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13 - The Climate and Environment of the Mongol Conquest

from Volume I Part 2 - Thematic Histories

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

By
Nicola Di Cosmo
Edited by
Michal Biran  and
Hodong Kim
Michal Biran
Affiliation:
Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Hodong Kim
Affiliation:
Seoul National University
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Summary

This chapter explores the climatic and environmental conditions in the regions that were invaded by the Mongols during the first decades of their conquest. Its main goal is to trace possible connections between environmental conditions and economic, military, or political aspects of the Mongol conquest. Four separate regions are considered: Mongolia, northern China and Manchuria, arid Central Asia, and Russia and Eastern Europe. For each region, the chapter presents a survey, based on current scientific literature, of the prevailing paleoclimatic conditions pertaining chiefly to temperature and precipitation, thus attempting to assess possible connections between environmental and historical factors. The most relevant findings are to be registered in relation to environmental conditions that may have supported or hindered large-scale Mongol military operations. It should be noted that climatic reconstructions contain a high level of uncertainty and are based on different types of proxy data that are difficult to interpret.

Keywords

Medieval Warm PeriodLittle Ice Ageclimate of the Mongol conquestclimate and historyenvironment of the Mongol conquestmedieval Eurasian climate
Type
Chapter
Information
The Cambridge History of the Mongol Empire , pp. 603 - 627
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2023

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