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6 - Western European Sources

from Volume II Part 1 - Literary Sources

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

By
Peter Jackson
Edited by
Michal Biran  and
Hodong Kim
Michal Biran
Affiliation:
Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Hodong Kim
Affiliation:
Seoul National University
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Summary

Although most of Catholic Christendom escaped conquest by the Mongols, the West yields a comparatively broad and varied range of sources concerning the invaders and their empire. These include not only contemporary accounts of the onslaught of 1241–1242 on Hungary, but also narratives composed by Westerners who visited the Mongol world; geographical surveys, like Marco Polo’s description of Yuan China, reflecting the West’s considerably extended horizons; mercantile handbooks; and documents relating to trade with the Mongols. Admittedly, the earliest material is often characterized by apocalyptic speculation and misleading preconceptions. But at the opposite extreme, despite retaining some detail of a fantastic nature, the reports of members of the newly founded mendicant orders – the Franciscans and Dominicans – who traveled in Mongol Asia as either envoys or missionaries are unmatched for keen observation and penetrating analysis; they form an indispensable accessory and backcloth to the narrative accounts produced within non-European societies.

Keywords

apocalyptic literatureCatholic missionary writingstravel literature and ethnographyMarco Polomerchant handbooksPlano CarpiniPrester John
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Chapter
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The Cambridge History of the Mongol Empire , pp. 1070 - 1113
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2023

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