), 1415314156. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0803081105Google Scholar
Wang, Y., & Apostolou, M. (2019). Male tolerance to same-sex infidelity: A cross-cultural investigation. Evolutionary Psychology, 17(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/1474704919843892Google Scholar
Warrington, M. H., Rollins, L. A., Russell, A. F., & Griffith, S. C. (2015). Sequential polyandry through divorce and re-pairing in a cooperatively breeding bird reduces helper-offspring relatedness. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 69, 13111321. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265–015-1944-7Google Scholar
Whisman, M. A., & Snyder, D. K. (2007). Sexual infidelity in a national survey of American women: Differences in prevalence and correlates as a function of method of assessment. Journal of Family Psychology, 21(2), 147154. https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-3200.21.2.147Google Scholar
White, T. D., Asfaw, B., Beyene, Y., Haile-Selassie, Y., Lovejoy, C. O., Suwa, G., & WoldeGabriel, G. (2009). Ardipithecus ramidus and the paleobiology of early hominids. Science, 326(5949), 7586. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1175802Google Scholar
Wigby, S., & Chapmen, T. (2004). Sperm competition. Current Biology, 14(3), PR100-R103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2004.01.013Google Scholar
Willis, M., Birthrong, A., King, J. S., Nelson-Gray, R. O., & Latzman, R. D. (2017). Are infidelity tolerance and rape myth acceptance related constructs? An association moderated by psychopathy and narcissism. Personality and Individual Differences, 117(15), 230235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2017.06.015Google Scholar
Wilson, M., & Daly, M. (1992). The man who mistook his wife for a chattel. In Barkow, J. H., Cosmides, L., & Tooby, J. (Eds), The adapted mind: Evolutionary psychology and the generation of culture. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Wilt, J., Harrison, M. A., & Michael, C. A. (2018). Attitudes and experiences of swinging couples. Psychology & Sexuality, 9(1), 3853. https://doi.org/10.1080/19419899.2017.1419984Google Scholar
Wischniewski, J., Windmann, S., Juckel, G., & Brüne, M. (2009). Rules of social exchange: Game theory, individual differences and psychopathology. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 33(3), 305313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2008.09.008Google Scholar
Worldometer. (2020). Countries in the world by population – 2020. Retrieved from www.worldometers.info/world-population/population-by-country/Google Scholar
Xu, L., Becker, B., Luo, R., Zheng, X., Zhao, W., Zhang, Q., … & Kendrick, K. M. (2020). Oxytocin amplifies sex differences in human mate choice. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 112, 104483. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.104483Google Scholar
Zietsch, B. P., Westberg, L., Santtila, P., & Jern, P. (2015). Genetic analysis of human extrapair mating: Heritability, between-sex correlation, and receptor genes for vasopressin and oxytocin. Evolution and Human Behavior, 36(2), 130136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2014.10.001Google Scholar

References

Abed, T. R. (1998). The sexual competition hypothesis for eating disorders. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 71, 525547.Google Scholar
Arnocky, S. (2016). Desire to be included among desirable women. In Shackelford, T. K. & Weekes-Shackelford, V. A. (Eds.), Encyclopedia of evolutionary psychological science (pp. 17). New York, NY: Springer.Google Scholar
Arnocky, S. (2020). Mate-value moderates the relationship between intrasexual competitiveness and successful mate poaching. Evolutionary Psychological Science, 6, 346353.Google Scholar
Arnocky, S., Ribout, A., Mizra, R. S., & Knack, J. M. (2014). Perceived mate availability influences intrasexual competition, jealousy and mate-guarding behavior. Journal of Evolutionary Psychology, 12(1), 4564.Google Scholar
Arnocky, S., Sunderani, S., Miller, J. L., & Vaillancourt, T. (2012). Jealousy mediates the relationship between attractiveness comparison and females’ indirect aggression. Personal Relationships, 19, 290303.Google Scholar
Atari, M., & Jamali, R. (2016, April–June). Dimensions of women’s mate preferences: Validation of a mate preference scale in Iran. Evolutionary Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1177/1474704916651443Google Scholar
Bateman, A. J. (1948). Inter-sexual selection in Drosophila. Heredity, 2, 349368.Google Scholar
Baumeister, R. F., Reynolds, T., Winegard, B., & Voh, K. D. (2017). Competing for love: Applying sexual economics theory to mating contests. Journal of Economic Psychology, 63, 230241.Google Scholar
Baumeister, R. F., & Twenge, J. M. (2002). Cultural suppression of female sexuality. Review of General Psychology, 6, 166203.Google Scholar
Benenson, J. F. (2014). Warriors and worriers: The survival of the sexes. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Benenson, J. F., & Abadzi, H. (2020). Contest versus scramble competition: Sex differences in the quest for status. Current Opinion in Psychology, 33, 6268.Google Scholar
Benenson, J. F., Kuhn, M. N., Ryan, P. J., Ferranti, A. J., Blondin, R., Shea, M., … & Wrangham, R. W. (2014). Human males appear more prepared than females to resolve conflicts with same-sex peers. Human Nature, 25 , 251268.Google Scholar
Benenson, J. F., Markovits, H., Hultgren, B., Nguyen, T., Bullock, G., & Wrangham, R. (2013). Social exclusion: more important to human females than males. PLoS One, 8(2), e55851.Google Scholar
Björkqvist, K. (1994). Sex differences in physical, verbal, and indirect aggression: A review of recent research. Sex Roles, 30, 177188.Google Scholar
Bleske, A. L., & Shackelford, T. K. (2001). Poaching, promiscuity, and deceit: Combatting mating rivalry in same-sex friendships. Personal Relationships, 8, 407424.Google Scholar
Borau, S., & Bonnefon, J-F. (2019). The imaginary intrasexual competition: Advertisements featuring provocative female models trigger women to engage in indirect aggression. Journal of Business Ethics, 157, 4563.Google Scholar
Bribiescas, R. G., Ellison, P. T., & Gray, P. B. (2012). Male life history, reproductive effort, and the evolution of the genus Homo: New directions and perspectives. Current Anthropology, 53(S6), S424S435.Google Scholar
Buss, D. M. (1988). The evolution of human intrasexual competition: Tactics of mate attraction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(4), 616628.Google Scholar
Buss, D. M. (1989). Sex differences in human mate preferences: Evolutionary hypotheses tested in 37 cultures. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 12, 149.Google Scholar
Buss, D. M., & Dedden, L. A. (1990). Derogation of competitors. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 7, 395422.Google Scholar
Buss, D. M., & Shackelford, T. K. (2008). Attractive women want it all: Good genes, economic investment, parenting proclivities, and emotional commitment. Evolutionary Psychology, 6(1), 134146Google Scholar
Buunk, A., & Fisher, M. (2009). Individual differences in intrasexual competition. Journal of Evolutionary Psychology, 7, 3748.Google Scholar
Cai, Z., Hahn, A., Zhang, W., Holzleitner, I. J., Lee, A. J., DeBruine, L. M., & Jones, B. C. (2019). No evidence that facial attractiveness, femininity, averageness, or coloration are cues to susceptibility to infectious illnesses in a university sample of young adult women. Evolution and Human Behavior, 40(2), 156159.Google Scholar
Campbell, A. (1999). Staying alive: Evolution, culture, and women’s intrasexual aggression. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 22(2), 203214.Google Scholar
Campbell, A. (2004). Female competition: Causes, constraints, content, and contexts. Journal of Sex Research, 41, 1626.Google Scholar
Campbell, A. (2011) Ladies, choose your weapons. The Evolutionary Review, 2, 106112.Google Scholar
Campbell, A. (2013). The evolutionary psychology of women’s aggression. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 368.Google Scholar
Campbell, A. (2020). Survival, selection, and sex differences in fear. In Workman, L., Reader, W., & Barkow, J. (Eds.), The Cambridge handbook of evolutionary perspectives on human behavior (pp. 313329). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Cross, C. P., & Campbell, A. C. (2014). Violence and aggression in women. In Shackelford, T. K. & Hansen, R. D. (Eds.), Evolutionary psychology. The evolution of violence (pp. 211232). New York, NY: Springer Science and Business Media.Google Scholar
Darwin, C. R. (1871). The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. London: John Murray.Google Scholar
Davis, A. C., Dufort, C., Desrochers, J., Vaillancourt, T., & Arnocky, S. (2018). “Gossip as an intrasexual competition strategy: Sex differences in gossip frequency, content, and attitudes”: Correction. Evolutionary Psychological Science, 4(2), 154.Google Scholar
DelPriore, D. J., Bradshaw, H. K., & Hill, S. E. (2018). Appearance enhancement produces a strategic beautification penalty among women. Evolutionary Behavioral Sciences, 12(4), 348366.Google Scholar
Dijkstra, P., & Buunk, A. P. (2002). Sex differences in the jealousy-evoking effect of rival characteristics. European Journal of Social Psychology, 32, 829852.Google Scholar
Dillon, H., Adair, L., & Brase, G. (2017). Operational sex ratio and female competition: Scarcity breeds intensity. In Fisher, M. L. (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of women and competition. (pp. 265280). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Dubbs, S. L., Kelly, A. J., & Barlow, F. K. (2017). Ravishing rivals: Female intrasexual competition and cosmetic surgery. In Fisher, M. L. (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of women and competition. (pp. 597615). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Ellis, B. J., Del Giudice, M., Dishion, T. J., Figueredo, A. J., Gray, P., Griskevicius, V. … & Wilson, D. S. (2012). The evolutionary basis of risky adolescent behavior: Implications for science, policy, and practice. Developmental Psychology, 48, 598623.Google Scholar
Etcoff, N. (1999). Survival of the prettiest. New York, NY: Anchor.Google Scholar
Fernández, A. M., Muñoz-Reyes, J. A., & Dufey, M. (2014). BMI, age, mate value, and intrasexual competition in Chilean women. Current Psychology, 33, 435450.Google Scholar
Fisher, M. (2004). Female intrasexual competition decreases female facial attractiveness. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences (Supplemental), 271, S283–285.Google Scholar
Fisher, M. L. (2017). The Oxford handbook of women and competition. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Fisher, M. L. (in press). Emotion and women’s intrasexual mating competition. In Al-Shawaf, L. & Shackelford, T. K. (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of evolution and emotions. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Fisher, M., & Archibald, N. (2019). A thousand times more beautiful: Priming competitor derogation in women. Current Psychology. doi: 10.1007/s12144-019-00551-zGoogle Scholar
Fisher, M. L., Burch, R. L., Sokol-Chang, R., & Salmon, C. (in preparation). The myth of the maternal instinct. Evolutionary Psychological Science.Google Scholar
Fisher, M. L., Burch, R., Sokol-Chang, R., Wade, T. J., & Widman, D. (2022). Sexuality and gender in prehistory. In Henley, T. B. & Rossano, M. (Eds.), Psychology and cognitive archaeology: An interdisciplinary approach to the study of the human mind. Abingdon, UK: Taylor & Francis.Google Scholar
Fisher, M., & Cox, A. (2009). The influence of female attractiveness on competitor derogation. Journal of Evolutionary Psychology, 7, 141155.Google Scholar
Fisher, M., & Cox, A. (2011). Four strategies used during intrasexual competition for mates. Personal Relationships, 18, 2038.Google Scholar
Fisher, M., Cox, A., & Gordon, F. (2009). Self-promotion versus competitor derogation: The influence of sex and romantic relationship status on intrasexual competition strategy selection. Journal of Evolutionary Psychology, 7, 287308.Google Scholar
Fisher, M. L., & Fernández, A. M. (2017). The influence of women’s mate value on intrasexual competition. In Fisher, M. (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of women and competition (pp. 281299). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Fisher, M. L., Shaw, S., Worth, K., Smith, L., & Reeve, C. (2010). How we view those who derogate: Perceptions of female competitor derogators. Journal of Social, Evolutionary, and Cultural Psychology, 4(4), 265276.Google Scholar
Frederick, D. A., & Jenkins, B. N. (2015). Height and body mass on the mating market associations with number of sex partners and extra-pair sex among heterosexual men and women aged 18–65. Evolutionary Psychology, 13, 114.Google Scholar
Furnham, A. (2009). Sex differences in mate selection preferences. Personality and Individual Differences, 47, 622627.Google Scholar
Gallant, S., Williams, L., Fisher, M., & Cox, A. (2011). Mating strategies and self-presentation in online personal advertisement photographs. Journal of Social, Evolutionary, and Cultural Psychology, 5(1), 106121.Google Scholar
Gallup, A. C., O’Brien, D. T., & Wilson, D. S. (2011). Intrasexual peer aggression and dating behavior during adolescence: An evolutionary perspective. Aggressive Behaviour, 37, 258267.Google Scholar
Gorelik, G., & Bjorklund, D. F. (2015). The effect of competition on men’s self-reported sexual interest. Evolutionary Psychological Science, 1, 141149.Google Scholar
Gowaty, P. A. (2013). A sex-neutral theoretical framework for making strong inferences about the origins of sex roles. In Fisher, M. L., Garcia, J. R., & Sokol Chang, R. (Eds.), Evolution’s empress: Darwinian perspectives on the nature of women (pp. 85112). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Haselton, M. G., Buss, D. M., Oubaid, V., & Angleitner, A. (2005). Sex, lies, and strategic interference: The psychology of deception between the sexes. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31, 323.Google Scholar
Hawley, P. H. (2003). Prosocial and coercive configurations of resource control in early adolescence: A case for the well-adapted Machiavellian. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 49(3), 279309.Google Scholar
Hawley, P. H., & Vaugh, B. E. (2003). Aggression and adaptive functioning: The bright side to bad behavior. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 49(3), 239242.Google Scholar
Hess, N., & Hagen, E. (2019). Gossip, reputation, and friendship in within-group competition: An evolutionary perspective. In Giardini, F. & Wittek, R. (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of gossip and reputation (pp. 275302). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Heywood, L. L. (2013). The quick and the dead: Gendered agency in the history of Western science and evolutionary theory. In Fisher, M. L., Garcia, J. R., & Sokol- Chang, R. (Eds.), Evolution’s empress: Darwinian perspectives on the nature of women (pp. 439461). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Hill, R. (1945). Campus values in mate selection. Journal of Home Economics, 37, 554558.Google Scholar
Hill, S. E., & Durante, K. M. (2011). Courtship, competition, and the pursuit of attractiveness: Mating goals facilitate health-related risk taking and strategic risk suppression in women. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 37(3), 383394.Google Scholar
Hrdy, S. B. (1986). Empathy, polyandry, and the myth of the coy female. In Bleier, R. (Ed.), Feminist approaches to science (pp. 119146). New York, NY: Pergamon.Google Scholar
Hrdy, S. (1999). The women that never evolved. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Republished from 1981.Google Scholar
Hrdy, S. B. (2009). Mothers and others: The evolutionary origins of mutual understanding. Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Hudders, L., De Backer, C., Fisher, M. L., & Vyncke, P. (2014). The rival wears Prada: Luxury consumption as a female competition strategy. Evolutionary Psychology, 12(3), 570587.Google Scholar
Hughes, S., Champion, A., Brown, K., Hesse, C., & Pedersen, C. L. (2020). The influence of sexual orientation on reputational punishment of other women’s behaviour. Journal of Psychology and Sexuality. doi: 10.1080/19419899.2020.1728366Google Scholar
Kamble, S., Shackelford, T. K., Pham, M., & Buss, D. M. (2014). Indian mate preferences: Continuity, sex differences, and cultural change across a quarter of a century. Personality and Individual Differences, 70, 150155.Google Scholar
Klug, H. (2016). A brief history of mating systems. In Kliman, R. M. (Ed.), Encyclopedia of evolutionary biology (pp. 459464). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Kokko, H., & Jennions, M. D. (2008). Parental investment, sexual selection and sex ratios. Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 21(4), 919948.Google Scholar
Krasnec, M. O., Cook, C. N., & Breed, M. D. (2012). Mating systems in sexual animals. Nature Education Knowledge, 3(10), 72.Google Scholar
Krems, J. A., Claessens, S., Fales, M. R., Campenni, M., Haselton, M. G., & Aktipis, A. (2021). An agent-based model of the female rivalry hypothesis for concealed ovulation in humans. Nature Human Behavior. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-020-01038-9Google Scholar
Krems, J. A., Williams, K. E. G., Aktipis, A., & Kenrick, D. T. (2021). Friendship jealousy: One tool for maintaining friendships in the face of third-party threats? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 120(4), 9771012. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspi0000311Google Scholar
Kvarnemo, C., & Simmons, L. W. (2013). Polyandry as a mediator of sexual selection before and after mating. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 368(1613), 20120042.Google Scholar
Li, N. P., Smith, A. R., Yong, J. C., & Brown, T. A. (2014). Intrasexual competition and other theories of eating restriction. In Weekes-Shackelford, V. & Shackelford, T. (Eds.), Evolutionary perspectives on human sexual psychology and behavior (pp. 323346). New York, NY: Springer.Google Scholar
Liesen, L. (2013). The tangled web she weaves. In Fisher, M., Garcia, J., & Sokol-Chang, R. (Eds.), Evolution’s empress: Darwinian perspectives on the nature of women (pp. 4362). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Mace, R. (2013). Cooperation and conflict between women in the family. Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews, 22(5), 251258.Google Scholar
Mafra, A. L., Varella, M. A. C., Defelipe, R. P., Anchieta, N. M., de Almeida, C. A. G., & Valentova, J. V. (2020). Makeup usage in women as a tactic to attract mates and compete with rivals. Personality and Individual Differences, 163, 110042.Google Scholar
Martin, W. (2016). The primates of Park Avenue: A memoir. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster.Google Scholar
Mattison, S., Scelza, B., & Blumenfield, T. (2014). Paternal investment and the positive effects of fathers among the matrilineal Mosuo of Southwest China. American Anthropologist, 116(3), 591610.Google Scholar
Mesnick, S. L., & Ralls, K. (2018). Mating systems. In Würsig, B., Thewissen, J. G. M., & Kovacs, K. M. (Eds.), Encyclopedia of marine mammals, 3rd ed. (pp. 586592). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Mogilski, J. K., & Wade, T. J. (2013). Friendship as a relationship infiltration tactic during human mate poaching. Evolutionary Psychology, 11(4), 926943.Google Scholar
Moss, J. H., & Maner, J. K. (2016). Biased sex ratios influence fundamental aspects of human mating. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 42(1), 7280.Google Scholar
Owens, L., Shute, R., & Slee, P. (2000). “Guess what I just heard!”: Indirect aggression among teenage girls in Australia. Aggressive Behaviour, 26, 6783.Google Scholar
Palombit, R. A. (2015). Infanticide as sexual conflict: Coevolution of male strategies and female counterstrategies. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology, 7(6), a017640.Google Scholar
Parker, G. A., & Pizzari, T. (2015) Sexual selection: The logical imperative. In Hoquet, T. (Ed.), Current perspectives on sexual selection (pp. 119163). Netherlands: Springer.Google Scholar
Polo, P., Fernández, A. M., Muñoz-Reyes, J. A., Dufey, M., & Buunk, A. P. (2018, January–March). Intrasexual competition and height in adolescents and adults. Evolutionary Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1177/1474704917749172Google Scholar
Prokop, P., & Švancárová, J. (2020). Wearing high heels as female mating strategy. Personality and Individual Differences, 152, 109558.Google Scholar
Prokosch, M., Coss, R., Scheib, J., & Blozis, S. (2009). Intelligence and mate choice: Intelligent men are always appealing. Evolution and Human Behavior, 30, 1120.Google Scholar
Reynolds, T. A. (2018). Bless her heart! Does apparent concern help women in reputational competition? Dissertation, Department of Psychology. Florida State University.Google Scholar
Reynolds, T. A. (2021). Our grandmothers’ legacy: Challenges faced by female ancestors leaves traces in modern women’s same-sex relationships. Archives of Sexual Behavior. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-020-01768-xGoogle Scholar
Reynolds, T., Baumeister, R. F., & Maner, J. K. (2018). Competitive reputation manipulation: Women strategically transmit social information about romantic rivals. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 78, 195209.Google Scholar
Roughgarden, J. (2007). Challenging Darwin’s theory of sexual selection. Daedalus, 136(2), 114.Google Scholar
Roughgarden, J. (2015). Sexual selection: Is anything left? In Hoquet, T. (Ed.), Current perspectives on sexual selection: What’s left after Darwin? (pp. 85102). New York, NY: Springer Verlag.Google Scholar
Schmitt, D. P., & Buss, D. M. (1996). Strategic self-promotion and competitor derogation: Sex and context effects on the perceived effectiveness of mate attraction tactics. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70(6), 11851204.Google Scholar
Sear, R., & Mace, R. (2008). Who keeps children alive? A review of the effects of kin on child survival. Evolution and Human Behavior, 29, 118.Google Scholar
Shanks, D. R., & Vadillo, M. A. (2019). Still no evidence that risk-taking and consumer choices can be primed by mating motives: Reply to Sundie, Beal, Neuberg, and Kenrick (2019). Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 148(4), e12e 22.Google Scholar
Shanks, D. R., Vadillo, M. A., Riedel, B., Clymo, A., Govind, S., Hickin, N. … & Puhlmann, L. M. C. (2015). Romance, risk, and replication: Can consumer choices and risk-taking be primed by mating motives? Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 144(6), e142e158.Google Scholar
Stulp, G., Pollet, T. V., Verhulst, S., & Buunk, A. P. (2012). A curvilinear effect of height on reproductive success in human males. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 66, 375384.Google Scholar
Sundie, J. M., Beal, D. J., Neuberg, S. L., & Kenrick, D. T. (2019). Moving beyond unwise replication practices: The case of romantic motivation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 148(4), e1e11.Google Scholar
Trivers, R. (1972). Parental investment and sexual selection. In Campbell, B. (Ed.), Sexual selection and the descent of man 1871–1971 (pp. 139179). Chicago, IL: Aldine.Google Scholar
Vaillancourt, T. (2013). Do human females use indirect aggression as an intrasexual competition strategy? Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 368(1631), 20130080.Google Scholar
Vaillancourt, T., & Sharma, A. (2011). Intolerance of sexy peers: Intrasexual competition among women. Aggressive Behavior, 37, 569577.Google Scholar

References

Abramitzky, R., Delavande, A., & Vasconcelos, L. (2011). Marrying up: The role of sex ratio in assortative matching. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 3(3), 124157. www.jstor.org/stable/41288641Google Scholar
Albert, G., & Arnocky, S. (2016). Use of mate retention strategies. In Shackelford, T. K. & Weekes-Shackelford, V. A. (Eds.), Encyclopedia of evolutionary psychological science (pp. 111). New York, NY: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16999-6_151-1Google Scholar
Amato, P. R. (1994). Father-child relations, mother-child relations, and offspring psychological well-being in early adulthood. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 56(4), 10311042. https://doi.org/10.2307/353611Google Scholar
Arnocky, S. (2016). Desire to be included among desirable women. In Shackelford, T. K. & Weekes-Shackelford, V. A. (Eds.), Encyclopedia of evolutionary psychological science (pp. 17). New York, NY: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16999-6_881-1Google Scholar
Arnocky, S. (2018). Self-perceived mate value, facial attractiveness, and mate preferences: Do desirable men want it all? Evolutionary Psychology, 16(1), 18. https://doi.org/10.1177/1474704918763271Google Scholar
Arnocky, S. (2020). Mate-value moderates the relationship between intrasexual competitiveness and successful mate poaching. Evolutionary Psychological Science, 6, 346353. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40806-020-00242-0Google Scholar
Arnocky, S., Albert, G., Carré, J. M., & Ortiz, T. L. (2018). Intrasexual competition mediates the relationship between men’s testosterone and mate retention behavior. Physiology & Behavior, 186, 7378. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.01.007Google Scholar
Arnocky, S., Bird, B. M., & Perilloux, C. (2014). An evolutionary perspective on characteristics of physical attractiveness in humans. In Rennolds, A. (Ed.), Psychology of interpersonal perception and relationships (pp. 115155). New York, NY: NOVA Publishers.Google Scholar
Arnocky, S., Desrochers, J., Rotella, A., Albert, G., Hodges-Simeon, C. R., Locke, A., … & Kelly, B. (2021). Men’s mate value correlates with a less restricted sociosexual orientation: A meta-analysis. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 50, 3663–3673. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-021-01937-6 Google Scholar
Arnocky, S., & Locke, A. (2020). Jealousy mediates the link between women’s upward physical appearance comparison and mate retention behaviour. Evolutionary Psychology, 18(4), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1177/1474704920973990Google Scholar
Arnocky, S., Pearson, M., & Vaillancourt, T. (2015). Health, anticipated partner infidelity, and jealousy in men and women. Evolutionary Psychology, 13(3), 110. https://doi.org/10.1177/1474704915593666Google Scholar
Arnocky, S., Perilloux, C., Cloud, J. M., Bird, B. M., & Thomas, K. (2016). Envy mediates the link between social comparison and appearance enhancement in women. Evolutionary Psychological Science, 2(2), 7183. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40806-015-0037-1Google Scholar
Arnocky, S., & Piché, T. (2014). Cosmetic surgery as intrasexual competition: The mediating role of social comparison. Psychology, 5, 11971205. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/psych.2014.510132Google Scholar
Arnocky, S., Piché, T., Albert, G., Ouellette, D., & Barclay, P. (2017). Altruism predicts mating success in humans. British Journal of Psychology, 108(2), 416435. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjop.12208Google Scholar
Arnocky, S., & Vaillancourt, T. (2017). Sexual competition among women: A review of the theory and supporting evidence. In Fisher, M. L. (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of women and competition (pp. 2539). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199376377.013.3Google Scholar
Arnocky, S., Woodruff, N. W., & Schmitt, D. P. (2016). Men’s sociosexuality is sensitive to changes in mate-availability. Personal Relationships, 23(1), 172181. https://doi.org/10.1111/pere.12118Google Scholar
Barber, N. (1999). Women’s dress fashions as a function of reproductive strategy. Sex Roles, 40, 459471. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1018823727012Google Scholar
Barkow, J. (1989). Darwin, sex, and status. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.Google Scholar
Bateman, A. J. (1948). Intra-sexual selection in Drosophila. Heredity, 2, 349368. https://doi.org/10.1038/hdy.1948.21Google Scholar
Bird, B. M., Welling, L. L. M., Ortiz, T. L., Moreau, B. J. P., Hansen, S., Emond, M., … & Carré, J. M. (2016). Effects of exogenous testosterone and mating context on men’s preferences for female facial femininity. Hormones and Behavior, 85, 7685. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2016.08.003Google Scholar
Birkás, B., Láng, A., & Meskó, N. (2018). Self-rated attractiveness moderates the relationship between dark personality traits and romantic ideals in women. Psychological Reports, 121(1), 184200. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033294117738021Google Scholar
Blake, K. R., Bastian, B., Denson, T. F., Grosjean, P., & Brooks, R. C. (2018). Income inequality not gender inequality positively covaries with female sexualization on social media. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115(35), 87228727. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1717959115Google Scholar
Blake, K. R., Bastian, B., O’Dean, S. M., & Denson, T. F. (2017). High estradiol and low progesterone are associated with high assertiveness in women. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 75, 9199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.10.008Google Scholar
Blake, K. R., & Brooks, R. C. (2019). Status anxiety mediates the positive relationship between income inequality and sexualization. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 116(50), 2502925033. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1909806116Google Scholar
Blake, K. R., Brooks, R., Arthur, L. C., & Denson, T. F. (2020). In the context of romantic attraction, beautification can increase assertiveness in women. PLoS One, 15(3). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0229162Google Scholar
Bradshaw, H. K., Leyva, R. P., Nicolas, S. C., & Hill, S. E. (2019). Costly female appearance-enhancement provides cues of short-term mating effort: The case of cosmetic surgery. Personality and Individual Differences, 138, 4855. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2018.09.019Google Scholar
Bryant, G. A., & Haselton, M. G. (2009). Vocal cues of ovulation in human females. Biology Letters, 5(1), 1215. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2008.0507Google Scholar
Buss, D. M. (1988a). The evolution of human intrasexual competition: Tactics of mate attraction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(4), 616628. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.54.4.616Google Scholar
Buss, D. M. (1988b). From vigilance to violence: Tactics of mate retention in American undergraduates. Ethology and Sociobiology, 9(5), 291317. https://doi.org/10.1016/0162-3095(88)90010-6Google Scholar
Buss, D. M. (1991). Mate selection for good parenting skills. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 14(3), 520521. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X00071107Google Scholar
Buss, D., Abbott, M., Angleitner, A., Asherian, A., Biaggio, A., Blanco-Villasenor, A., … & Yang, K. (1990). International preferences in selecting mates. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 21(1), 547. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022190211001Google Scholar
Buss, D. M., & Barnes, M. (1986). Preferences in human mate selection. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50(3), 559570. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.50.3.559Google Scholar
Buss, D. M., & Schmitt, D. P. (1993). Sexual strategies theory: An evolutionary perspective on human mating. Psychological Review, 100(2), 204232. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.100.2.204Google Scholar
Buss, D. M., & Shackelford, T. K. (1997). From vigilance to violence: Mate retention tactics in married couples. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72(2), 346361. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.72.2.346Google Scholar
Buss, D. M., & Shackelford, T. K. (2008). Attractive women want it all: Good genes, economic investment, parenting proclivities, and emotional commitment. Evolutionary Psychology, 6(1), 134146. https://doi.org/10.1177/147470490800600116Google Scholar
Byrne, A., & Barling, J. (2017). When she brings home the job status: Wives’ job status, status leakage, and marital instability. Organizational Science, 28(2), 177192. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2017.1120Google Scholar
Campbell, A. (1999). Staying alive: Evolution, culture, and women’s intrasexual aggression. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 22(2), 203214. https://doi.org/10.1017/ S0140525X99001818Google Scholar
Campbell, A. (2004). Female competition: Causes, constraints, content, and contexts. Journal of Sex Research, 41(1), 1626. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224490409552210Google Scholar
Campbell, L., Cronk, L., Simpson, J. A., Milroy, A., Wilson, C. L., & Dunham, B. (2009). The association between men’s ratings of women as desirable long-term mates and individual differences in women’s sexual attitudes and behaviors. Personality and Individual Differences, 46(4), 509513. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2008.12.001Google Scholar
Canter, D., Youngs, D., & Yaneva, M. (2017). Towards a measure of kindness: An exploration of a neglected interpersonal trait. Personality and Individual Differences, 106, 1520. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.10.019Google Scholar
Chan, R., Stuart-Fox, D., & Jessop, T. S. (2009). Why are females ornamented? A test of the courtship stimulation and courtship rejection hypotheses. Behavioral Ecology, 20(6), 13341342. https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arp136Google Scholar
Cloud, J. M., & Perilloux, C. (2014). Bodily attractiveness as a window to women’s fertility and reproductive value. In Shackelford, T. K. & Weekes-Shackelford, V. A. (Eds.), Evolutionary perspectives on human sexual psychology and behavior (pp. 135152). New York, NY: Springer.Google Scholar
Clutton-Brock, T. H. (1991). The evolution of parental care. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Clutton-Brock, T. H. (2009). Sexual selection in females. Animal Behavior, 77(1), 311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2008.08.026Google Scholar
Colwell, M., & Oring, L. (1988). Sex ratios and intrasexual competition for mates in a sex-role reversed shorebird, Wilson’s Phalarope (Phalaropus tricolor). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 22, 165173. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00300566Google Scholar
Conroy-Beam, D., Roney, J. R., Lukaszewski, A. W., Buss, D. M., Asao, K., Sorokowska, A., … & Alm, C. (2019). Assortative mating and the evolution of desirability covariation. Evolution and Human Behavior, 40(5), 479491. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2019.06.003Google Scholar
Cottrell, C. A., Neuberg, S. L., & Li, N. P. (2007). What do people desire in others? A sociofunctional perspective on the importance of different valued characteristics. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92(2), 208231. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.92.2.208Google Scholar
Craig, L. K., & Gray, P. B. (2020). Women’s use of intimate apparel as subtle sexual signals in committed, heterosexual relationships. PLoS One, 15(3). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0230112Google Scholar
Daly, M., & Wilson, M. I. (1982). Whom are newborn babies said to resemble? Ethology and Sociobiology, 3(2), 6978. https://doi.org/10.1016/0162-3095(82)90002-4Google Scholar
Darwin, C. (1871). The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. London: John Murray.Google Scholar
Davis, A. C., & Arnocky, S. (2020). An evolutionary perspective on appearance enhancement behavior. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 1–35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-020-01745-4Google Scholar
Davis, A. C., & Arnocky, S. (2021). Response to commentaries: A socioevolutionary approach to self-presentation modification. Archives of Sexual Behavior. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-021-02170-xGoogle Scholar
Davis, A. C., Belanger, J., Mattsson, A., & Arnocky, S. (2019). Hostility mediates the relations between self-perceived physical health status and cost-inflicting mate retention. Evolutionary Behavioral Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1037/ebs0000188Google Scholar
DelPriore, D. J., Prokosch, M. L., & Hill, S. E. (2017). The causes and consequences of women’s competitive beautification. In Fisher, M. L. (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of women and competition (pp. 577596). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Dew, J., & Bradford Wilcox, W. (2013). Generosity and the maintenance of marital quality. Journal of Marriage and Family, 75(5), 12181228. https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.12066Google Scholar
Dubbs, S. L., Kelly, A. J., & Barlow, F. K. (2017). Ravishing rivals: Female intrasexual competition and cosmetic surgery. In Fisher, M. L. (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of women and competition (pp. 597616). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Eagly, A. H. (1997). Sex differences in social behavior: Comparing social role theory and evolutionary psychology. American Psychologist, 52(12), 13801383. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.52.12.1380.bGoogle Scholar
Eagly, A. H., & Wood, W. (1999). The origins of sex differences in human behavior: Evolved dispositions versus social roles. American Psychologist, 54(6), 408423. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.54.6.408Google Scholar
Elliot, A. J., Greitemeyer, T., & Pazda, A. D. (2013). Women’s use of red clothing as a sexual signal in intersexual interaction. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 49(3), 599602. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2012.10.001Google Scholar
Fernández del Río, E., Ramos-Villagrasa, P. J., Castro, Á., & Barrada, J. R. (2019). Sociosexuality and bright and dark personality: The prediction of behavior, attitude, and desire to engage in casual sex. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(15), 2731. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16152731Google Scholar
Fisher, C. L., Hahn, A. C., DeBruine, L. M., & Jones, B. C. (2016). Is women’s sociosexual orientation related to their physical attractiveness? Personality and Individual Differences, 101, 396399. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.06.022Google Scholar
Fisher, T. D. (2013). Gender roles and pressure to be truthful: The bogus pipeline modifies gender differences in sexual but not non-sexual behavior. Sex Roles: A Journal of Research, 68(7–8), 401414. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-013-0266-3Google Scholar
Fletcher, G. J. O., Simpson, J. A., Campbell, L., & Overall, N. C. (2015). Pair-bonding, romantic love, and evolution: The curious case of Homo sapiens. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 10(1), 2036. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691614561683Google Scholar
Folstad, I., & Karter, A. J. (1992). Parasites, bright males, and the immunocompetence handicap. The American Naturalist, 139(3), 603622. www.jstor.org/stable/2462500Google Scholar
Foo, Y. Z., Nakagawa, S., Rhodes, G., & Simmons, L. W. (2017). The effects of sex hormones on immune function: A meta-analysis. Biological Reviews, 92(1), 551571. https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.12243Google Scholar
Foo, Y. Z., Simmons, L. W., Perrett, D. I., Holt, P. G., Eastwood, P. R., & Rhodes, G. (2020). Immune function during early adolescence positively predicts adult facial sexual dimorphism in both men and women. Evolution and Human Behavior, 41(3), 199209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2020.02.002Google Scholar
Frederick, D., Forbes, M., Jenkins, B., Reynolds, T., & Walters, T. (2015). Beauty standards. In Whelehen, P. & Bolin, A. (Eds.), The international encyclopedia of human sexuality (pp. 113196). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Gangestad, S. W., & Buss, D. M. (1993). Pathogen prevalence and human mate preferences. Evolution and Human Behavior, 14(2), 8996. https://doi.org/10.1016/0162-3095(93)90009-7Google Scholar
Gangestad, S. W., & Scheyd, G. J. (2005). The evolution of physical attractiveness. Annual Review of Anthropology, 34, 523548. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.anthro.33.070203.143733Google Scholar
Geary, D. C. (2000). Evolution and proximate expression of human paternal investment. Psychological Bulletin, 126(1), 5577. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.126.1.55Google Scholar
Guéguen, N. (2012). Color and women attractiveness: When red clothed women are perceived to have more intense sexual interest. The Journal of Social Psychology, 152, 261265. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224545.2011.605398Google Scholar
Hahn, A. C., Fisher, C. I., DeBruine, L. M., & Jones, B. C. (2014). Sex ratio influences the motivational salience of facial attractiveness. Biology Letters, 10(6). https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2014.0148Google Scholar
Hall, J. A., & Canterberry, M. (2011). Sexism and assertive courtship strategies. Sex Roles: A Journal of Research, 65(11–12), 840853. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-011-0045-yGoogle Scholar
Hamilton, W. D., & Zuk, M. (1982). Heritable true fitness and bright birds: A role for parasites? Science, 218(4570), 384387. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.7123238Google Scholar
Havlíček, J., Cobey, K. D., Barrett, L., Klapilová, K., & Roberts, S. C. (2015). The spandrels of Santa Barbara? A new perspective on the peri-ovulation paradigm. Behavioral Ecology, 26(5), 12491260. https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arv064Google Scholar
Hill, K. R., & Hurtado, A. M. (1996). Ache life history: The ecology and demography of a foraging people. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Hill, S. E., & Durante, K. M. (2011). Courtship, competition, and the pursuit of attractiveness: Mating goals facilitate health-related risk taking and strategic risk suppression in women. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 37(3), 383394. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167210395603Google Scholar
Hill, S. E., Rodeheffer, C. D., Griskevicius, V., Durante, K., & White, A. E. (2012). Boosting beauty in an economic decline: Mating, spending, and the lipstick effect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 103(2), 275291. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0028657Google Scholar
Hone, L. S., & McCullough, M. E. (2020). Are women more likely to wear red and pink at peak fertility? What about on cold days? Conceptual, close, and extended replications with novel clothing colour measures. British Journal of Social Psychology, 59(4), 945964. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjso.12371Google Scholar
Hopcroft, R. L. (2018). Number of childbearing partners, status, and the fertility of men and women in the U.S. Frontiers in Sociology, 3(22). https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoc.2018.00022Google Scholar
Horan, S. M. (2016). Further understanding sexual communication: Honesty, deception, safety, and risk. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 33(4), 449468. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407515578821Google Scholar
Hsin, A., & Felfe, C. (2014). When does time matter? Maternal employment, children’s time with parents, and child development. Demography, 51, 18671894. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs13524-014-0334-5Google Scholar
Jasienska, G., Ziomkiewicz, A., Ellison, P. T., Lipson, S. F., & Thune, I. (2004). Large breasts and narrow waists indicate high reproductive potential in women. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 271(1545), 12131217. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2004.2712Google Scholar
Jonason, P. K., Betes, S. L., & Li, N. P. (2020). Solving mate shortages: Lowering standards, searching farther, and abstaining. Evolutionary Behavioral Sciences, 14(2), 160172. https://doi.org/10.1037/ebs0000174Google Scholar
Jonason, P. K., Marsh, K., Dib, O., Plush, D., Doszpot, M., Fung, E., … & Di Pietro, K. (2019). Is smart sexy? Examining the role of relative intelligence in mate preferences. Personality and Individual Differences, 139, 5359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2018.11.009Google Scholar
Jones, A. G., & Ratterman, N. L. (2009). Mate choice and sexual selection: What have we learned since Darwin? Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106(suppl. 1), 1000110008. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0901129106Google Scholar
Jones, D. N., & Weiser, D. A. (2014). Differential infidelity patterns among the Dark Triad. Personality and Individual Differences, 57, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.09.007Google Scholar
Kaighobadi, F., Shackelford, T. K., & Buss, D. M. (2010). Spousal mate retention in the newlywed year and three years later. Personality and Individual Differences, 48(4), 414418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2009.11.008Google Scholar
Kanazawa, S. (2011). Intelligence and physical attractiveness. Intelligence, 39(1), 714. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intell.2010.11.003Google Scholar
Kanazawa, S., & Kovar, J. L. (2004). Why beautiful people are more intelligent. Intelligence, 32(3), 227243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intell.2004.03.003Google Scholar
Kandrik, M., Jones, B. C., & Debruine, L. M. (2015). Scarcity of female mates predicts regional variation in men’s and women’s sociosexual orientation across US states. Evolution and Human Behavior, 36(3), 206210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2014.11.004Google Scholar
Klug, H., & Bonsall, M. B. (2014). What are the benefits of parental care? The importance of parental effects on developmental rate. Ecology and Evolution, 4(12), 23302351. https://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fece3.1083Google Scholar
Ko, D. (2007). Cinderella’s sisters: A revisionist history of footbinding. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Kokko, H., & Johnstone, R. A. (2002). Why is mutual mate choice not the norm? Operational sex ratios, sex roles and the evolution of sexually dimorphic and monomorphic signalling. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 357(1419), 319330. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2001.0926Google Scholar
Kraaijeveld, K., Kraaijeveld-Smit, F. J. L., & Komdeur, J. (2007). The evolution of mutual ornamentation. Animal Behavior, 74(4), 657677. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2006.12.027Google Scholar
Law Smith, M. J., Perrett, D. I., Jones, B. C., Cornwell, R. E., Moore, F. R., Feinberg, , … & Hillier, S. G. (2006). Facial appearance is a cue to oestrogen levels in women. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 273(1583), 135140. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2005.3296Google Scholar
Lewis, D. M., Russell, E. M., Al-Shawaf, L., Ta, V., Senveli, Z., Ickes, W., … & Buss, D. M. (2017). Why women wear high heels: Evolution, lumbar curvature, and attractiveness. Frontiers in Psychology, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01875.Google Scholar
Li, N. P. (2006). Mate preference necessities in long and short-term mating: People prioritize in themselves what their mates prioritize in them. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 39(3), 528535. https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/soss_research/723Google Scholar
Li, N. P., Kenrick, D. T., Bailey, M., & Linsenmeier, J. A. W. (2002). The necessities and luxuries of mate preferences: Testing the tradeoffs. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82(6), 947955. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.82.6.947Google Scholar
Lichter, D. T., Anderson, R. N., & Hayward, M. D. (1995). Marriage markets and marital choice. Journal of Family Issues, 16(4), 412431. https://doi.org/10.1177/019251395016004001Google Scholar
Locke, A., & Arnocky, S. (2021). Breast symmetry, but not size or volume, predicts salivary immunoglobulin-A (sIgA) in women. Evolution & Human Behavior, 42(6), 517–523. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2021.05.001Google Scholar
Locke, A., Desrochers, J., & Arnocky, S. (2020). Induced mate abundance increases women’s expectations for engagement ring size and cost. Evolutionary Psychological Science, 6, 188194. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40806-019-00214-zGoogle Scholar
Lukaszewski, A. W., & Roney, J. R. (2010). Kind toward whom? Mate preferences for personality traits are target specific. Evolution and Human Behavior, 31(1), 29–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2009.06.008Google Scholar
Manning, J. T., Scutt, D., Whitehouse, G. H., Leinster, S. J., & Walton, J. M. (1996). Symmetry and the menstrual cycle in women. Ethology and Sociobiology, 17(2), 129143. https://doi.org/10.1016/0162-3095(96)00001-5Google Scholar
McLain, D. K., Setters, D., Moulton, M. P., & Pratt, A. E. (2000). Ascription of resemblance of newborns by parents and nonrelatives. Evolution and Human Behavior, 21(1), 1123. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1090–5138(99)00029-XGoogle Scholar
McNulty, J. K., Meltzer, A. L., Makhanova, A., & Maner, J. K. (2018). Attentional and evaluative biases help people maintain relationships by avoiding infidelity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 115(1), 7695. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspi0000127Google Scholar
Meston, C. M., & Buss, D. M. (2009). Why women have sex: The psychology of sex in women’s own voices. New York, NY: Times Books.Google Scholar
Miller, G. F. (1998). How mate choice shaped human nature: A review of sexual selection and human evolution. In Crawford, C. B. & Krebs, D. L. (Eds.), Handbook of evolutionary psychology: Ideas, issues, and applications (pp. 87129). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Google Scholar
Miller, G. F. (2000). Sexual selection for indicators of intelligence. In Bock, G. R., Goode, J. A., & Webb, K. (Eds.), The nature of intelligence: Novartis Foundation Symposium (pp. 260270). Chichester: Wiley.Google Scholar
Miller, G. F. (2008). Kindness, fidelity, and other sexually-selected virtues. In Sinnott-Armstrong, W. (Ed.), Moral psychology (Vol. 1). The evolution of morality: Adaptations and innateness (pp. 209243). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Mogilski, J. K., & Wade, T. J. (2013). Friendship as a relationship infiltration tactic during human mate poaching. Evolutionary Psychology, 11(4), 946953. https://doi.org/10.1177/147470491301100415Google Scholar
Oberzaucher, E., Katine, S., Schmehl, S., Holzleitner, I., & Grammar, K. (2012). The myth of hidden ovulation: Shape and texture changes in the face during the menstrual cycle. Journal of Evolutionary Psychology, 10(4), 163175. https://doi.org/10.1556/jep.10.2012.4.1Google Scholar
Olson, E. S., Doss, E. R., & Perilloux, C. (2020). Friend or foe? Mate presence and rival type influence clothing-based female intrasexual competition. Evolutionary Psychological Science. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40806-020-00260-yGoogle Scholar
Pleck, J. H. (1997). Paternal investment: Levels, sources, and consequences. In Lamb, M. E. (Ed.), The role of the father in child development, 3rd ed. (pp. 66103). Chichester: Wiley.Google Scholar
Prum, R. O. (2010). The Lande-Kirkpatrick mechanism is the null model of evolution by intersexual selection: Implications for meaning, honesty, and design in intersexual signals. Evolution, 64(11), 30853100. http://doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.2010.01054.xGoogle Scholar
Prum, R. O. (2012). Aesthetic evolution by mate choice: Darwin’s really dangerous idea. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 367, 22532265. http://doi:10.1098/rstb.2011.0285Google Scholar
Puts, D. A. (2010). Beauty and the beast: Mechanisms of sexual selection in humans. Evolution and Human Behavior, 31(3), 157175. http://doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2010.02.005Google Scholar
Puts, D. A., Bailey, D. H., Cárdenas, R. A., Burriss, R. P., Welling, L. L. M., Wheatley, J. R., & Dawood, K. (2013). Women’s attractiveness changes with estradiol and progesterone across the ovulatory cycle. Hormones and Behavior, 63(1), 1319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2012.11.007Google Scholar
Remeš, V., & Matysioková, B. (2013). More ornamented females produce higher-quality offspring in a socially monogamous bird: An experimental study in the great tit (Parus major). Frontiers in Zoology, 10(14). https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-9994-10-14Google Scholar
Rhodes, G., Chan, J., Zebrowitz, L. A., & Simmons, L. W. (2003). Does sexual dimorphism in human faces signal health? Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 270 (suppl. 1), S93S95. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2003.0023Google Scholar
Roberts, S. C., Owen, R. C., & Havlicek, J. (2010). Distinguishing between perceiver and wearer effects in clothing color-associated attributions. Evolutionary Psychology, 8(3), 350364. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F147470491000800304Google Scholar
Rosvall, K. A. (2011). Intrasexual selection on females: Evidence for sexual selection? Behavioral Ecology, 22(6), 11311140. https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arr106Google Scholar
Sassler, S., Addo, F. R., & Lichter, D. T. (2012). The tempo of sexual activity and later relationship quality. Journal of Marriage and Family, 74(4), 708725. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2012.00996.xGoogle Scholar
Schacht, R., & Kramer, K. L. (2019). Are we monogamous? A review of the evolution of pair-bonding in humans and its contemporary variation cross-culturally. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2019.00230Google Scholar
Schmitt, D. P. (2005). Sociosexuality from Argentina to Zimbabwe: A 48-nation study of sex, culture, and strategies of human mating. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 28(2), 247275. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X05000051Google Scholar
Schmitt, D. P., & Buss, D. M. (1996). Strategic self-promotion and competitor derogation: Sex and context effects on the perceived effectiveness of mate attraction tactics. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70(6), 11851204. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.70.6.1185Google Scholar
Schmitt, D. P., & Buss, D. M. (2001). Human mate poaching: Tactics and temptations for infiltrating existing mateships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80(6), 894917. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.80.6.894Google Scholar
Schmitt, D. P., & Shackelford, T. K. (2003). Nifty ways to leave your lover: The tactics people use to entice and disguise the process of human mate poaching. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29(8), 10181035. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167203253471Google Scholar
Scott, I. M., Clark, A. P., Josephson, S. C., Boyette, A. H., Cuthill, I. C., Fried, R. L., … & Penton-Voak, I. S. (2014). Human preferences for sexually dimorphic faces may be evolutionarily novel. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(40), 1438814393. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1409643111Google Scholar
Scutt, D., & Manning, J. T. (1996). Ovary and ovulation: Symmetry and ovulation in women. Human Reproduction, 11(11), 24772480. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a019142Google Scholar
Sela, Y., Pham, M., & Shackelford, T. (2015). Do men and women perform oral sex as mate retention behavior? In Shackelford, T. K. & Hansen, R. (Eds.), The evolution of sexuality: Evolutionary psychology (pp. 6979). Cham: Springer.Google Scholar
Shackelford, T. K., & Larsen, R. J. (1999). Facial attractiveness and physical health. Evolution and Human Behavior, 20(1), 7176. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1090–5138(98)00036-1Google Scholar
Shackelford, T. K., & Larsen, R. J. (2001). Do facial structural characteristics communicate information about health? Evolution of Communication, 4(2), 183210. http://doi.org/10.1075/eoc.4.2.04shaGoogle Scholar
Simpson, J. A., & Gangestad, S. W. (1992). Sociosexuality and romantic partner choice. Journal of Personality, 60(1), 3151. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1992.tb00264.xGoogle Scholar
Singh, D., & Randall, P. K. (2007). Beauty is in the eye of the plastic surgeon: Waist-hip ratio (WHR) and women’s attractiveness. Personality and Individual Differences, 43, 329340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2006.12.003Google Scholar
Sorokowski, P., Kościński, K., Sorokowska, A., & Huanca, T. (2014). Preference for women’s body mass and waist-to-hip ratio in Tsimané men of the Bolivian Amazon: Biological and cultural determinants. PLoS One, 9. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0105468Google Scholar
South, S. J., & Trent, K. (1988). Sex ratios and women’s roles: A cross-national analysis. American Journal of Sociology, 93(5), 10961115. https://doi.org/10.1086/228865Google Scholar
Stone, E. A., Shackelford, T. K., & Buss, D. M. (2007). Sex ratio and mate preferences: A cross-cultural investigation. European Journal of Social Psychology, 37(2), 288296. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.357Google Scholar
Stuart, H. C., Moon, S. H., & Casciaro, T. (2011). The Oscar curse: Status dynamics and gender differences in marital survival. Working Paper, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.Google Scholar
Stuart-Fox, D., & Goode, J. L. (2014). Female ornamentation influences male courtship investment in a lizard. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 2. https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2014.00002Google Scholar
Sunderani, S., Arnocky, S., & Vaillancourt, T. (2013). Individual differences in mate poaching: An examination of hormonal, dispositional, and behavioral mate-value traits. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 42(4), 533542. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-012-9974-yGoogle Scholar
Taylor, L. D. (2013). Male partner selectivity, romantic confidence, and media depictions of partner scarcity. Evolutionary Psychology, 11(1), 3649. https://doi.org/10.1177/147470491301100104Google Scholar
Theurer, J. (2014). Trapped in their own rings: Padaung women and their fight for traditional freedom. International Journal of Gender and Women’s Studies, 2(4), 5167. http://dx.doi.org/10.15640/ijgws.v2n4a3Google Scholar
Thornhill, R., & Gangestad, S. W. (2006). Facial sexual dimorphism, developmental stability, and susceptibility to disease in men and women. Evolution and Human Behavior, 27(2), 131144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2005.06.001Google Scholar
Tobias, J. A., Montgomerie, R., & Lyon, B. E. (2012). The evolution of female ornaments and weaponry: Social selection, sexual selection and ecological competition. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 367(1600), 22742293. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2011.0280Google Scholar
Tooke, W., & Camire, L. (1991). Patterns of deception in intersexual and intrasexual mating strategies. Ethology and Sociobiology, 12(5), 345364. https://doi.org/10.1016/0162-3095(91)90030-TGoogle Scholar
Trent, K., & South, S. J. (2011). Too many men? Sex ratios and women’s partnering behavior in China. Social Forces, 90(1), 247267. www.jstor.org/stable/41682640Google Scholar
Trivers, R. L. (1972). Parental investment and sexual selection. In Campbell, B. (Ed.), Sexual selection and the descent of man (pp. 136179). Chicago, IL: Aldine.Google Scholar
Turton, D. (2004). Lip-plates and the people who take photographs. Anthropology Today, 30(3), 39. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0268-540X.2004.00266.xGoogle Scholar
Tybur, J. M., & Gangestad, S. W. (2011). Mate preferences and infectious disease: Theoretical considerations and evidence in humans. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 366(1583), 33753388. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2011.0136Google Scholar
Valentova, J. V., Bártová, K., Štěrbová, Z., & Varella, M. A. C. (2017). Influence of sexual orientation, population, homogamy, and imprinting-like effect on preferences and choices for female buttock size, breast size and shape, and WHR. Personality and Individual Differences, 104, 313319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.08.005Google Scholar
Voland, E. (1990). Differential reproductive success within the Krummhörn population (Germany, 18th and 19th centuries). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 26(1), 6572. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00174026Google Scholar
Voland, E., & Engel, C. (1990). Female choice in humans: A conditional mate selection strategy of the Krummhörn Women (Germany, 1720–1874). Ethology, 84(2), 144154. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0310.1990.tb00791.xGoogle Scholar
Von Rueden, C., Gurven, M., & Kaplan, H. (2011). Why do men seek status? Fitness payoffs to dominance and prestige. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 278(1715), 22232232. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.2145Google Scholar
Vukovic, J., Feinberg, D. R., DeBruine, L., Smith, F. G., & Jones, B. C. (2010). Women’s voice pitch is negatively correlated with health risk factors. Journal of Evolutionary Psychology, 8(3), 217225. https://doi.org/10.1556/JEP.8.2010.3.2Google Scholar
Wallace, A. R. (1895). Natural selection and tropical nature, 2nd ed. Macmillan and Co. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.19780Google Scholar
Walster, E., Aronson, J., Abrahams, D., & Rottman, L. (1966). Importance of physical attractiveness in dating behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 4(5), 508516. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0021188Google Scholar
Wang, X., Chen, H., Chen, Z., & Yang, Y. (2021). Women’s intrasexual competition results in beautification. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 12(5), 648–657. https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550620933403Google Scholar
Wang, Y., Qu, Y., Hou, B., & Tian, Q. (2019). What makes her a material girl?: The influence of childhood economic background and sex ratio on female preference for male resource availability. Evolutionary Psychology, 17(1), 110. https://doi.org/10.1177/1474704919833720Google Scholar
Watkins, C., & Leitch, A. (2020). Using sexual selection theories to examine contextual variation in heterosexual women’s orientation toward high heels. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 49(3), 849860. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-019-01539-3Google Scholar
Zahavi, A. (1975). Mate selection – a selection for a handicap. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 53(1), 205214. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5193(75)90111-3Google Scholar
Zeveloff, S. I., & Boyce, M. S. (1982). Why human neonates are so altricial. The American Naturalist, 120(4), 537542. https://doi.org/10.1086/284010Google Scholar
Zhang, L., Lee, A. J., DeBruine, L. M., & Jones, B. C. (2019). Are sex differences in preferences for physical attractiveness and good earning capacity in potential mates smaller in countries with greater gender equality? Evolutionary Psychology, 17(2), 16. https://doi.org/10.1177/1474704919852921Google Scholar
Zhuang, J. Y., & Wang, J. X. (2014). Women ornament themselves for intrasexual competition near ovulation, but for intersexual attraction in luteal phase. PLoS One, 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0106407Google Scholar

References

Abbey, A., Zawacki, T., Buck, P. O., Clinton, A. M., & McAuslan, P. (2004). Sexual assault and alcohol consumption: What do we know about their relationship and what types of research are still needed? Aggression and Violent Behavior, 9(3), 271303. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359–1789(03)00011-9Google Scholar
Bateman, A. J. (1948). Intra-sexual selection in Drosophila. Heredity, 2(3), 349368.Google Scholar
Beauregard, E., Rossmo, D. K., & Proulx, J. (2007). A descriptive model of the hunting process of serial sex offenders: A rational choice perspective. Journal of Family Violence, 22(6), 449463.Google Scholar
Beauregard, L. (2007). An application of the rational choice approach to the offending process of sex offenders: A closer look at the decision-making. Sexual Abuse, 19(2), 115133. https://doi.org/10.1177/107906320701900204Google Scholar
Bivona, J., & Critelli, J. (2009). The nature of women’s rape fantasies: An analysis of prevalence, frequency, and contents. Journal of Sex Research, 46(1), 3345. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224490802624406Google Scholar
Bivona, J., Critelli, J., & Clark, M. (2012). Women’s rape fantasies: An empirical evaluation of the major explanations. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 41(5), 11071119.Google Scholar
Brennan, P. (2007). Coevolution of male and female genital morphology in waterfowl. PLoS One, 2(5), e418e418. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0000418Google Scholar
Bröder, A., & Hohmann, N. (2003). Variations in risk-taking behavior over the menstrual cycle: An improved replication. Evolution and Human Behavior, 24, 391398.Google Scholar
Brown, J. S. (1952). A comparative study of deviations from sexual mores. American Sociological Review, 17(2), 135146.Google Scholar
Bureau of Justice Statistics, National Crime Victimization Survey, Concatenated File, 1995–2014 (U.S. Department of Justice).Google Scholar
Bureau of Justice Statistics, National Crime Victimization Survey, Female Victims of Sexual Violence, 1994–2010 (U.S. Department of Justice).Google Scholar
Buss, D. M., & Schmitt, D. P. (1993). Sexual strategies theory: An evolutionary perspective on human mating. Psychological Review, 100(2), 204232. doi:10.1037/0033-295x.100.2.204Google Scholar
Campbell, A. (1999). Staying alive: Evolution, culture, and women’s intrasexual aggression. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 22, 203252.Google Scholar
Camuso, J., & Rellini, A. H. (2010). Sexual fantasies and sexual arousal in women with a history of childhood sexual abuse. Sexual and Relationship Therapy, 25(3), 275288. https://doi.org/10.1080/14681994.2010.494659Google Scholar
Chagnon, N. A. (1988). Life histories, blood revenge, and warfare in a tribal population. Science, 239(4843), 985992.Google Scholar
Chavanne, G. (1998). Variation in risk taking behavior among female college students as a function of the menstrual cycle. Evolution and Human Behavior, 19(1), 2732. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1090–5138(98)00016-6Google Scholar
Chen, Y., & Ullman, S. E. (2010). Women’s reporting of sexual and physical assaults to police in the National Violence Against Women Survey. Violence Against Women, 16(3), 262279.Google Scholar
Chivers, M. (2017). The specificity of women’s sexual response and its relationship with sexual orientations: A review and ten hypotheses. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 46(5), 11611179. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-016-0897-xGoogle Scholar
Chivers, M., Seto, M., & Blanchard, R. (2007). Gender and sexual orientation differences in sexual response to sexual activities versus gender of actors in sexual films. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 93(6), 11081121. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.93.6.1108Google Scholar
Christiansen, D., Bak, R., & Elklit, A. (2012). Secondary victims of rape. Violence and Victims, 27(2), 246262. https://doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.27.2.246Google Scholar
Coker, M. (2002). Intromittent organ morphology and testis size in relation to mating system in waterfowl. The Auk, 119(2), 403413. https://doi.org/10.1093/auk/119.2.403Google Scholar
Critelli, J., & Bivona, J. (2008). Women’s erotic rape fantasies: An evaluation of theory and research. Journal of Sex Research, 45(1), 5770.Google Scholar
Culbertson, K. A., Vik, P. W., & Kooiman, B. J. (2001). The impact of sexual assault, sexual assault perpetrator type, and location of sexual assault on ratings of perceived safety. Violence Against Women, 7(8), 858875.Google Scholar
Dawson, S., Suschinsky, K., & Lalumière, M. (2012). Sexual fantasies and viewing times across the menstrual cycle: A diary study. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 41(1), 173183. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-012-9939-1Google Scholar
Day, K. (1994). Conceptualizing women’s fear of sexual assault on campus: A review of causes and recommendations for change. Environment and Behavior, 26(6), 742765.Google Scholar
Dunson, D. B., Colombo, B., & Baird, D. D. (2002). Changes with age in the level and duration of fertility in the menstrual cycle. Human Reproduction, 17(5), 13991403.Google Scholar
Duntley, J. D., & Buss, D. M. (2011). Homicide adaptations. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 16(5), 399410. doi:10.1016/j.avb.2011.04.016Google Scholar
Ellis, B., & Symons, D. (1990). Sex differences in sexual fantasy: An evolutionary psychological approach. Journal of Sex Research, 27(4), 527555. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499009551579Google Scholar
Felson, R. B., & Cundiff, P. R. (2012). Age and sexual assault during robberies. Evolution and Human Behavior, 33, 1016. doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2011.04.002Google Scholar
Ferraro, K. F. (1996). Women’s fear of victimization: Shadow of sexual assault? Social Forces, 75(2), 667690.Google Scholar
Figueredo, A. J., Corral-Verdugo, V., Frıas-Armenta, M., Bachar, K. J., White, J., McNeill, P. L., … & Castell-Ruiz, I. d. P. (2001). Blood, solidarity, status, and honor: The sexual balance of power and spousal abuse in Sonora, Mexico. Evolution and Human Behavior, 22, 195328.Google Scholar
Garver-Apgar, C. E., Gangestad, S. W., & Simpson, J. A. (2007). Women’s perceptions of men’s sexual coerciveness change across the menstrual cycle. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 39, 536540.Google Scholar
Gat, A. (2000). The human motivational complex: Evolutionary theory and the causes of hunter-gatherer fighting. Part I. Primary somatic and reproductive causes. Anthropological Quarterly, 73, 2034.Google Scholar
Gidycz, C. A., Coble, C. N., Latham, L., & Layman, M. J. (1993). Sexual assault experiences in adulthood and prior victimization experiences. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 17, 151168.Google Scholar
Goetz, A. T., Shackelford, T. K., Romero, G. A., Kaighobadi, F., & Miner, E. J. (2008). Punishment, proprietariness, and paternity: Men’s violence against women from an evolutionary perspective. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 13(6), 481489.Google Scholar
Goetz, C. D., Easton, J. A., Lewis, D. M. G., & Buss, D. M. (2012). Sexual exploitability: Observable cues and their link to sexual attraction. Evolution and Human Behavior, 33(4), 417426. doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2011.12.004Google Scholar
Gorelik, G., Shackelford, T. K., & Weekes-Shackelford, V. A. (2012). Human violence and evolutionary consciousness. Review of General Psychology, 16(4), 343356.Google Scholar
Gottschall, J. (2004). Explaining wartime rape. Journal of Sex Research, 41(2), 129136.Google Scholar
Gottschall, J. A., & Gottschall, T. A. (2003). Are per-incident rape-pregnancy rates higher than per-incident consensual pregnancy rates? Human Nature, 14(1), 120.Google Scholar
Hagen, E. H. & Symons, D. (2007). Natural psychology: The environment of evolutionary adaptedness and the structure of cognition. In Gangestad, S. W. & Simpson, J. A. (Eds.), The evolution of mind: Fundamental questions and controversies (pp. 3844). New York, NY: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Hazelwood, R. R., Reboussin, R., & Warren, J. I. (1989). Serial rape: Correlates of increased aggression and the relationship of offender pleasure to victim resistance. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 4(1), 6578.Google Scholar
Heyden, S. M., Anger, B. F., Jackson, T. T. W., & Ellner, T. D. (1999). Fighting back works: The case for advocating and teaching self-defense against rape. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance, 70(5), 3134.Google Scholar
Higham, J. P., MacLarnon, A. M., Ross, C., Heistermann, M., & Semple, S. (2008). Baboon sexual swellings: Information content of size and color. Hormones and Behavior, 53(3), 452462.Google Scholar
Kaplan, H., Hill, K., Lancaster, J., & Hurtado, A. M. (2000). A theory of human life history evolution: Diet, intelligence, and longevity. Evolutionary Anthropology, 9(4), 156185.Google Scholar
Karen, R., & Roberts, G. (1995). Women’s non-spousal multiple victimization: A test of the routine activities theory. Canadian Journal of Criminology, 37(3), 363391.Google Scholar
Kilpatrick, D. G., Resick, P. A., & Veronen, L. J. (1981). Effects of a rape experience: A longitudinal study. Journal of Social Issues, 37(4), 105122.Google Scholar
Kilpatrick, D. G., Veronen, L. J., & Resick, P. A. (1979). Assessment of the aftermath of rape: Changing patterns of fear. Journal of Behavioral Assessment, 1(2), 133148.Google Scholar
Kleck, G., & Sayles, S. (1990). Rape and resistance. Social Problems, 37(2), 149162.Google Scholar
Kohler, T., & Turner, K. (2006). Raiding for women in the pre-Hispanic northern Pueblo Southwest? A pilot examination. Current Anthropology, 47(6), 10351045.Google Scholar
Koss, M. P., & Oros, C. J. (1982). Sexual experiences survey: A research instrument investigating sexual aggression and victimization. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 50(3), 455.Google Scholar
Lalumière, M. (2017). On the concept of category-specificity. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 46(5), 11871190. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-017-0965-xGoogle Scholar
Lalumière, S. (2020). The empirical status of the preparation hypothesis: Explicating women’s genital responses to sexual stimuli in the laboratory. Archives of Sexual Behavior. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-019-01599-5Google Scholar
Lassek, W. D., & Gaulin, S. J. (2009). Costs and benefits of fat-free muscle mass in men: Relationship to mating success, dietary requirements, and native immunity. Evolution and Human Behavior, 30(5), 322328.Google Scholar
Leaperand, C., & Holliday, H. (1995). Gossip in same-gender and cross-gender friends’ conversations. Personal Relationships, 2(3), 237246.Google Scholar
Lewis, D. M., Conroy-Beam, D., Al-Shawaf, L., Raja, A., DeKay, T., & Buss, D. M. (2011). Friends with benefits: The evolved psychology of same- and opposite-sex friendship. Evolutionary Psychology, 9(4), 543563.Google Scholar
Littleton, H., Axsom, D., & Grills-Taquechel, A. (2009). Sexual assault victims’ acknowledgment status and revictimization risk. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 33(1), 3442. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.2008.01472.xGoogle Scholar
Lovell, R., Luminais, M., Flannery, D. J., Overman, L., Huang, D., Walker, T., & Clark, D. R. (2017). Offending patterns for serial sex offenders identified via the DNA testing of previously unsubmitted sexual assault kits. Journal of Criminal Justice, 52, 6878. doi:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2017.08.002Google Scholar
Malamuth, N. (1989). The attraction to sexual aggression scale: Part one. Journal of Sex Research, 26(1), 2649. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224498909551491Google Scholar
Martin, K., Vieraitis, L., & Britto, S. (2006). Gender equality and women’s absolute status: A test of the feminist models of rape. Violence Against Women, 12(4), 321339. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077801206286311Google Scholar
May, D. C., Rader, N. E., & Goodrum, S. (2010). A gendered assessment of the ‘‘threat of victimization’’: Examining gender differences in fear of crime, perceived risk, avoidance, and defensive behaviors. Criminal Justice Review, 35(2), 159182.Google Scholar
McDonald, M. M., Asher, B. D., Kerr, N. L., & Navarrete, C. D. (2011). Fertility and intergroup bias in racial and minimal-group contexts: Evidence for shared architecture. Psychological Science, 22, 860865. doi:10.1177/0956797611410985Google Scholar
McDonald, M. M., Coleman, B., & Brindley, S. (2019). Calibrating fear of rape: Threat likelihood and victimization costs. Personality and Individual Differences, 139, 326330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2018.12.001Google Scholar
McDonald, M. M., Donnellan, M., Cesario, J., & Navarrete, C. (2015). Mate choice preferences in an intergroup context: Evidence for a sexual coercion threat-management system among women. Evolution and Human Behavior, 36(6), 438445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2015.04.002Google Scholar
McKibbin, W., Shackelford, T., Goetz, A., Bates, V., Starratt, V., & Miner, E. (2009). Development and initial psychometric assessment of the rape avoidance inventory. Personality and Individual Differences, 46(3), 336340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2008.10.026Google Scholar
McKibbin, W., Shackelford, T., Goetz, A., & Starratt, V. (2008). Why do men rape? An evolutionary psychological perspective. Review of General Psychology, 12(1), 8697. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.12.1.86Google Scholar
McKibbin, W. F., Shackelford, T. K., Miner, E. J., Bates, V. M., & Liddle, J. R. (2011). Individual differences in women’s rape avoidance behaviors. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 40(2), 343349. doi:10.1007/s10508-010-9627-yGoogle Scholar
Messman-Moore, T., Brown, A., & Koelsch, L. (2005). Posttraumatic symptoms and self-dysfunction as consequences and predictors of sexual revictimization. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 18(3), 253261. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.20023Google Scholar
Minturn, L., Grosse, M., & Haider, S. (1969). Cultural patterning of sexual beliefs and behavior. Ethnology, 8(3), 301318.Google Scholar
Montagne, B., Kessels, R. P., Frigerio, E., de Haan, E. H., & Perrett, D. I. (2005). Sex differences in the perception of affective facial expressions: Do men really lack emotional sensitivity? Cognitive Processing, 6(2), 136141.Google Scholar
Mujica-Parodi, L. R., Strey, H. H., Frederick, B., Savoy, R., Cox, D., Botanov, Y., … & Weber, J. (2009). Chemosensory cues to conspecific emotional stress activate amygdala in humans. PLoS One, 4(7), e6415. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0006415Google Scholar
Murzynski, J., & Degelman, D. (1996). Body language of women and judgments of vulnerability to sexual assault. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 26, 16171626.Google Scholar
National Sexual Violence Resource Center. (2011). Sexual revictimization. Retrieved from www.nsvrc.org/publications/nsvrc-publications-research-briefs/sexual-revictimizationGoogle Scholar
Navarrete, C. D., Fessler, D. M., Fleischman, D. S., & Geyer, J. (2009). Race bias tracks conception risk across the menstrual cycle. Psychological Science, 20, 661665. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02352.xGoogle Scholar
Nesse, R. (2005). Maladaptation and natural selection. The Quarterly Review of Biology, 80(1), 6270. https://doi.org/10.1086/431026Google Scholar
Nettle, D. (2006). The evolution of personality variation in humans and other animals. The American Psychologist, 61(6), 622631. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.61.6.622Google Scholar
Neuberg, S., Kenrick, D., & Schaller, M. (2011). Human threat management systems: Self-protection and disease avoidance. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 35(4), 10421051. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.08.0Google Scholar
O’Donovan, A., Devilly, G. J., & Rapee, R. M. (2007). Antecedents to women’s fear of rape. Behaviour Change, 24(3), 135145.Google Scholar
Oaten, M., Stevenson, R. J., & Case, T. I. (2009). Disgust as a disease-avoidance mechanism. Psychological Bulletin, 135(2), 303.Google Scholar
Palmer, C. (1989). Is rape a cultural universal? A re-examination of the ethnographic data. Ethnology, 28(1), 116.Google Scholar
Park, J. H., Faulkner, J., & Schaller, M. (2003). Evolved disease-avoidance processes and contemporary anti-social behavior: Prejudicial attitudes and avoidance of people with physical disabilities. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 27(2), 6587.Google Scholar
Pause, B. M., Storch, D., & Lübke, K. T. (2020). Chemosensory communication of aggression: Women’s fine-tuned neural processing of male aggression signals. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 375(1800), 20190270.Google Scholar
Perilloux, C., Duntley, J. D., & Buss, D. M. (2011). The costs of rape. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 41(5), 10991106.Google Scholar
Perilloux, C., Fleischman, D. S., & Buss, D. M. (2008). The daughter-guarding hypothesis: Parental influence on, and emotional reactions to, offspring’s mating behavior. Evolutionary Psychology, 6(2), 217233.Google Scholar
Petralia, S. M., & Gallup, G. G. Jr. (2002). Effects of a sexual assault scenario on handgrip strength across the menstrual cycle. Evolution and Human Behavior, 23, 310. doi:10.1016/S1090-5138(01)00085-XGoogle Scholar
Quinsey, V. L., & Upfold, D. (1985). Rape completion and victim injury as a function of female resistance strategy. Canadian Journal of Behavioral Science, 17(1), 4150.Google Scholar
Radulescu, A. R., & Mujica-Parodi, L. R. (2013). Human gender differences in the perception of conspecific alarm chemosensory cues. PLoS One, 8(7), e68485.Google Scholar
Rankin, A., Swearingen-Stanborough, C., Granger, D. A., & Byrd-Craven, J. (2018). The role of co-rumination and adrenocortical attunement in young women’s close friendships. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 98, 6166.Google Scholar
Resnick, H. S., Kilpatrick, D. G., Dansky, B. S., Saunders, B. E., & Best, C. L. (1993). Prevalence of civilian trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder in a representative national sample of women. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 61(6), 984.Google Scholar
Roberts, J. J., Rodgers, S. E., Drury, J., Ashman, L. K., & Lloyd, J. V. (1995). Platelet activation induced by a murine monoclonal antibody directed against a novel tetra-span antigen. British Journal of Haematology, 89(4), 853860.Google Scholar
Romito, P., & Grassi, M. (2007). Does violence affect one gender more than the other? The mental health impact of violence among male and female university students. Social Science & Medicine, 65(6), 12221234.Google Scholar
Rozée, P. D. (1993). Forbidden or forgiven? Rape in cross-cultural perspective. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 17(4), 499514.Google Scholar
Sakaguchi, K., & Hasegawa, T. (2006). Person perception through gait information and target choice for sexual advances: Comparison of likely targets in experiments and real life. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 30(2), 6385. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10919-006-0006-2Google Scholar
Sanday, P. R. (1981). The socio-cultural context of rape: A cross-cultural study. Journal of Social Issues, 37(4), 527.Google Scholar
Savolainen, J., Brauer, J. R., & Ellonen, N. (2020). Beauty is in the eye of the offender: Physical attractiveness and adolescent victimization. Journal of Criminal Justice, 66, 101652. doi:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2019.101652Google Scholar
Schafer, J. A., Huebner, B. M., & Bynum, T. S. (2006). Fear of crime and criminal victimization: Gender-based contrasts. Journal of Criminal Justice, 34(3), 285301.Google Scholar
Sell, A., Hone, L. S. E., & Pound, N. (2012). The importance of physical strength to human males. Human Nature, 23(1), 3044. doi:10.1007/s12110-012-9131-2Google Scholar
Senn, C. Y., & Dzinas, K. (1996). Measuring fear of rape. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 28, 141144. doi:10.1037/0008-400x.28.2.141Google Scholar
Smith, M. D. (1988). Women’s fear of violent crime: An exploratory test of a feminist hypothesis. Journal of Family Violence, 3, 2938.Google Scholar
Smuts, B. B. (1992). Male aggression against women. Human Nature, 6, 132.Google Scholar
Snyder, J. K., & Fessler, D. M. (2013). Reexamining individual differences in women’s rape avoidance behaviors. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 42(4), 543551.Google Scholar
Stevens, D. J. (1998). Inside the mind of a serial rapist. Bethesda, MD: Austin & Winfield.Google Scholar
Suschinsky, K., & Lalumière, M. (2011). Prepared for anything?: An investigation of female genital arousal in response to rape cues. Psychological Science, 22(2), 159165. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797610394660Google Scholar
Sutton, R. M., & Farrall, S. (2004). Gender, socially desirable responding and the fear of crime: Are women really more anxious about crime? British Journal of Criminology, 45(2), 212224.Google Scholar
Symons, D. (1979). The evolution of human sexuality. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Taylor, S. E., Klein, L. C., Lewis, B. P., Gruenewald, T. L., Gurung, R. A., & Updegraff, J. A. (2000). Biobehavioral responses to stress in females: Tend-and-befriend, not fight-or-flight. Psychological Review, 107(3), 411.Google Scholar
Thornhill, N. W., & Thornhill, R. (1990). An evolutionary analysis of psychological pain following rape. I: The effects of victim’s age and marital status. Ethology and Sociobiology, 11(3), 155176. doi:10.1016/0162-3095(90)90008-tGoogle Scholar
Thornhill, R., & Palmer, C. P. (2000). A natural history of rape. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Thornhill, R., & Thornhill, N. W. (1983). Human rape: An evolutionary analysis. Ethology and Sociobiology, 4, 137173. doi:10.1016/0162-3095(83)90027–4Google Scholar
Thornhill, R., & Thornhill, N. W. (1991). An evolutionary analysis of psychological pain following human (Homo sapiens) rape: IV. The effect of the nature of the sexual assault. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 105(3), 243252. doi:10.1037/0735-7036.105.3.243Google Scholar
Tokuyama, N., & Furuichi, T. (2016). Do friends help each other? Patterns of female coalition formation in wild bonobos at Wamba. Animal Behaviour, 119, 2735.Google Scholar
Trivers, R. L., (1972). Parental investment and sexual selection. In Campbell, B. (Ed.), Sexual selection and the descent of man (pp. 136179). Chicago, IL: Aldine-Atherton.Google Scholar
Ullman, S. E. (1998). Does offender violence escalate when rape victims fight back? Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 13(2), 179192.Google Scholar
Ullman, S. E. (2007). A 10-year update of “review and critique of empirical studies of rape avoidance.” Criminal Justice and Behavior, 34(3), 411429.Google Scholar
Ullman, S. E., & Knight, R. A. (1992). Fighting back: Women’s resistance to rape. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 7(1), 3143.Google Scholar
Ullman, S., Townsend, S., Filipas, H., & Starzynski, L. (2007). Structural models of the relations of assault severity, social support, avoidance coping, self-blame, and PTSD among sexual assault survivors. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 31(1), 2337. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.2007.00328.xGoogle Scholar
Ullman, S., & Vasquez, A. (2015). Mediators of sexual revictimization risk in adult sexual assault victims. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 24(3), 300314. https://doi.org/10.1080/10538712.2015.1006748Google Scholar
Vicary, A. M., & Fraley, R. C. (2010). Captured by true crime: Why are women drawn to tales of rape, murder, and serial killers? Social Psychological and Personality Science, 1(1), 8186.Google Scholar
Warr, M. (1985). Fear of rape among urban women. Social Problems, 32(3), 238250.Google Scholar
Weatherhead, P. J., & Robertson, R. J. (1979). Offspring quality and the polygyny threshold: “The sexy son hypothesis.” The American Naturalist, 113(2), 201208.Google Scholar
White, J. W., & Smith, P. H. (2001). Developmental antecedents of violence against women: A longitudinal perspective. U.S. Department of Justice.Google Scholar
Wilcox, A. J., Dunson, D. B., Weinberg, C. R., Trussell, J., & Baird, D. D. (2001). Likelihood of conception with a single act of intercourse: Providing benchmark rates for assessment of post-coital contraceptives. Contraception, 63, 211215. doi:10.1016/S0010-7824(01)00191-3Google Scholar
Wilson, M., & Mesnick, S. L. (1997). An empirical test of the bodyguard hypothesis. In Gowaty, P. A. (Ed.), Feminism and evolutionary biology (pp. 505511). New York, NY: Chapman & Hall.Google Scholar
Wood, E. J. (2006). Variation in sexual violence during war. Politics & Society, 34(3), 307342. https://doi.org/10.1177/0032329206290426Google Scholar

References

Adair, L., Dillon, H., & Brase, G. (2017). I’ll have who she’s having: Mate copying, mate poaching, and mate retention. In Fisher, M. L. (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of women and competition (pp. 319336). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Aguirre, J. D., & Marshall, D. J. (2012). Does genetic diversity reduce sibling competition? Evolution: International Journal of Organic Evolution, 66(1), 94102. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.2011.01413.xGoogle Scholar
Alcock, J. (1980). Beyond the sociobiology of sexuality: Predictive hypotheses. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 3(2), 181182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X00004131Google Scholar
Alexandre, G. C., Nadanovsky, P., Moraes, C. L., & Reichenheim, M. (2010). The presence of a stepfather and child physical abuse, as reported by a sample of Brazilian mothers in Rio de Janeiro. Child Abuse & Neglect, 34(12), 959966. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2010.06.005Google Scholar
Anderson, K. G. (2006). How well does paternity confidence match actual paternity? Evidence from worldwide non-paternity rates. Current Anthropology, 47(3), 513520. https://doi.org/10.1086/504167Google Scholar
Anderson, K. G., Kaplan, H., & Lancaster, J. (1999). Paternal care by genetic fathers and stepfathers I: Reports from Albuquerque men. Evolution and Human Behavior, 20(6), 405431. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1090–5138(99)00023-9Google Scholar
Anderson, K. G., Kaplan, H., & Lancaster, J. B. (2007). Confidence of paternity, divorce, and investment in children by Albuquerque men. Evolution and Human Behavior, 28(1), 110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2006.06.004Google Scholar
Anderson, R. C., & Surbey, M. K. (2014). I want what she’s having: Evidence of human mate copying. Human Nature, 25(3), 342358. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12110-014-9202-7Google Scholar
Anderson, R. C., & Surbey, M. K. (2020). Human mate copying as a form of nonindependent mate selection: Findings and considerations. Evolutionary Behavioral Sciences, 14(2), 173196. https://doi.org/10.1037/ebs0000151Google Scholar
Baker, R. R., & Bellis, M. A. (1993a). Human sperm competition: Ejaculate adjustment by males and the function of masturbation. Animal Behaviour, 46(5), 861885. https://doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1993.1271Google Scholar
Baker, R. R., & Bellis, M. A. (1993b). Human sperm competition: Ejaculate manipulation by females and a function for the female orgasm. Animal Behaviour, 46(5), 887909. https://doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1993.1272Google Scholar
Baker, R. R., & Bellis, M. A. (1995). Human sperm competition: Copulation, masturbation, and infidelity. London: Chapman & Hall.Google Scholar
Basile, K. C. (2002). Prevalence of wife rape and other intimate partner sexual coercion in a nationally representative sample of women. Violence and Victims, 17(5), 511524. https://doi.org/10.1891/vivi.17.5.511.33717Google Scholar
Belu, C., & O’Sullivan, L. (2018). Why find my own when I can take yours?: The quality of relationships that arise from successful mate poaching. Journal of Relationships Research, 9, Article e6. https://doi.org/10.1017/jrr.2018.5Google Scholar
Belu, C. F., & O’Sullivan, L. F. (2020). Once a poacher always a poacher? Mate poaching history and its association with relationship quality. Journal of Sex Research, 5(74), 508521. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2019.1610150Google Scholar
Betzig, L. (1989). Causes of conjugal dissolution: A cross-cultural study. Current Anthropology, 30(5), 654676. https://doi.org/10.1086/203798Google Scholar
Bleske-Rechek, A. L., & Buss, D. M. (2001). Opposite-sex friendship: Sex differences and similarities in initiation, selection, and dissolution. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27(10), 13101323. https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672012710007Google Scholar
Bleske, A. L., & Shackelford, T. K. (2001). Poaching, promiscuity, and deceit: Combatting mating rivalry in same-sex friendships. Personal Relationships, 8(4), 407424. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6811.2001.tb00048.xGoogle Scholar
Blow, A. J., & Hartnett, K. (2005a). Infidelity in committed relationships I: A methodological review. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 31, 217233. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-0606.2005.tb01555.xGoogle Scholar
Blow, A. J., & Hartnett, K. (2005b). Infidelity in committed relationships II: A substantive review. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 31(2), 217233. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-0606.2005.tb01556.xGoogle Scholar
Brand, R. J., Markey, C. M., Mills, A., & Hodges, S. D. (2007). Sex differences in self-reported infidelity and its correlates. Sex Roles, 57(1), 101109. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-007-9221-5Google Scholar
Buss, D. M. (1988). From vigilance to violence: Tactics of mate retention in American undergraduates. Ethology and Sociobiology, 9(5), 291317. https://doi.org/10.1016/0162-3095(88)90010-6Google Scholar
Buss, D. M. (1989). Sex differences in human mate preferences: Evolutionary hypotheses tested in 37 cultures. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 12(1), 114. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X00023992Google Scholar
Buss, D. M., & Duntley, J. D. (2014). Intimate partner violence in evolutionary perspective. In Shackelford, T. K. & Hansen, R. D. (Eds.), The evolution of violence (pp. 121). New York, NY: Springer.Google Scholar
Buss, D. M., Goetz, C., Duntley, J. D., Asao, K., & Conroy-Beam, D. (2017). The mate switching hypothesis. Personality and Individual Differences, 104, 143149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.07.022Google Scholar
Buss, D. M., & Schmitt, D. P. (1993). Sexual strategies theory: A contextual evolutionary analysis of human mating. Psychological Review, 100(2), 204232. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295x.100.2.204Google Scholar
Buss, D. M., & Schmitt, D. P. (2019). Mate preferences and their behavioral manifestations. Annual Review of Psychology, 70(1), 77110. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-010418-103408Google Scholar
Buss, D. M., & Shackelford, T. K. (1997). From vigilance to violence: Mate retention tactics in married couples. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72(2), 346361. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.72.2.346Google Scholar
Case, A., & Paxson, C. (2001). Mothers and others: Who invests in children’s health? Journal of Health Economics, 20(3), 301328. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167–6296(00)00088-6Google Scholar
Centifanti, L. C. M., Thomson, N. D., & Kwok, A. H. (2016). Identifying the manipulating mating methods associated with psychopathic traits and BPD features. Journal of Personality Disorders, 30(6), 721741. https://doi.org/10.1521/pedi_2015_29_225Google Scholar
Conroy-Beam, D., Goetz, C., & Buss, D. M. (2016). What predicts romantic relationship satisfaction and mate retention intensity? Mate preference fulfillment or mate value discrepancies? Evolution and Human Behavior, 37(6), 440448. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2016.04.003Google Scholar
Cross, C. P., & Campbell, A. C. (2014). Violence and aggression in women. In Shackelford, T. K. & Hansen, R. D. (Eds.), The evolution of violence (pp. 211232). New York, NY: Springer.Google Scholar
Daly, M., & Wilson, M. (1985). Child abuse and other risks of not living with both parents. Ethology & Sociobiology, 6(4), 197210. https://doi.org/10.1016/0162-3095(85)90012-3Google Scholar
Daly, M., & Wilson, M. (1988). Homicide. Piscataway, NJ: Transaction Publishers.Google Scholar
Daly, M., & Wilson, M. (2008). Is the “Cinderella Effect” controversial?: A case study of evolution-minded research and critiques thereof. In Crawford, C. & Krebs, D. (Eds.), Foundations of evolutionary psychology (pp. 383400). New York, NY: Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Davies, A. P. C., & Shackelford, T. K. (2015). Comparisons of the effectiveness of mate attraction tactics across mate poaching and general attraction and across types of romantic relationships. Personality and Individual Differences, 85, 140144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.05.001Google Scholar
Davies, A. P. C., & Shackelford, T. K. (2017). Don’t you wish your partner was hot like me?: The effectiveness of mate poaching across relationship types considering the relative mate values of the poacher and the partner of the poached. Personality and Individual Differences, 106, 3235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.10.029Google Scholar
Davies, A. P. C., Shackelford, T. K., & Hass, G. R. (2007). When a ‘‘poach” is not a poach: Redefining human mate poaching and re-estimating its frequency. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 36(5), 702716. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-006-9158-8Google Scholar
Davies, A. P. C., Shackelford, T. K., & Hass, R. G. (2010). Sex differences in perceptions of benefits and costs of mate poaching. Personality and Individual Differences, 49(5), 441445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2010.04.014Google Scholar
Davies, A. P. C., Tratner, A. E., & Shackelford, T. K. (2019). Not clearly defined, not reliably measured, and not replicable: Revisiting the definition and measurement of human mate poaching. Personality and Individual Differences, 145, 103105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2019.03.036Google Scholar
Dugatkin, L. A. (1992). Sexual selection and imitation – females copy the mate choice of others. The American Naturalist, 139(6), 13841389. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/285392Google Scholar
Duntley, J. D., & Buss, D. M. (2007). Backup mates. Paper presented to the Annual Meeting of the Human Behavior and Evolution Society. Williamsburg, VA.Google Scholar
Eagly, A. H., & Wood, W. (2005). Universal sex differences across patriarchal cultures ≠ evolved psychological dispositions. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 28(2), 281283. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X05290052Google Scholar
Ein-Dor, T., Perry-Paldi, A., Hirschberger, G., Birnbaum, G. E., & Deutsch, D. (2015). Coping with mate poaching: Gender differences in detection of infidelity-related threats. Evolution and Human Behavior, 36(1), 1724. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2014.08.002Google Scholar
Feingold, A. (1988). Matching for attractiveness in romantic partners and same-sex friends: A meta-analysis and theoretical critique. Psychological Bulletin, 104(2), 226235. https://doi.org/10.1037//0033-2909.104.2.226Google Scholar
Fincham, F. D., & May, R. W. (2017). Infidelity in romantic relationships. Current Opinion in Psychology, 13, 7074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2016.03.008Google Scholar
Fisher, H. E. (2012). Serial monogamy and clandestine adultery: Evolution and consequences of the dual human reproductive. In Roberts, S. C. (Ed.), Applied evolutionary psychology (pp. 93111). Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Fisher, M. L., & Wade, T. J. (2019). Mate poaching. In Shackelford, T. K. & Weekes-Shackelford, V. A. (Eds.), Encyclopedia of evolutionary psychological science. Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://doi-org-443.webvpn.jnu.edu.cn/10.1007/978-3-319-16999-6_1744-1Google Scholar
Foster, J. D., Jonason, P. K., Shrira, I., Campbell, W. K., Shiverdecker, L. K., & Varner, S. C. (2014). What do you get when you make somebody else’s partner your own? An analysis of relationships formed via mate poaching. Journal of Research in Personality, 52, 7890. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2014.07.008Google Scholar
Fugère, M. A., Cousins, A. J., & MacLaren, S. A. (2015). (Mis)matching in physical attractiveness and women’s resistance to mate guarding. Personality and Individual Differences, 87, 190195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.07.048Google Scholar
Gallup, G. G. Jr., Burch, R. L., Zappieri, M. L., Parvez, R., Stockwell, M., & Davis, J. A. (2003). The human penis as a semen displacement device. Evolution and Human Behavior, 24(4), 277289. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1090–5138(03)00016-3Google Scholar
Gangestad, S. W. (2006). Evidence for adaptations for female extra-pair mating in humans: Thoughts on current status and future directions. In Platek, S. M. & Shackelford, T. K. (Eds.), Female infidelity and paternal uncertainty (pp. 3757). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Gangestad, S. W., & Haselton, M. G. (2015). Human estrus: Implications for relationship science. Current Opinion in Psychology, 1, 4551. http://dx.doi.10.1016/j.copsyc.2014.12.007Google Scholar
Gangestad, S. W., & Simpson, J. A. (2000). The evolution of human mating: Trade-offs and strategic pluralism. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 23(4), 573587. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X0000337XGoogle Scholar
Gangestad, S. W., & Thornhill, R. (1998). Menstrual cycle variation in women’s preferences for the scent of symmetrical men. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 265(1399), 927933. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.1998.0380Google Scholar
Gangestad, S. W., Thornhill, R., & Garver-Apgar, C. E. (2005). Women’s sexual interests across the ovulatory cycle depend on primary partner developmental instability. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 272(1576), 20232027. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2005.3112Google Scholar
Geary, D. C. (2016). Evolution of paternal investment. In Buss, D. M. (Ed.), The handbook of evolutionary psychology: Vol. 1: Foundations (pp. 524541). New York, NY: Wiley.Google Scholar
Gildersleeve, K., Haselton, M. G., & Fales, M. R. (2014). Do women’s mate preferences change across the ovulatory cycle? A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 140(5), 12051259. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035438Google Scholar
Glass, S. P., & Wright, T. L. (1985). Sex differences in type of extramarital involvement and marital dissatisfaction. Sex Roles, 12(9–10), 11011120. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00288108Google Scholar
Glass, S. P., & Wright, T. L. (1992). Justifications for extramarital relationships: The association between attitudes, behaviors, and gender. Journal of Sex Research, 29(3), 361387. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499209551654Google Scholar
Goetz, A. T., & Shackelford, T. K. (2006). Sexual coercion and forced in-pair copulation as sperm competition tactics in humans. Human Nature, 17(3), 265282. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12110-006-1009-8Google Scholar
Goetz, A. T., & Shackelford, T. K. (2009). Sexual coercion in intimate relationships: A comparative analysis of the effects of women’s infidelity and men’s dominance and control. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 38(2), 226234. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-008-9353-xGoogle Scholar
Gouda-Vossos, A., Nakagawa, S., Dixson, B. J., & Brooks, R. C. (2018). Mate choice copying in humans: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Adaptive Human Behavior and Physiology, 4(4), 364386. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40750-018-0099-yGoogle Scholar
Greeff, J. M., & Erasmus, J. C. (2015). Three hundred years of low non-paternity in a human population. Heredity, 115(5), 396404. https://doi.org/10.1038/hdy.2015.36Google Scholar
Greiling, H., & Buss, D. M. (2000). Women’s sexual strategies: The hidden dimension of extra-pair mating. Personality and Individual Differences, 28(5), 929963. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191–8869(99)00151-8Google Scholar
Grundler, P., Kardum, I., & Hudek-Knezevic, J. (2013). Učestalost nekih aspekata preotimanja partnera i njihova povezanost sa socioseksualnosti [The frequency of some aspects of mate poaching and their relationship with sociosexuality]. Društvena istraživanja, 22(1), 6378. https://doi.org/10.5559/di.22.1.04Google Scholar
Harcourt, A., Harvey, P., Larson, S., & Short, R. V. (1981). Testis weight, body weight and breeding system in primates. Nature, 293(5827), 5557. https://doi.org/10.1038/293055a0Google Scholar
Harris, G. T., Hilton, N. Z., Rice, M. E., & Eke, A. W. (2007). Children killed by genetic parents versus stepparents. Evolution and Human Behavior, 28(2), 8595. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2006.08.001Google Scholar
Hrdy, S. B. (2006). The optimal number of fathers: Evolution, demography, and history in the shaping of female mate preferences. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 907(1), 7596. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06617.xGoogle Scholar
Johnson, D. J., & Rusbult, C. E. (1989). Resisting temptation: Devaluation of alternative partners as a means of maintaining commitment in close relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(6), 967980. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0022-3514.57.6.967Google Scholar
Jonason, P. K., Li, N. P., & Buss, D. M. (2010). The costs and benefits of the Dark Triad: Implications for mate poaching and mate retention tactics. Personality and Individual Differences, 48(4), 373378. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2009.11.003Google Scholar
Jones, B. C., Hahn, A. C., Fisher, C. I., Wang, H., Kandrik, M., Han, C., … & DeBruine, L. M. (2018). No compelling evidence that preferences for facial masculinity track changes in women’s hormonal status. Psychological Science, 29(6), 9961005. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797618760197Google Scholar
Jünger, J., Kordsmeyer, T. L., Gerlach, T. M., & Penke, L. (2018). Fertile women evaluate male bodies as more attractive, regardless of masculinity. Evolution and Human Behavior, 39(4), 412423. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2018.03.007Google Scholar
Kardum, I., Hudek-Knezevic, J., & Mehic, N. (2018). Personality and mate poaching. In Shackelford, T. K. & Weekes-Shackelford, V. A. (Eds.), Encyclopedia of evolutionary psychological science. Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16999-6_1750-1Google Scholar
Kardum, I., Hudek-Knezevic, J., Schmitt, D. P., & Grundler, P. (2015). Personality and mate poaching experiences. Personality and Individual Differences, 75, 712. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.10.048Google Scholar
Kavaliers, M., Matta, R., & Choleris, E. (2017). Mate-choice copying, social information processing, and the roles of oxytocin. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 72, 232242. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.12.003Google Scholar
Kenrick, D. T., Groth, G. E., Trost, M. R., & Sadalla, E. K. (1993). Integrating evolutionary and social exchange perspectives on relationships: Effects of gender, self-appraisal, and involvement level on mate selection criteria. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64(6), 951969. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0022-3514.64.6.951Google Scholar
Kenrick, D. T., Sadalla, E. K., Groth, G., & Trost, M. R. (1990). Evolution, traits, and the stages of human courtship: Qualifying the parental investment model. Journal of Personality, 58(1), 97116. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1990.tb00909.xGoogle Scholar
Khan, R., Brewer, G., Kim, S., & Centifanti, L. C. M. (2017). Students, sex, and psychopathy: Borderline and psychopathy personality traits are differently related to women and men’s use of sexual coercion, partner poaching, and promiscuity. Personality and Individual Differences, 107, 7277. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1016/j.paid.2016.11.027Google Scholar
Larmuseau, M. H., Matthijs, K., & Wenseleers, T. (2016). Cuckolded fathers rare in human populations. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 31(5), 327329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2016.03.004Google Scholar
Larson, C. M., Haselton, M. G., Gildersleeve, K. A., & Pillsworth, C. G. (2013). Changes in women’s feelings about their romantic relationships across the ovulatory cycle. Hormones and Behavior, 63(1), 128135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2012.10.005Google Scholar
Larson, C. M., Pillsworth, E. G., & Haselton, M. G. (2012). Ovulatory shifts in women’s attractions to primary partners and other men: Further evidence of the importance of primary partner sexual attractiveness. PLoS One, 7(9), Article e44456. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0044456Google Scholar
Laumann, E. O., Gagnon, J. H., Michael, R. T., & Michaels, S. (1994). The social organization of sexuality: Sexual practices in the United States. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Lewis, D. M. G., Conroy-Beam, D., Al-Shawaf, L., Raja, A., DeKay, T., & Buss, D. M. (2011). Friends with benefits: The evolved psychology of same- and opposite-sex friendship. Evolutionary Psychology, 9(4). https://doi.org/10.1177%2F147470491100900407Google Scholar
Li, N. P. (2007). Mate preference necessities in long- and short-term mating: People prioritize in themselves what their mates prioritize in them. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 39(3), 528535.Google Scholar
Madkan, V. K., Giancola, A. A., Sra, K. K., & Tyring, S. K. (2006). Sex differences in the transmission, prevention, and disease manifestations of sexually transmitted diseases. Archives of Dermatology, 142(3), 365370. https://doi.org/10.1001/archderm.142.3.365Google Scholar
McKibbin, W. F., Bates, V. M., Shackelford, T. K., Hafen, C. A., & LaMunyon, C. W. (2010). Risk of sperm competition moderates the relationship between men’s satisfaction with their partner and men’s interest in their partner’s copulatory orgasm. Personality and Individual Differences, 49(8), 961966. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2010.08.005Google Scholar
McKibbin, W. F., Pham, M. N., & Shackelford, T. K. (2013). Human sperm competition in postindustrial ecologies: Sperm competition cues predict adult DVD sales. Behavioral Ecology, 24(4), 819823. https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/art031Google Scholar
Mogilski, J. K., & Wade, T. J. (2013). Friendship as a relationship infiltration tactic during human mate poaching. Evolutionary Psychology, 11(4), 926943. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F147470491301100415Google Scholar
Moran, J. B., Kuhle, B. X., Wade, T. J., & Seid, M. A. (2017). To poach or not to poach? Men are more willing to short-term poach mated women who are more attractive than their mates. EvoS Journal: The Journal of Evolutionary Studies Consortium, 8(3), 5869.Google Scholar
Moran, J. B., & Wade, T. J. (2019a). Perceptions of a mismatched couple: The role of attractiveness on mate poaching and copying. Evolutionary Behavioral Sciences. https://doi.apa.org/doi/10.1037/ebs0000187Google Scholar
Moran, J. B., & Wade, T. J. (2019b). Self-perceived success in mate poaching: How a couple’s attractiveness and relationship duration impact men’s short-term poaching intentions. Human Ethology, 34, 2640. https://doi.org/10.22330/he/34/026-040Google Scholar
Nascimento, B. S., & Little, A. (2020). Mate retention behaviours and jealousy in hypothetical mate-poaching situations: Measuring the effects of sex, context, and rivals’ attributes. Evolutionary Psychological Science, 6(1), 2029. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40806-019-00207-yGoogle Scholar
Parker, G. G. (1970). Sperm competition and its evolutionary consequences in the insects. Biological Reviews, 45(4), 525567. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-185X.1970.tb01176.xGoogle Scholar
Pedersen, F. A. (1991). Secular trends in human sex ratios: Their influence on individual and family behavior. Human Nature, 2(3), 271291. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02692189Google Scholar
Penke, L., & Asendorpf, J. B. (2008). Beyond global sociosexual orientations: A more differentiated look at sociosexuality and its effects on courtship and romantic relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95(5), 11131135. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.95.5.1113Google Scholar
Petersen, J. L., & Hyde, J. S. (2010). A meta-analytic review of research on gender differences in sexuality, 1993–2007. Psychological Bulletin, 136(1), 2138. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/a0017504Google Scholar
Pound, N. (2002). Male interest in visual cues of sperm competition risk. Evolution and Human Behavior, 23(6), 443466. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1090–5138(02)00103-4Google Scholar
Pruett-Jones, S. (1992). Independent versus nonindependent mate choice: Do females copy each other? The American Naturalist, 140(6), 10001009. https://doi.org/10.1086/285452Google Scholar
Puts, D. A. (2010). Beauty and the beast: Mechanisms of sexual selection in humans. Evolution and Human Behavior, 31(3), 157175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2010.02.005Google Scholar
Puts, D. A., Dawood, K., & Welling, L. L. M. (2012). Why women have orgasms: An evolutionary analysis. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 41(5), 11271143. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-012-9967-xGoogle Scholar
Puts, D. A., Welling, L. L., Burriss, R. P., & Dawood, K. (2012). Men’s masculinity and attractiveness predict their female partners’ reported orgasm frequency and timing. Evolution and Human Behavior, 33(1), 19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2011.03.003Google Scholar
Scelza, B. A., Prall, S. P., Swinford, N., Gopalan, S., Atkinson, E., McElreath, R., … & Henn, B. M. (2020). High rate of extra-pair paternity in a human population demonstrates diversity in human reproductive strategies. Science Advances, 6(8), Article eaay6195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aay6195Google Scholar
Schmitt, D. P. (2014). Evaluating evidence of mate preference adaptations: How do we really know what Homo sapiens sapiens really want? In Weekes-Shackelford, V. A. & Shackelford, T. K. (Eds.), Evolutionary perspectives on human sexual psychology and behavior (pp. 342). Cham: Springer International Publishing.Google Scholar
Schmitt, D. P., Alcalay, L., Allik, J., Alves, I. C. B., Anderson, C. A., Angelini, A. L., … & Zupančič, A. (2017). Narcissism and the strategic pursuit of short-term mating: Universal links across 11 world regions of the International Sexuality Description Project-2. Psychological Topics, 26(1), 89137. https://doi.org/10.31820/pt.26.1.5Google Scholar
Schmitt, D. P., & Buss, D. M. (2000). Sexual dimensions of person description: Beyond or subsumed by the Big Five? Journal of Research in Personality, 34(2), 141177. https://doi.org/10.1006/jrpe.1999.2267Google Scholar
Schmitt, D. P., & Buss, D. M. (2001). Human mate poaching: Tactics and temptations for infiltrating existing mateships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80(6), 894917. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.80.6.894Google Scholar
Schmitt, D. P., & International Sexuality Description Project. (2003). Universal sex differences in the desire for sexual variety: Tests from 52 nations, 6 continents, and 13 islands. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85(1), 85104. https://doi.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0022-3514.85.1.85Google Scholar
Schmitt, D. P., & International Sexuality Description Project. (2004). Patterns and universals of mate poaching across 53 nations: The effects of sex, culture, and personality on romantically attracting another person’s partner. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 86(4), 560584. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0022-3514.86.4.560Google Scholar
Schmitt, D. P., & Jonason, P. K. (2015). Attachment and sexual permissiveness: Exploring differential associations across sexes, cultures, and facets of short-term mating. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 46(1), 119133. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0022022114551052Google Scholar
Schmitt, D. P., & Shackelford, T. K. (2003). Nifty ways to leave your lover: The tactics people use to entice and disguise the process of human mate poaching. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29(8), 10181035. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0146167203253471Google Scholar
Schmitt, D. P., & Shackelford, T. K. (2008). Big Five traits related to short-term mating: From personality to promiscuity across 46 nations. Evolutionary Psychology, 6(2), 246282. https://doi.org/10.1177/147470490800600204Google Scholar
Semchenko, A. Y., & Havlíček, J. (2019). Costs and benefits of mate poaching. In Shackelford, T. K. & Weekes-Shackelford, V. A. (Eds.), Encyclopedia of evolutionary psychological science. Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16999-6_1748-1Google Scholar
Shackelford, T. K., Buss, D. M., & Bennett, K. (2002). Forgiveness or breakup: Sex differences in responses to a partner’s infidelity. Cognition & Emotion, 16(2), 299307. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930143000202Google Scholar
Shackelford, T. K., & Goetz, A. T. (2007). Adaptation to sperm competition in humans. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 16(1), 4750. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1111/j.1467-8721.2007.00473.xGoogle Scholar
Shackelford, T. K., LeBlanc, G. J., & Drass, E. (2000). Emotional reactions to infidelity. Cognition & Emotion, 14(5), 643659. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930050117657Google Scholar
Shackelford, T. K., LeBlanc, G. J., Weekes-Shackelford, V. A., Bleske-Rechek, A. L., Euler, H. A., & Hoier, S. (2002). Psychological adaptation to human sperm competition. Evolution and Human Behavior, 23(2), 123138. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-28039-4_13Google Scholar
Shackelford, T. K., Pound, N., & Goetz, A. T. (2005). Psychological and physiological adaptations to sperm competition in humans. Review of General Psychology, 9(3), 228248. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.9.3.228Google Scholar
Shackelford, T. K., Weekes-Shackelford, V. A., LeBlanc, G. J., Bleske, A. L., Euler, H. A., & Hoier, S. (2000). Female coital orgasm and male attractiveness. Human Nature, 11(3), 299306. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12110-000-1015-1Google Scholar
Sigle-Rushton, W., & McLanahan, S. (2006). Father absence and child well-being: A critical review. In Moynihan, D. P., Smeeding, T. M., & Rainwater, L. (Eds.), The future of the family (pp. 116147). New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation.Google Scholar
Simpson, J. A., & Gangestad, S. W. (1991). Individual differences in sociosexuality: Evidence for convergent and discriminant validity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60(6), 870883. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0022-3514.60.6.870Google Scholar
Simpson, J. A., Wilson, C. L., & Winterheld, H. A. (2004). Sociosexuality and romantic relationships. In Harvey, J. H., Wenzel, A., & Sprecher, S. (Eds.), Handbook of sexuality in close relationships (pp. 87111). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Google Scholar
Smith, R. L. (1984). Human sperm competition. In Smith, R. L. (Ed.), Sperm competition and the evolution of animal mating systems (pp. 601660). New York, NY: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Starratt, V. G., Goetz, A. T., Shackelford, T. K., McKibbin, W. F., & Stewart-Williams, S. (2008). Men’s partner-directed insults and sexual coercion in intimate relationships. Journal of Family Violence, 23(5), 315323. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-008-9153-zGoogle Scholar
Sunderani, S., Arnocky, S., & Vaillancourt, T. (2013). Individual differences in mate poaching: An examination of hormonal, dispositional, and behavioral mate-value traits. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 42(4), 533542. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-012-9974-yGoogle Scholar
Symons, D. (1979). The evolution of human sexuality. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Tafoya, M. A., & Spitzberg, B. H. (2007). The dark side of infidelity: Its nature, prevalence, and communicative functions. In Spitzberg, B. H. & Cupach, W. R. (Eds.), The dark side of interpersonal communication (pp. 201242). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Google Scholar
Thompson, A. P. (1983). Extramarital sex: A review of the research literature. Journal of Sex Research, 19(1), 122. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224498309551166Google Scholar
Thornhill, R., & Gangestad, S. W. (2008). The evolutionary biology of human female sexuality. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Thornhill, R., Gangestad, S. W., & Comer, R. (1995). Human female orgasm and mate fluctuating asymmetry. Animal Behaviour, 50(6), 16011615. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-3472(95)80014-XGoogle Scholar
Træen, B., & Martinussen, M. (2008). Extradyadic activity in a random sample of Norwegian couples. Journal of Sex Research, 45(4), 319328. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224490802398324Google Scholar
Trivers, R. (1972). Parental investment and sexual selection. In Campbell, B. (Ed.), Sexual selection and the descent of man, 1871–1971 (pp. 136179). Chicago, IL: Aldine-Atherton.Google Scholar
Vakiritzis, A., & Roberts, S. C. (2012). Do women really like taken men? Results from a large questionnaire study. Journal of Social, Evolutionary, and Cultural Psychology, 6(1), 5065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0099225Google Scholar
Waynforth, D. (2007). Mate choice copying in humans. Human Nature, 18(3), 264271. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12110-007-9004-2Google Scholar
Welling, L. M., & Puts, D. (2014). Female adaptations to ovulation. In Weekes-Shackelford, V. A. & Shackelford, T. K. (Eds.), Evolutionary perspectives on human sexual psychology and behavior (pp. 243260). New York, NY: Springer.Google Scholar
Williams, K. M., Spidel, A., & Paulhus, D. L. (2005, July). Sex, lies, and more lies: Exploring the intimate relationships of subclinical psychopaths. Poster presented at the 1st conference of the Society for the Scientific Study of Psychopathy, Vancouver, BC, Canada.Google Scholar
Wilson, M., & Daly, M. (1992). The man who mistook his wife for a chattel. In Barkow, J. H., Cosmides, L., & Tooby, J. (Eds.), The adapted mind (pp. 289322). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Wilson, M. I., & Daly, M. (1996). Male sexual proprietariness and violence against wives. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 5(1), 27. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8721.ep10772668Google Scholar
Wilson, M., Daly, M., & Weghorst, S. J. (1980). Household composition and the risk of child abuse and neglect. Journal of Biosocial Science, 12(3), 333340. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000012876Google Scholar
Wood, W., & Eagly, A. H. (2002). A cross-cultural analysis of the behavior of men and women: Implications for the origins of sex differences. Psychological Bulletin, 128(5), 699727. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.128.5.699Google Scholar
Zhuang, J-Y., Ji, X., Zhao, Z., Fan, M., & Li, N. P. (2017). The neural basis of human female mate copying: An empathy-based social learning process. Evolution and Human Behavior, 38(6), 779788. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2017.05.006Google Scholar
Zvoch, K. (1999). Family type and investment in education: A comparison of genetic and stepparent families. Evolution and Human Behavior, 20(6), 453464. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1090–5138(99)00024-0Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure no-reply@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

  • Precopulatory Adaptations
  • Edited by Todd K. Shackelford, Oakland University, Michigan
  • Book: The Cambridge Handbook of Evolutionary Perspectives on Sexual Psychology
  • Online publication: 30 June 2022
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108943567.002
Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

  • Precopulatory Adaptations
  • Edited by Todd K. Shackelford, Oakland University, Michigan
  • Book: The Cambridge Handbook of Evolutionary Perspectives on Sexual Psychology
  • Online publication: 30 June 2022
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108943567.002
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • Precopulatory Adaptations
  • Edited by Todd K. Shackelford, Oakland University, Michigan
  • Book: The Cambridge Handbook of Evolutionary Perspectives on Sexual Psychology
  • Online publication: 30 June 2022
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108943567.002
Available formats
×