from C
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 09 January 2025
Spinoza’s theory of truth has been an important topic of interest in the secondary literature, especially in comparison with Descartes’s conception of the clarity and distinctness of ideas. Certainty (certitudo) is a word commonly used by Spinoza throughout his works. Although it is never formally defined, Spinoza arguably makes specific epistemological and theological uses of it in addition to the usual meaning of certainty as that which is opposed to doubt. We can identify three essential characteristics of certainty in Spinoza’s thought: identity with the objective essence, being a feature of any true idea, and being self-evident.
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