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31 - Christianity

from PART II - THE HELLENISTIC AND ROMAN WORLDS

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 March 2008

By
Frances Young
Edited by
Christopher Rowe  and
Malcolm Schofield
With
Simon Harrison  and
Melissa Lane
Frances Young
Affiliation:
University of Birmingham
Christopher Rowe
Affiliation:
University of Durham
Malcolm Schofield
Affiliation:
University of Cambridge
Simon Harrison
Affiliation:
St John's College, Cambridge
Melissa Lane
Affiliation:
University of Cambridge
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Summary

A political movement?

In Acts 11.26 we are told that it was in Antioch that the disciples were first called Christianoi. It appears to have been a nickname given by others rather than the name chosen by those thus designated. The term occurs only three times in the New Testament. The form of this nickname, with its -anos ending, is Latinate, and words in Latin with this ending normally refer to members of a political faction, followers of a leader seeking power. So Acts implies that while the early Christians saw themselves as the pupils of a teacher (mathētai), they were perceived by outsiders as politically motivated.

This coheres with the Gospel evidence that Jesus was put to death on the ground that he claimed to be king of the Jews, and with indications in later material that the family of Jesus was caught up in endeavours to eliminate potential Messianic claimants. The fact that the Roman government faced two Jewish revolts in the first and early second centuries makes it likely that people claiming descent from King David would be suspect. It would appear that Jewish Christians made exactly this claim for Jesus and his family. Eusebius (Hist.Eccl. 111.12) reports Hegesippus as recording that ‘after the capture of Jerusalem Vespasian issued an order that, to ensure that no member of the royal house should be left among the Jews, all descendants of David should be ferreted out’

Type
Chapter
Information
The Cambridge History of Greek and Roman Political Thought , pp. 635 - 660
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2000

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