Religion and Society

Part IV - Religion and Society

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 13 April 2021

Edited by

Hamit Bozarslan ,

Cengiz Gunes and

Veli Yadirgi

Show author details

Hamit Bozarslan: Affiliation:
Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales, Paris
Cengiz Gunes: Affiliation:
The Open University, Milton Keynes
Veli Yadirgi: Affiliation:
School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London

Book contents

Get access

Summary

A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'

Type: Chapter
Information: The Cambridge History of the Kurds , pp. 475 - 600

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108623711 [Opens in a new window]

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Print publication year: 2021

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bibliography

Abdulhemîd, F. (2016). Gatakan. Nawendî Zerdeshtiyanî Kurdistan.Google Scholar

Ateş, S. (2014). In the name of the caliph and the nation: The Sheikh Ubeidullah Rebellion of 1880–81. Iranian Studies, 47 (5), 735–98.Google Scholar

al-ʿAzami, B. (2002). The Muslim Brotherhood: Genesis and development. In Abdul-Jabar, F. (ed.), Ayatollahs, Sufis and Ideologues: State, Religion and Social Movements in Iraq (pp. 162–76). London: Saqi Books.Google Scholar

Bayly, C. A. (2004). The Birth of the Modern World, 1780–1914: Global Connections and Comparisons. Malden, MA: Blackwell.Google Scholar

al-Bouti, M. S. R. (1982 [1957]). Mamû zayn. Damascus: Dâr al-Fikr.Google Scholar

al-Bouti, M. S. R. (1998). Hâdha wâlidî [This is my father]. Damascus: Dâr al-Fikr.Google Scholar

al-Bouti, M. S. R. (2009 [1990]). al-Lā maḏhabiyya: aḵṭar bidʿa tuhaddidu al-šarīʿa al-islāmiyya [Salafism: The biggest heresy threatening the Islamic Sharia]. Damascus: Dār al-Fārābī li-l-Maʿārif.Google Scholar

Christmann, A. (1998). Islamic scholar and religious leader: A portrait of Shaykh Muhammad Saʿid Ramadan al-Būti. Islam and Christian–Muslim Relations, 9, 149–69.CrossRef Google Scholar

Dankoff, R. (1990). Evliya Çelebi in Bitlis: The Relevant Section of the Seyahatname. Leiden: Brill.CrossRef Google Scholar

Dankoff, R. et al. (eds) (2011). Evliya Çelebi seyahatnamesi. Istanbul: Yapı Kredi Yayınları.Google Scholar

Deringil, S. (1999). The Well-Protected Domains: Ideology and the Legitimation of Power in the Ottoman Empire 1876–1909. London: I.B. Tauris.Google Scholar

Dost, J. (ed.) (2010). Mela Mehmûdê Bayezîdî, Adat û rusûmatnameê ekradiyye. Istanbul: Nûbihar.Google Scholar

Dressler, M. (2015). Turkish politics of doxa: Othering the Alevis as heterodox. Philosophy & Social Criticism, 41, 445–51.Google Scholar

Genç, V. (2019). Rethinking Idris-i Bidlisi: An Iranian bureaucrat and historian between the shah and the sultan. Iranian Studies, 52, 425–47.Google Scholar

Guest, J. S. (1987). The Yezidis: A Study in Survival. London: KPI.Google Scholar

Helfont, S. (2018). Compulsion in Religion: Saddam Hussein, Islam, and the Roots of Insurgencies in Iraq. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Ibn Taymiyya, (1906). al-Risâla al-ʿadawiyya. In Majmuʿat al-rasâʾil al-kubrâ (pp. 262–317). Cairo.Google Scholar

Jaba, A. (1860). Recueil de notices et récits kourdes réunis et trad. en franc. St. Petersburg: Académie Impériale des Sciences.Google Scholar

Jaubert, P.-A. (1821). Voyage en Arménie et en Perse fait dans les années 1805 et 1806. Paris: Pélicier.Google Scholar

Karîm, M. M. (1981). Aqîday kurdiy Mawlânâ Khâlidî Naqshbandî. Govârî korî zanyârî ‘îrâq-dastay kurde, 8, 199–222.Google Scholar

Kepel, G. (2000). Jihad: Expansion et déclin de l’islamisme. Paris: Seuil.Google Scholar

Krekar, M. (2004) Med egne ord [In my own words]. Oslo: Aschehoug.Google Scholar

Kreyenbroek, P. G. (1995). Yezidism: Its Background, Observances and Textual Tradition. Lewiston, NY: The Edwin Mellen Press.Google Scholar

Kurt, M. (2017). Kurdish Hizbullah in Turkey: Islamism, Violence, and the State. London: Pluto Press.Google Scholar

Leezenberg, M. (1997). Between assimilation and deportation: History of the Shabak and the Kakais in northern Iraq. In Kellner-Heinkele, B. and Kehl-Bodrogi, K. (eds), Syncretistic Religious Communities in the Near East (pp. 155–74). Leiden: Brill.Google Scholar

Leezenberg, M. (2007). Political Islam among the Kurds. In Abdul-Jabar, F. and Dawod, H. (eds), The Kurds: Nationalism and Politics (pp. 203–27). London: Saqi Books.Google Scholar

Leezenberg, M. (2014). Elî Teremaxî and the vernacularization of madrasa learning in Kurdistan. Iranian Studies, 47 (5), 713–33.Google Scholar

Leezenberg, M. (2016). The vernacular revolution: Reclaiming early modern grammatical traditions in the Ottoman Empire. History of the Humanities, 1 (2), 251–75.Google Scholar

Leezenberg, M. (2017). Religion in Kurdistan: Between Naqshbandi Sufism and IS Salafism. In Stansfield, G. and Shareef, M. (eds), The Kurdish Question Revisited (pp. 33–45). London: Hurst.Google Scholar

Leezenberg, M. (2019). Orthodoxy and heterodoxy in Kurdistan. Wiener Jahrbuch für kurdische Studien, 7, 47–62.Google Scholar

Leezenberg, M. (2020). Between Islamic learning and philological nationalism: Mela Mahmûdê Bayazîdî’s auto-ethnography of the Kurds. Die Welt des Islams 60: 433–472.Google Scholar

Lescot, R. (1938). Enquête sur les Yezidis de Syrie et du Djebel Sindjār. Beirut: Institut Français de Damas.Google Scholar

Malmîsanij, M. (2007). The Past and the Present of Book Publishing in Kurdish Language in Turkey and Syria. Istanbul: Vate Yayınları.Google Scholar

Mardin, S. (1989). Religion and Social Change in Turkey: The Case of Bediüzzaman Said Nursi. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.Google Scholar

Massicard, E. (2013). The Alevis in Turkey and Europe: Identity and Managing Territorial Diversity. London: Routledge.Google Scholar

Murad, N. (2017). The Last Girl: My Story of Captivity, and My Fight against the Islamic State. London: Virago.Google Scholar

Najmabadi, A. (2005). Women with Mustaches and Men without Beards: Gender and Sexual Anxieties of Iranian Modernity. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar

Nakash, Y (1994). The Shiʿis of Iraq. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Newayî, M. (ed.) (2018). Mela Eliyê Teremaxî, Tesrîfa Teremaxî: Yekemîn Gramera Kurdiya Kurmancî. Istanbul: Nûbihar.Google Scholar

Nûrî Pasha, M. (1911 [1905]). Die Teufelsanbeter (‘Abede-i-iblîs), oder, Ein Blick auf die wiederspenstige Sekte der Jeziden. In Grothe, H. (ed.), Meine Vorderasienexpedition 1906 u. 1907, band I (pp. CXXVII–CLXXXXIII). Leipzig: Hiersemann.Google Scholar

Omarkhali, K. (ed.) (2014). Religious Minorities in Kurdistan: Beyond the Mainstream. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag.Google Scholar

Robinson, F. (1997). Ottomans, Safavids, Mughals: Shared knowledge and connected systems. Journal of Islamic Studies, 8, 151–84.Google Scholar

El-Rouayheb, K. (2015). Islamic Intellectual History in the Seventeenth Century: Scholarly Currents in the Ottoman Empire and the Maghreb. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Roy, O. (1986). Islam and Resistance in Afghanistan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Schmidinger, T. (2019). ‘Die Welt hat uns vergessen’: Der Genozid des ‘Islamischen Staates’ an den JesidInnen und die Folgen. Vienna: Mandelbaum.Google Scholar

Sevdeen, B. M. and Schmidinger, T. (eds) (2019), Beyond ISIS: History and Future of Minorities in Iraq. London: Transnational Press.Google Scholar

Sönmez, E. (2012). Idris-i Bidlisi: Ottoman Kurdistan and Islamic Legitimacy. Istanbul: Libra.Google Scholar

Subrahmanyam, S. (1997). Connected histories: Notes towards a reconfiguration of early modern Eurasia. Modern Asian Studies, 31, 735–62.CrossRef Google Scholar

Szanto, E. (2018). “Zoroaster was a Kurd!” Neo-Zoroastrianism among the Iraqi Kurds. Iran and the Caucasus, 22 (1), 96–110.Google Scholar

van Bruinessen, M. (1992). Agha, Shaikh and State: The Social and Political Structures of Kurdistan. London: Zed Books.Google Scholar

van Bruinessen, M. (2000). Mullas, Sufis and Heretics: The Role of Religion in Kurdish Society: Collected Articles. Istanbul: Isis Press.Google Scholar

van Bruinessen, M. and Boeschoten, H. (eds) (1988). Evliya Çelebi in Diyarbekir. Leiden: Brill.Google Scholar

Weismann, I. (1993). Saʿid Hawwa: The making of a radical Muslim thinker in modern Syria. Middle Eastern Studies, 29 (4), 604–5.Google Scholar

Yavuz, M. H. (2003). Islamic Political Identity in Turkey. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Zinar, Z. (1993). Xwendina medresê. Stockholm: Pencînar.Google Scholar

Bibliography

Ahmad, F. (1988). Islamic reassertion in Turkey. Third World Quarterly, 10 (2), 750–69.Google Scholar

Anter, M. (2011). Hatıralarım. Istanbul: Aram Yayınları.Google Scholar

Aras, R. (2018), Naqshbandi Sufis and their conception of place, time and fear on the Turkish–Syrian border and borderland. Middle Eastern Studies, https://doi.org/10.1080/00263206.2018.1508456.Google Scholar

Aslan, S. (2011). Everyday forms of state power and the Kurds in the early Turkish republic. International Journal of Middle East Studies, 43 (1), 75–93.Google Scholar

Atacan, F. (2001). A Kurdish Islamist group in modern Turkey: Shifting identities. Middle Eastern Studies, 37 (3), 111–44.Google Scholar

Azak, U. (2010). Islam and Secularism in Turkey: Kemalism, Religion and the Nation State. London: I.B. Tauris.Google Scholar

Bagasi, I. (n.d.). Kendi Dilinden Hizbullah ve Mücadele Tarihinden Kesitler.Google Scholar

Barkey, H. and Fuller, G. (1997). Turkey’s Kurdish question: Critical turning points and missed opportunities. Middle East Journal, 51 (1), 59–79.Google Scholar

Bayrak, M. (1999). Kürt Sorunu ve Demokratik Çözüm. Wuppertal: Öz-Ge Yayınları.Google Scholar

Bayrak, M. (2010). Dersim – Koçgiri: Te’dib, Tenkil, Taqtil, Tehcir, Temsil, Temdin, Tasfiye. Ankara: Öz-Ge Yayınları.Google Scholar

Bayrak, M. (2014). Kürtler ve Ulusal-Demokratik Mücadeleleri: Gizli Belgeler, Araştırmalar, Notlar, Ankara: Öz-Ge YayınlarıGoogle Scholar

Bedirxan, C. A. (2010). Bir Kürt Aydınından Mustafa Kemal’e Mektup. Istanbul: Doz Yayınları.Google Scholar

Bedirxan, C. A. (2014). Gazinda Xencera Min. Istanbul: Avesta Yayınları.Google Scholar

Bedirxan, C. A. and Lescot, R. (2009). Kürtçe Gramer. Istanbul: Avesta Yayınları.Google Scholar

Bozarslan, H. (2008). Kurds and the Turkish state. In Kasaba, R. (ed.), The Cambridge History of Turkey (Vol. 4, pp. 333–56). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Çiçek, H. (2009). Şark Medreselerinin Serencamı. Istanbul: Beyan Yayınları.Google Scholar

Çiçek, C. (2013). The pro-Islamic challenge for the Kurdish movement. Dialectical Anthropology, 37 (1), 159–63.Google Scholar

Çiçek, C. (2017). The Kurds of Turkey: National, Religious and Economic Identities. London: I.B. Tauris.CrossRef Google Scholar

Global Security (1999). ‘Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD)’. www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/library/news/iraq/1999/5–050299.html.Google Scholar

Goner, O. (2017). Turkish National Identity and Its Outsiders: Memories of State Violence in Dersim. London: Routledge.Google Scholar

Houston, C. (2001). Islam, Kurds and the Turkish Nation State. Oxford: Berg.Google Scholar

Houston, C. (2019). The inadequate Islamic grappling with the Kurdish issue. In Gunter, M. M. (ed.), Routledge Handbook on the Kurds (pp. 169–77). New York: Routledge.Google Scholar

Karpat, K. (1972). Political developments in Turkey, 1950–70. Middle Eastern Studies, 8 (3), 349–75.Google Scholar

Kieser, H. L. (2011), ‘Dersim massacre, 1937–1938’. Online Encyclopedia of Mass Violence. www.sciencespo.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/en/document/dersim-massacre-1937–1938.Google Scholar

Kumbuzoğlu, M. A. (2016). Şark İstiklal Mahkemesi Kararlar ve Mahkeme Zabıtları. Vols 2–5. Ankara: TBMM Basımevi.Google Scholar

Kurt, M. (2017). Kurdish Hizbullah in Turkey: Islamism, Violence and the State. London: Pluto Press.Google Scholar

Kurt, M. (2019a). ‘My Muslim Kurdish brother’: Colonial rule and Islamist governmentality in the Kurdish region of Turkey. The Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies, 21 (3), 350–65.Google Scholar

Kurt, M. (2019b). A conversion to civil society? The incomplete reconfiguration of the Hizbullah movement in Turkey. The Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies, 22 (6), 762–76.Google Scholar

Mardin, Ş. (1973). Center–periphery relations: A key to Turkish politics? Daedalus, 102 (1), 169–90.Google Scholar

Massicard, E. (2009). ‘The repression of the Koçgiri Rebellion, 1920–1921’. Violence de masse et Résistance – Réseau de recherche. www.sciencespo.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/fr/document/repression-koa-giri-rebellion-1920–1921.Google Scholar

McDowall, D. (1996). A Modern History of the Kurds. London: I.B. Tauris.Google Scholar

M. N. Yekta (2011). ‘Kurdistan Islam Partisi Tüzüğü’. https://web.archive.org/web/20110714104816/http://www.mnyekta.com/modules.php?name=Content&pa=showpage&pid=1040.Google Scholar

Olson, R. (1989). The Emergence of Kurdish Nationalism and the Sheikh Said Rebellion, 1880–1925. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.Google Scholar

Olson, R. (2000). The Kurdish rebellions of Sheikh Said (1925), Mt. Ararat (1930), and Dersim (1937–8): Their impact on the development of the Turkish Air Force and on Kurdish and Turkish nationalism. Die Welt des Islams, 40 (1), 67–94.CrossRef Google Scholar

Özoğlu, H. (2001). “Nationalism” and Kurdish notables in the late Ottoman–early republican era. International Journal of Middle East Studies, 33 (3), 383–405.Google Scholar

Reed, H. A. (1954). Revival of Islam in secular Turkey. Middle East Journal, 8 (3), 267–82.Google Scholar

Reş, K. (1997). Celadet Bedirxan: Jiyan û Ramanên wî. Stockholm: Weşanên Jîna Nû.Google Scholar

Sakallio, ğlu, U. C. (1996). Parameters and strategies of Islam–state interaction in republican Turkey. International Journal of Middle East Studies, 28 (2), 231–51.Google Scholar

Salt, J. (1995). Nationalism and the rise of Muslim sentiment in Turkey. Middle Eastern Studies, 31 (1), 13–27.Google Scholar

Sarıgil, Z. (2018). Ethnic Boundaries in Turkish Politics: The Secular Kurdish Movement and Islam. New York: New York University Press.Google Scholar

Soleimani, K. (2016). Islam and Competing Nationalisms in the Middle East, 1876–1926. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar

Tan, A. (2011). Turabidin’den Berriye’ye Aşiretler, Dinler, Diller, Kültürler. Istanbul: Nubihar Yayınları.Google Scholar

Tuğal, C. (2009). Passive Revolution: Absorbing the Islamic Challenge to Capitalism. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar

Türkmen, H. (2013). ‘Seyyid Kutup ve İslamcılık Karalamaları – Saptırmaları’. www.haksozhaber.net/seyyid-kutup-ve-islamcilik-karalamalari-saptirmalari-26963yy.htm.Google Scholar

Türkmen, G. (2018). Negotiating symbolic boundaries in conflict resolution: Religion and ethnicity in Turkey’s Kurdish conflict. Qualitative Sociology, 41 (4), 569–91.Google Scholar

Uçar, F. (2016). Demokrat Parti Döneminde Kürt Sorunu: Gelişimi ve Etkileri. International Journal of Social Science, 43 (1), 175–200.Google Scholar

van Bruinessen, M. (1992). Agha, Shaikh and State: The Social and Political Structures of Kurdistan. London: Zed Books.Google Scholar

van Bruinessen, M. (2000). Mullas, Sufis and Heretics: The Role of Religion in Kurdish Society: Collected Articles. Istanbul: Isis Press.Google Scholar

van Bruinessen, M. (2016). Erken 21. Yüzyılda Kürt Kimlikleri ve Kürt Milliyetçilikleri. In Oztoprak, E. and Kaya, A. C. (eds.), 21. Yüzyılda Milliyetçilik. Istanbul: İletişim Yayınları.Google Scholar

White, J. B. (2002). Islamist Mobilization in Turkey: A Study in Vernacular Politics. Washington, DC: University of Washington Press.Google Scholar

White, J. (2013). Muslim Nationalism and the New Turks. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Yadırgı, V. (2017). The Political Economy of the Kurds in Turkey: From the Ottoman Empire to the Turkish Republic. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Yalman, A. E. (1990). Yarının Türkiye’sine Seyahat. Istanbul: Cem Yayınevi.Google Scholar

Yavuz, M. H. (2003). Islamic Political Identity in Turkey. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Yeğen, M. (1999). The Kurdish question in Turkish state discourse. Journal of Contemporary History, 34 (4), 555–68.Google Scholar

Yeni Șafak (2016). ‘Polis üç teröristi vurmadan Enfal Suresini okuyor’. www.yenisafak.com/video-galeri/haber/polis-uc-teroristi-vurmadan-enfal-suresini-okuyor-2075010.Google Scholar

Yıldırım, K. (2018). Kürt Medreseleri ve Alimleri. 3. Vols. Istanbul: Avesta Yayınları.Google Scholar

Yılmaz, M. H., Tutar, C. and Varol, M. (2011). Hizbullah Ana Davası: Savunmalar. Istanbul: Dua Yayıncılık.Google Scholar

Yüksel, M. (2009). A “revolutionary” Kurdish mullah from Turkey: Mehmed Emin Bozarslan and his intellectual evolution. The Muslim World, 99 (2), 356–80.Google Scholar

Zaza, N. (2000). Bir Kürt Olarak Yaşamım. Istanbul: Peri Yayınları.Google Scholar

Bibliography

Ackermann, A. (2004). A double minority: Notes on the emerging Yezidi Diaspora. In Kokot, W., Tölölyan, K. and Alfonso, C. (eds), Diaspora, Identity and Religion: New Directions in Theory and Research (pp. 156–69). London and New York: Routledge.Google Scholar

Allison, C. (2009). Representations of Yezidism and Zoroastrianism in the Kurdish newspapers Hawar and Roja Nû. In Allison, C., Joisten-Pruschke, A. and Wendtland, A. (eds), From Daēnā to Dīn: Religion, Kultur und Sprache in der iranischen Welt (pp. 285–91). Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.Google Scholar

Benanave, M. (2015). ‘Finding paradise in Turkish Munzur valley’. The New York Times, 26 July.Google Scholar

Bianet (2018). ‘Forest fire in Dersim taken under control’. http://bianet.org/english/environment/200175-forest-fire-in-dersim-taken-under-control.Google Scholar

Bittner, M. (1913). Die heiligen Bücher der Jeziden oder Teufelsanbeter: Kurdisch und Arabisch. Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Phil.-Hist. Klasse 55. Band LV. Wien: Alfred Hölder Verlag.Google Scholar

Bumke, P. J. (1979). Kizilbaş-Kurden in Dersim (Tunceli, Türkei): Marginalität und Häresie. Anthropos, 74, 530–48.Google Scholar

Celīl, O. und Celīl, C. (1978a). Zargotina Kurda [Kurdish Folklore]. Moscow: Nauka Publishers.Google Scholar

Celīl, O. und Celīl, C. (1978b). Zargotina Kurda [Kurdish Folklore]. Yerevan.Google Scholar

CHRI (Center for Human Rights in Iran) (2016). ‘Religious minority in Iran asks Khamenei for constitutional protection’. www.iranhumanrights.org/2016/06/yarsan/.Google Scholar

Clarion Project (2016). ‘ISIS targets isolated Kaka’i religious minority in Iraq’. https://clarionproject.org/isis-targets-isolated-kakai-religious-minority-iraq-9/.Google Scholar

Ekurd Daily (2016). ‘Iraq’s Kakai Kurds are not Muslims: Representative’. https://ekurd.net/iraq-kakai-kurds-not-muslims-2016–02-11.Google Scholar

Farooq, O. (2014). ‘Turkey’s Alevis beholden to politics’. Al Jazeera. www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2014/12/turkey-alevis-beholden-politics-201412168438512717.html?xif=.Google Scholar

Frayha, A. (1946). New Yezīdī texts from Beled Sinjār, ʿIraq. JAOS, 66 (1), 18–43.Google Scholar

Geranpayeh, B. (2007). Yārıstān – die Freunde der Wahrheit: Religion und Texte einer vorderasiatischen Glaubensgemeinschaft. Unpublished PhD thesis, Georg August University of Göttingen. http://webdoc.sub.gwdg.de/diss/2007/geranpayeh/.Google Scholar

Guest, J. S. (1993). Survival among the Kurds: A History of the Yezidis. 2nd ed. London and New York: Kegan Paul International.Google Scholar

Halm, H. (2001). Ḡolāt. In Encyclopaedia Iranica, XI (1), 62–64.Google Scholar

Hecī, B. F. (2002). Bawerī ū Mītologiya Ēzidīyan. Çendeha Tēkist û Vekolīn [Belief and Mythology of Yezidis: Some Texts with Commentary]. Duhok: Hawar.Google Scholar

Hosseini, S. B. (2015). Religious transnationalism of the Yārsāni community in Sweden. Journal of the Sociology and Theory of Religion, 1, 2–15.Google Scholar

Institute for International Law and Human Rights (2013). ‘Iraq’s minorities and other vulnerable groups: Legal framework, documentation and human rights’. Baghdad, Iraq.Google Scholar

Iraqi News (2014). ‘Shabak community forms military force of 1500 fighters to fight ISIS in Nineveh’. www.iraqinews.com/baghdad-politics/shabak-community-forms-military-force-of-1–00-fighters-to-fight-isil-in-nineveh/.Google Scholar

Joseph, I. (1919). Devil Worship: The Sacred Books and Traditions of the Yezidiz. Boston: Badger.Google Scholar

Joshua Project (2019). ‘Yazidi’. https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/20455.Google Scholar

Kreyenbroek, P. G. (1992). Mithra and Ahreman, Binyamin and Malak Tāwūs: Traces of an ancient myth in the cosmogonies of two modern sects. In Gignou, P. (ed.), Recurrent Patterns in Iranian Religions: From Mazdaism to Sufism (pp. 57–79). Paris: Association pour l’Avancement des Études Iraniennes.Google Scholar

Kreyenbroek, P. G. (1995). Yezidism: Its Background, Observances and Textual Tradition. Lewiston, NY: The Edwin Mellen Press.Google Scholar

Kreyenbroek, P. G. (2008). History in an oral culture: The construction of history in Yezidi sacred texts. The Journal of Kurdish Studies, 6, 84–92.Google Scholar

Kreyenbroek, P. G. (2009). Yezidism in Europe: Different Generations Speak about Their Religion. In collab. with Kartal, Z., Omarkhali, K. and Jindy Rashow, K.. Göttinger Orientforschungen, III. Iranica 5. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.Google Scholar

Kreyenbroek, P. G. (2014). The Yāresān of Kurdistan. In Omarkhali, K. (ed.), Religious Minorities in Kurdistan: Beyond the Mainstream (pp. 3–11). Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.Google Scholar

Kreyenbroek, P. G. (2017). Some remarks on the early history of the Ahl-e Ḥaqq. In Raei, S. (ed.), Islamic Alternatives: Non-mainstream Religion in Persianate Societies (pp. 55–64). Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.Google Scholar

Kreyenbroek, P. G. and Allison, C. (eds) (1996). Kurdish Culture and Identity. London and New Jersey: Zed Books.Google Scholar

Kreyenbroek, P. G. and Chaman-Ara, B. (2013). Literary Gurani: Koinè or Continuum? In Bozarslan, H. and Scalbert-Yücel, C. (eds), Joyce Blau, l’éternelle chez les Kurdes (pp. 151–68). Paris: Copymedia.Google Scholar

Kreyenbroek, P. G. and Omarkhali, K. (2016). Introduction to special issue. Special issue: Yezidism and Yezidi studies in the early 21st century. Omarkhali, K. and Kreyenbroek, P. (eds). Kurdish Studies, 4 (2), 122–30.Google Scholar

Kreyenbroek, P. G. and Rashow, K. J. (2005). God and Sheikh Adi Are Perfect: Sacred Poems and Religious Narratives from the Yezidi Tradition. Iranica 9. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.Google Scholar

Leezenberg, M. (1994). The Shabak and the Kakais: Dynamics of ethnicity in Iraqi Kurdistan. In de Jongh, D. (ed.), ILLC Research Reports and Technical Notes Series. www.illc.uva.nl/Research/Publications/Reports/X-1994–07.text.pdf.Google Scholar

Leezenberg, M. (2014). The end of heterodoxy? The Shabak in post-Saddam Iraq. In Omarkhali, K. (ed.), Religious Minorities in Kurdistan: Beyond the Mainstream (pp. 247–67). Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.Google Scholar

MacKenzie, D. N. (1961). The origins of Kurdish. Transactions of the Philological Society, 68–86.Google Scholar

Maisel, S. (2016). Yezidis in Syria: Identity Building among a Double Minority. Lanham, MD: Lexington.Google Scholar

Membrado, M. (2008). Jeyḥunābādi. In Encyclopædia Iranica, XIV (6), 641–3.Google Scholar

Mingana, A. (1916). Devil-worshippers: Their beliefs and their sacred books. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 505–26.Google Scholar

Mir-Hosseini, Z. (1996). Faith, ritual and culture among the Ahl-e Haqq. In Kreyenbroek, P. and Allison, C. (eds), Kurdish Culture and Identity (pp. 111–34). London and New Jersey: Zed Books.Google Scholar

Mokri, M. (1963). Etude d’un titre de propriété du début du XVIe siècle provenant du Kurdistan. Journal Asiatique, 251, 229–56.Google Scholar

Omarkhali, K. (2014). Religious Minorities in Kurdistan: Beyond the Mainstream. Studies in Oriental Religions 68. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.Google Scholar

Omarkhali, K. (2016). Transformations in the Yezidi tradition after the ISIS attacks: An interview with Ilhan Kizilhan. Special issue: Yezidism and Yezidi studies in the early 21st century. Omarkhali, K. and Kreyenbroek, P. (eds). Kurdish Studies, 4 (2), 148–54.Google Scholar

Omarkhali, K. (2017). The Yezidi Religious Textual Tradition: From Oral to Written: Categories, Transmission, Scripturalisation and Canonisation of the Yezidi Oral Religious Texts. Studies in Oriental Religions 72. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.Google Scholar

Omarkhali, K. and Kreyenbroek, P. (eds) (2016). Kurdish Studies, 4 (2). Special issue: Yezidism and Yezidi studies in the early 21st century.Google Scholar

Omarkhali, K. and Rezania, K. (2009). Some reflections on the concepts of time in Yezidism. In Allison, C., Joisten-Pruschke, A. and Wendtland, A. (eds), From Dāena to Dīn: Religion, Kultur und Sprache in der iranischen Welt (pp. 331–46). Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.Google Scholar

Reşo, X. C. [Rashow, Khalil Jindy] (2004). Pern ji Edebē Dīnē Ēzdiyan [A Part of Yezidi Religious Literature]. Vols I–II. Duhok: Spīrēz.Google Scholar

Rudaw (2016). ‘Head of Zoroastrian temple says people are returning to their roots’. www.rudaw.net/english/kurdistan/310120162.Google Scholar

Salih, M. A. (2016). ‘Iraq: Kurds increase pressure on ISIL near Mosul’. Al Jazeera, 2 June. www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/05/iraq-kurds-increase-pressure-isil-mosul-160531124443481.html.Google Scholar

Salih, M. A. and van Wilgenburg, V. (2015). ‘Iraq’s Kakais: “We want to protect our culture”’. Al Jazeera, 11 February. www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/02/iraq-kakais-protect-culture-150209064856695.html.Google Scholar

Selmanpakoğlu, C. (2006). The formation of Alevi syncretism. Unpublished MA thesis, Bilkent University.Google Scholar

Silēman, X. and Cindī, X. (1979). Ēzdiyatī: liber Roşnaya Hindek Tēkstēd Aīniyī Ēzdiyan [Yezidism: In the Light of Some Religious Texts of the Yezidis]. Baghdad: Korī Zanyarī Kurd.Google Scholar

Sökefeld, M. (2004). Religion or culture? Concepts of identity in the Alevi diaspora. In Kokot, W., Tölölyan, K. and Alfonso, C. (eds), Diaspora, Identity and Religion: New Directions in Theory and Research (pp. 133–55). London: Routledge.Google Scholar

Spät, E. (2018). Yezidi identity politics and political ambitions in the wake of the ISIS attack. Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies, 20 (5), 420–38.Google Scholar

Szanto, E. (2018). “Zoroaster was a Kurd”: Neo-Zoroastrianism among the Iraqi Kurds. Iran and the Caucasus, 22, 96–110.Google Scholar

Tucker, W. F. (2008). Mahdis and Millenarians: Shīʿite Extremists in Early Muslim Iraq. New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRef Google Scholar

UN News (2016). ‘UN human rights panel concludes ISIL is committing genocide against Yazidis’. https://news.un.org/en/story/2016/06/532312-un-human-rights-panel-concludes-isil-committing-genocide-against-yazidis.Google Scholar

van Bruinessen, M. (1997). “Aslını inkar eden haramzadedir!”: The debate on the ethnic identity of the Kurdish Alevis. In Kehl-Bodrogi, K., Kellner-Heinkele, B. and Otter-Beaujean, A. (eds), Syncretistic Religious Communities in the Near East (pp. 1–23). Leiden: Brill.Google Scholar

van Bruinessen, M. (2014). Veneration of Satan among the Ahl-e Haqq of the Gūrān region. Fritillaria Kurdica: Bulletin of Kurdish Studies, 3 (4), 6–41.Google Scholar

van Bruinessen, M. (2016). Editorial preface. Special issue: Yezidism and Yezidi studies in the early 21st century. Omarkhali, K. and Kreyenbroek, P. (eds). Kurdish Studies, 4 (2), 119–21.Google Scholar

van Bruinessen, M. (2017). Between Dersim and Dālāhu: Reflections on Kurdish Alevism and the Ahl-e Ḥaqq religion. In Raei, S. (ed.), Islamic Alternatives: Non-mainstream Religion in Persianate Societies (pp. 65–93). Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.Google Scholar

Bibliography

Ağuiçenoğlu, H. (2013). Ethnisierung des Alevitentums. In Langer, R., Ağuiçenoğlu, H., Karolewski, J. and Motika, R. (eds), Ocak und Dedelik: Institutionen religiösen Spezialistentums bei den Aleviten (pp. 205–25). Frankfurt: Peter Lang.Google Scholar

Akçınar, M. (2010). Re-invention of identity: The case of the Dersim Community Association in Berlin. Unpublished PhD thesis, Middle East Technical University.Google Scholar

Akdemir, A. (2016). Alevis in Britain: Emerging identities in a transnational social space. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Essex.Google Scholar

Aksüt, H. (2015). ‘Satır Arası’. TV10, 12 August. www.youtube.com/watch?v=TYrRKm0zejo.Google Scholar

Andrews, P. A. and Benninghaus, R. (1989). Ethnic Groups in Turkey. Wiesbaden: Reichert.Google Scholar

Ayata, B. and Hakyemez, S. (2013). The AKP’s engagement with Turkey’s past crimes: An analysis of PM Erdoğan’s ‘Dersim apology’. Dialectical Anthropology, 37 (1), 131–43.Google Scholar

Beşikçi, İ. (1992). Tunceli Kanunu (1935) ve Dersim Jenosidi. Ankara: Yurt Kitap Yayınları.Google Scholar

Bozarslan, H. (2003). Alevism and the myths of research: The need for a new research agenda. In White, O. J. and Jongerden, J. (eds), Turkey’s Alevi Enigma: A Comprehensive Overview (pp. 3–16). Leiden: Brill.Google Scholar

Bumke, P. J. (1979). Kizilbas-Kurden in Dersim (Tunceli, Türkei). Anthropos, 74, 530–48.Google Scholar

Çakmak, H. (2013). Dersim Aleviliği – Raa Haqi: Dualar, Gülbenkler, Ritüeller. Ankara: Kalan Yayınları.Google Scholar

Çalışlar, İ. (2011). Dersim Raporu. 4th ed. Istanbul: İletişim Yayınları.Google Scholar

Çem, M. (2011). Dersim Merkezli Kürt Aleviliği & Etnisite Dini İnanç Kültür ve Direniş. 2nd ed. Istanbul: Vate Yayınları.Google Scholar

Dersimi, M. N. (1988). Kürdistan Tarihinde Dersim. Cologne: Komkar Yayınları.Google Scholar

Dersimi, M. N. (1992). Hatıratım: Dersim ve Kürt Milli Mücadelesine Dair. Ankara: Öz-Ge Yayınları.Google Scholar

Dinç, P. (2016). Collective memory and competition over identity in a conflict zone: The case of Dersim. Unpublished PhD thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science.Google Scholar

Dressler, M. (2015). Writing Religion: The Making of Turkish Alevi Islam. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Ertan, M. (2017). Aleviliğin Politikleşme Süreci: Kimlik Siyasetinin Kısıtlılıkları ve İmkânları. Istanbul: İletişim Yayınları.Google Scholar

Fırat, M. Ş. (1983). Doğu İlleri ve Varto Tarihi. Ankara: Türk Kültürünü Araştırma Enstitüsü.Google Scholar

Gedik, E. (2011). Migrant organizations in Turkey and Germany: Local, transnational and global contexts of Kurdish-Alevis from Varto, Turkey. Urban Anthropology and Studies of Cultural Systems and World Economic Development, 40 (1–2), 151–204.Google Scholar

Gezik, E. (2000). Dinsel, Etnik ve Politik Sorunlar Bağlamında Alevi Kürtler. Ankara: Kalan Yayınları.Google Scholar

Gezik, E. (2013). Rayberler, Pirler ve Murşitler (Alevi Ocak Örgütlenmesine Dair saptamalar ve sorular). In Gezik, E. and Özcan, M. (eds), Alevi Ocakları ve Örgütlenmeleri (pp. 11–77). Ankara: Kalan Yayınları.Google Scholar

Gezik, E. (2015). How Angel Gabriel became our brother of the hereafter (On the question of Ismaili influence on Alevism). British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, 43 (1), 56–70.Google Scholar

Gezik, E. (2016). Geçmiş ve Tarih Arasında Alevi Hafızasını Tanımlamak. Istanbul: İletişim Yayınları.Google Scholar

Göldaş, İ. (1991). Kürdistan Teali Cemiyeti. Istanbul: Doz Basım ve Yayıncılık.Google Scholar

Güler, S. (2008). Aleviliğin Siyasal Örgütlenmesi: Modernleşme, Çözülme ve Türkiye Birlik Partisi. Ankara: Dipnot Yayınları.Google Scholar

Gündoğdu, C. and Genç, V. (2013). Dersim’de Osmanlı Siyaseti: İzale-i Vahşet, Tashıh-i İtikad ve Tasfiye-i Ezhan 1880 – 1913. Istanbul: Kitap Yayınevi.Google Scholar

KAB (Kürdistan Aleviler Birliği) (1994). Çıkarken. Zülfikar, 1 (Haziran), 3.Google Scholar

Karakaya-Stump, A. (2008). Subjects of the sultan, disciples of the shah: Formation and transformation of the Kizilbash/Alevi communities in Ottoman Anatolia. Unpublished PhD thesis, Harvard University.Google Scholar

Karamustafa, A. T. (2005). Origins of Anatolian Sufism. In Ocak, A. Y. (ed.), Sufism and Sufis in Ottoman Society: Sources, Doctrine, Rituals, Turuq, Architecture, Literature and Fine Arts, Modernism (pp. 67–95). Ankara: Turkish Historical Society.Google Scholar

Kehl-Bodrogi, K. (1988). Die Kizilbaş/Aleviten: Untersuchungen über eine esoterische Glaubensgemeinschaft in Anatolien. Berlin: Klaus Schwarz.Google Scholar

Kehl-Bodrogi, K. (1999). Kurds, Turks, or a people in their own right? Competing collective identities among the Zazas. The Muslim World, 89 (3–4), 439–54.Google Scholar

Kieser, H.-L. (2011). Dersim massacre, 1937–1938. In Online Encyclopedia of Mass Violence.Google Scholar

Klein, J. (2011). The Margins of Empire: Kurdish Militias in the Ottoman Tribal Zone. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar

Küçük, H. (2002). The Role of the Bektashis in Turkey’s National Struggle. Leiden: Brill.Google Scholar

Leezenberg, M. (2003). Kurdish Alevis and the Kurdish nationalist movement in the 1990s. In White, O. J. and Jongerden, J. (eds), Turkey’s Alevi Enigma: A Comprehensive Overview (pp. 197–212). Leiden: Brill.Google Scholar

Massicard, E. (2013). The Alevis in Turkey and Europe. Oxon: Routledge.Google Scholar

Mélikoff, I. (1994). Uyur İdik Uyardılar/Alevilik-Bektaşilik Araştırmaları. 2nd ed. Istanbul: Cem Yayınevi.Google Scholar

Muxundi, S. (2012). Alevi Kürtlerde Dua ve Gülbenkler. Ankara: Kalan Yayınlar.Google Scholar

Rotkopf, P. (1978). Beobachtungen und Bemerkungen Über eine kurdische Bevölkerungsgruppe. In Roth, J. (ed.), Geographie der Unterdrückten Die Kurden: bilder unde texte über geschichte, kultur, lebensverhaeltnisse und freiheitskaempfe einer minderheit (pp. 118–39). Hamburg: Rowohlt Verlag.Google Scholar

Schüler, H. (1999). Türkiye’de Sosyal Demokrasi Particilik, Hemşehrilik, Alevilik. Istanbul: İletişim Yayınlar.Google Scholar

Şerefhan, B. (1975). Şerefname: Kürt Tarihi. Istanbul: Yőntem Yay.Google Scholar

Shankland, D. (2003). The Alevis in Turkey: The Emergence of a Secular Islamic Tradition. London: Routledge.Google Scholar

Sökefeld, M. (2008). Struggling for Recognition: The Alevi Movement in Germany and in Transnational Space. New York: Berghahn Books.Google Scholar

Sykes, M. (1915). The Caliphs’ Last Heritage: A Short History of the Ottoman Empire. London: Macmillan and Company.Google Scholar

Tunç, A. (2011). Maraş Kıyımı Tarihsel Arka Planı ve Anatomisi. Istanbul: Belge Yayınları.Google Scholar

Türkyılmaz, Z. (2016). Maternal colonialism and Turkish women’s burden in Dersim: Educating the mountain flowers of Dersim. Journal of Women’s History, 28 (3), 162–86.Google Scholar

van Bruinessen, M. (2017). Between Dersim and Dâlahû: Reflections on Kurdish Alevism and the Ahl-i Haqq religion. In Raei, S. (ed.), Islamic Alternatives: Non-mainstream Religion in Persianate Societies (pp. 65–93). Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.Google Scholar

Watts, N. (2000). Relocating Dersim: Turkish state-building and Kurdish resistance. New Perspectives on Turkey, 23 (Fall), 5–30.Google Scholar

Yeğen, M. (2016). Kürtler Ne İstiyor: Kürdistan’da etnik kimlik, dindarlık, sınıf ve seçimler. Istanbul: İletişim Yayınları.Google Scholar

Bibliography

Abdulla, N. (2013). Empire, frontière et tribu. Le Kurdistan et le conflit de frontière turco-persan (1843–1932). Erbil: Direction culturelle de la Presse.Google Scholar

Amarilyo, E. (2014). The dual relationship between tribalism and nationalism. In Bengio, O. (ed.), Kurdish Awakening: Nation-Building in a Fragmented Homeland (pp. 63–79). Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.Google Scholar

Ateş-Durç, S. (2009). Türkiye’de Aşiret ve Siyaset İlişkisi: Metinan Aşireti Örneği. Unpublished MA thesis, Hacettepe University.Google Scholar

Beșikçi, İ. (1991). Cumhuriyet Halk Fırkası’nın Tüzüğü (1927) ve Kürt Sorunu. Ankara: Yurt Yayınları.Google Scholar

Beşikçi, İ. (1992). Doğu’da Değişim ve Yapısal Sorunlar (Göçebe Alikan Aşireti). Ankara: Yurt Yayınları.Google Scholar

Bozarslan, H. (1999). Les relations kurdo-arméniennes: 1894–1996. In Kieser, H. L. (ed.), Die Armenische Frage und Die Schweiz (pp. 329–40). Zürich: Chronos Verlag.Google Scholar

Bozarslan, H. (2006). Tribal asabiyya and Kurdish politics: A socio-historical perspective. In Jabar, F. A. and Dawod, H. (eds), The Kurds: Nationalism and Politics (pp. 130–47). London: Saqi.Google Scholar

Bozarslan, H. (2015). The Arab world and Middle East 2010–2015: From revolutionary configurations to the state of violence. In Karakoç, J. (ed.), Authoritarianism in the Middle East: Before and after the Arab Uprisings (pp. 67–91). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar

Dillemann, L. (1979). Les français en Haute Djezireh. Outre-Mers. Revue d’histoire, 33–58.Google Scholar

Göyünç, N. and Hütteroth, W. D. (1997). Land an der Grenze. Osmanische Verwaltung im heutigen türkisch-syrisch-irakischen Grenzgebiet im 16. Jahrhundert. Istanbul: Eren Yayincilik.Google Scholar

Hachemaoui, M. (2013). Clientélisme et patronage dans l’Algérie contemporaine. Paris: Karthala.Google Scholar

Hudson, M. (1977). Arab Politics: The Search for Legitimacy. New Haven, CT, and London: Yale University Press.Google Scholar

Izady, M. (1992). The Kurds: A Concise Handbook. London and Washington, DC: Taylor & Francis.Google Scholar

Jabar, F. A. (1999). Shaykhs and ideologues: Detribalisation and retribalisation in Iraq: 1968–1998. MERIP Report, no. 215, 28–31.Google Scholar

James, B. (2014). Les Kurdes dans l’Orient mamelouk et mongol de 1250 à 1340: Entre marginalisation et autonomie. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Paris X.Google Scholar

Jongerden, J. (2012). Elite encounters of a violent kind: Milli Ibrahim Paşa, Ziya Gökalp and political struggle in Diyarbékir at the turn of the 20th century. In Jongerden, J. and Verheij, J. (eds), Social Relations in Ottoman Diyarbekir, 1870–1925 (pp. 55–84). Leiden and Boston, MA: Brill.Google Scholar

Karadeniz, S. (2012). Aşiret Sisteminde Dönüşüm: Aşiretlerin Kentte Aldığı Yeni Șekiller – Batman Örneği. Unpublished PhD thesis. İnönü University.Google Scholar

Klein, K. (2011). The Margins of Empire: Kurdish Militias in the Ottoman Tribal Zone. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar

Lapidus, I. M. (1990). Tribes and state formation in Islamic history. In Khoury, P. S. and Kostiner, J. (eds), Tribes and State Formation in the Middle East (pp. 25–47). Berkeley, LA, and Oxford: University of California Press.Google Scholar

Mehmed Hurşid Paşa, . (1997). Seyahatname-iHudud. (Transcribed with the original copy by Alaaddin Eser.) Istanbul: Simurg.Google Scholar

Özar, S., Uçarlar, N. and Aytar, O. (2013). From Past to Present: A Paramilitary Organization. Diyarbakır: Diyarbakır Institute for Political and Social Research (Disa).Google Scholar

Özoğlu, H. (2011). From Caliphate to Secular State: Power Struggle in the Early Turkish Republic. Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger.Google Scholar

Radikal, (2015). ‘Secimin en ilginc rekabeti: bir aile 3 rakip’. www.radikal.com.tr/politika/secimin-en-ilginc-rekabeti-Diyarbakırda-bir-aile-uc-rakip-1312363/.Google Scholar

Ripper, T. (2000). Die Marwaniden von Diar Bakr. Eine Kurdische Dynastie im islamischen Mittelalter. Würzburg: Ergon Verlag.Google Scholar

Serdi, H. H. (1994). Görüş ve Anılarım 1907–1985. Istanbul: Med Yayınları.Google Scholar

Sevgin, N. (1982). Doğuve Güneydoğu Anadolu’da Türk Beylikleri – Osmanlı Belgeleri ile Kürt Türkleri Tarihi. Ankara: TKAE.Google Scholar

T24 (2015a). ‘AKP’li Alpahan Aşireti’nden 300 kişi HDP’ye geçti’. https://t24.com.tr/haber/akpli-alpahan-asiretinden-300-kisi-hdpye-gecti,296077.Google Scholar

T24 (2015b). ‘AKP’li aşiretler HDP’ye geçmeye devam ediyor’. https://t24.com.tr/haber/akpli-asiretler-hdpye-gecmeye-devam-ediyor,296236.Google Scholar

Taştekin, F. (2015). ‘Kurds abandon AKP’. Al-Monitor. www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2015/05/turkey-pious-kurds-abandon-akp-in-droves-hdp.html.Google Scholar

Tejel, J. (2007). Le mouvement kurde de Turquie en exil. Continuités et discontinuités du nationalisme kurde sous le mandat français en Syrie et au Liban (1925–1946). Berne and Berlin: Peter Lang.Google Scholar

Uluç, A. V. (2010). Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesinin Toplumsal ve Siyasal Yapısı: Mardin Örnegi’nde Siyasal Katılım. Unpublished PhD thesis, Istanbul University.Google Scholar

van Bruinessen, M. (1992). Agha, Sheikh and State: The Social and Political Structure of Kurdistan. London: Zed Books.Google Scholar

van Bruinessen, M. (2000a). Kurdish Ethno-nationalism versus Nation-Building States. Istanbul: The ISIS Press.Google Scholar

van Bruinessen, M. (2000b). Les kurdes, Etats et tribus. Etudes kurdes, no. 1, 9–31.Google Scholar

Verheij, J. (2012). Diyarbékir and the Armenian crisis of 1895. In Jongerden, J. and Verheij, J. (eds), Social Relations in Ottoman Diyarbekir, 1870–1925 (pp. 85–145). Leiden and Boston, MA: Brill.Google Scholar

Yalçın-Heckmann, L. (1991). Tribe and Kinship among the Kurds. Frankfurt: Peter Lang.Google Scholar

Yüksekova Haber, (2010). ‘Ahmet Zeydan Vefat etti’. www.yuksekovahaber.com/haber/ahmet-zeydan-vefat-etti-26283.htm.Google Scholar

Yüksel, M. (2011). Dengbêj, mullah, intelligentsia: The survival of Kurdish-Kurmanji language in the Middle East, 1925–1960. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Chicago.Google Scholar

Book contents

Part IV - Religion and Society

Summary

Access options

References

Bibliography

Bibliography

Bibliography

Bibliography

Bibliography

Save book to Kindle

Save book to Dropbox

Save book to Google Drive