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1 - Pathways to Urban Transformation

from Introduction

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 April 2018

By
Cynthia Rosenzweig ,
William Solecki ,
Patricia Romero-Lankao ,
Shagun Mehrotra ,
Shobhakar Dhakal  and
Somayya Ali Ibrahim
Edited by
Cynthia Rosenzweig ,
William D. Solecki ,
Patricia Romero-Lankao ,
Shagun Mehrotra ,
Shobhakar Dhakal  and
Somayya Ali Ibrahim
Cynthia Rosenzweig
Affiliation:
NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies
William D. Solecki
Affiliation:
Hunter College, City University of New York
Patricia Romero-Lankao
Affiliation:
National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado
Shagun Mehrotra
Affiliation:
New School University, New York
Shobhakar Dhakal
Affiliation:
Asian Institute of Technology, Pathumthani, Thailand
Somayya Ali Ibrahim
Affiliation:
Earth Institute at Columbia University/NASA GISS, New York
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Type
Chapter
Information
Climate Change and Cities
Second Assessment Report of the Urban Climate Change Research Network
 , pp. 3 - 26
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2018

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References

Chapter 1 Pathways to Urban Transformation

Balk, D., Montgomery, M. R., McGranahan, G., Kim, D., Mara, V., Todd, M., Buettner, T., and Dorelien, A. (2009). Mapping urban settlements and the risks of climate change in Africa, Asia, and South America. In Martine, G., Guzman, J. M., McGranahan, G., Schensul, D., and Tacoli, C. (eds.), Population Dynamics and Climate Change (pp. 80–103). United Nations Population Fund and International Institute for the Environment and Development.Google Scholar
Biermann, F., Betsill, M., Gupta, J., Kanie, N., Lebel, L., Liverman, D. D., Schroeder, H. H., and Siebenhüne, B. B. (2009). Earth System Governance: People, Places, and the Planet: Science and Implementation Plan of the Earth System Governance Project. Earth System Governance Report 1, IHDP Report 20. Bonn: The Earth System Governance Project.Google Scholar
Brown, K. (2014). Global environmental change | a social turn for resilience? Progress in Human Geography 38(1), 107–117.Google Scholar
Brown, K., O’Neill, S., and Fabricius, C. (2013). Social science understandings of transformation (pp. 100–106). World Social Science Report 2013: Changing Global Environments. ISSC, UNESCO.Google Scholar
Bulkeley, H., Broto, V. C., Hodson, M., and Marvin, S. (2012). Cities and Low Carbon Transitions. Routledege.Google Scholar
Bulkeley, H., Broto, V. C., Hodson, M., and Marvin, S. (2014). Low-carbon transitions and the reconfiguration of urban infrastructure. Urban Studies Journal, 51(7), 1471–1486, Accessed January 12, 2015: http://usj.sagepub.com/content/51/7/1471.full.pdf+htmlGoogle Scholar
Burch, S., Shaw, A., Dale, A., and Robinson, J. (2014). Triggering transformative change: A development path approach to climate change response in communities. Climate Policy 14(4), doi:10.1080/14693062.2014.876342.Google Scholar
Cote, M., and Nightingale, A. J. (2011). Resilience thinking meets social theory: Situating social change in socio-ecological systems (SES) research. Progress in Human Geography. doi:10.1177/0309132511425708.Google Scholar
Denton, F., Wilbanks, T. J., Abeysinghe, A. C., Burton, I., Gao, Q., Lemos, M. C., Masui, T. O’Brien, K. L., and Warner, K. (2014). Climate-resilient pathways: Adaptation, mitigation, and sustainable development. In Field, C. B., Barros, V. R., Dokken, D. J., et al. (eds.), Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (pp. 1101–1131). Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Dodman, D. (2009a). Blaming cities for climate change: An analysis of urban greenhouse gas emissions inventories. Urbanization and Environment 21(1), 185–201.Google Scholar
Dodman, D. (2009b). Urban form, greenhouse gas emissions and climate vulnerability. In Guzmán, J. M., Martine, G., McGranahan, G., Schensul, D., and Tacoli, C. (eds.), Population Dynamics and Climate Change (pp. 64–79). UNFPA/IIED.Google Scholar
Ferguson, D. B., Rice, J., and Woodhouse, C. (2014). Linking Environmental Research and Practice: Lessons from the Integration of Climate Science and Water Management in the Western United States. Climate Assessment for the Southwest.Google Scholar
Grimm, N. B., Faeth, S. H., Redman, C. L., Wu, J., Bai, X., Briggs, J. and Golubiewski, N. E. (2008). Global change and the ecology of cities. Science 319(5864), 756–760.Google Scholar
Hunter, L., and O’Neill, B. (2014). Enhancing engagement between the population, environment, and climate research communities: The shared socio-economic pathway process, Population and Environment. 35, 231–242.Google Scholar
ICLEI (2015). Who We Are. Accessed September 16, 2015: http://www.iclei.org/iclei-global/who-is-iclei.htmlGoogle Scholar
International Organization for Migration (IOM) (2015). World Migration Report 2015. Migrants and Cities: New Partnerships to Manage Mobility. International Organization for Migration. Accessed January 12, 2016: http://publications.iom.int/system/files/wmr2015_en.pdfGoogle Scholar
Marshall, N. A., Park, S. E., Adger, W. N., Brown, K., and Howden, S. M. (2012). Transformational capacity and the influence of place and identity. Environmental Research Letters 7(3), 1–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McDonald, R. I., Green, P. Balk, D., Fekete, B., Revenga, C., Todd, M., and Montgomery, M. (2011). Urban growth, climate change, and freshwater availability. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 3(21), 1–6.Google Scholar
McGranahan, G., Balk, D., and Anderson, B. (2007). The rising tide: Assessing the risks of climate change and human settlements in low elevation coastal zones. Environment and Urbanization 19, 17–37.Google Scholar
Mehrotra, S., Rosenzweig, C., Solecki, W. D., Natenzon, C. E., Omojola, A., Folorunsho, R., and Gilbride, J. (2011). Cities, disasters and climate risk. In Rosenzweig, C., Solecki, W. D., Hammer, S. A., and Mehrotra, S. (eds.), Climate Change and Cities: First Assessment Report of the Urban Climate Change Research Network (pp. 15–42). Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Montgomery, M. R. (2008, 8 February). The urban transformation of the developing world. Science 319(5864), 761–764.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Montgomery, M. R., Balk, D., Liu, Z., and Kim, D. (2012, 22 October). Understanding City Growth in Asia’s Developing Countries: The Role of Internal Migration, Working paper, Asia Development Bank.Google Scholar
O’Neill, B. C., Dalton, M., Fuchs, R., Jiang, L., Pachauri, S., and Zigova, K. (2010). Global demographic trends and future carbon emissions, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 107(41), 17521–17526.Google Scholar
Redman, C. L., Grove, J. M., and Kuby, L. H. (2004). Integrating social science into the Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) network: Social dimensions of ecological change and ecological dimensions of social change. Ecosystems 7(2), 161–171.Google Scholar
Sachs, J., and Tubiana, L. (2014). Pathways to deep decarbonization. Sustainable Development Solutions Network, Institute for Sustainable Development and International Relations, Accessed September 7, 2015: http://unsdsn.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/DDPP_Digit.pdfGoogle Scholar
Seto, K. C., Fragkias, M., Güneralp, B., and Reilly, M. K. (2011). A meta-analysis of global urban land expansion. PLoS ONE 6, e23777.Google Scholar
Seto, K. C., Reenberg, A., Boone, C. G., Fragkias, M., Haase, D., Langanke, T., Marcotullio, P., Munroe, D. K., Olah, B., and Simon, D. (2012). Urban land teleconnections and sustainability. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 109, 7687–7692. Accessed August 11, 2015: http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1117622109Google Scholar
Seto, K. C., Dhakal, S., Bigio, A., Blanco, H., Delgado, G. C., Dewar, D., Huang, L., Inaba, A., Kansal, A., Lwasa, S., McMahon, J. E., Müller, D. B., Murakami, J., Nagendra, H., and Ramaswami, A. (2014). Human settlements, infrastructure and spatial planning. In Edenhofer, O., Pichs-Madruga, R., Sokona, Y., Farahani, E., Kadner, S., Seyboth, K., Adler, A., Baum, I., Brunner, S., Eickemeier, P., Kriemann, B., Savolainen, J., Schlömer, S., von Stechow, C., Zwickel, T., and Minx, J. C. (eds.), Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press. Accessed July 12, 2015: http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/ wg3/ipcc_wg3_ar5_chapter12.pdfGoogle Scholar
Shaw, A., Burch, S., Kristensen, F., Robinson, J., and Dale, A. (2014). Accelerating the sustainability transition: Exploring synergies between adaptation and mitigation in British Columbian communities. Global Environmental Change. Accessed March 13, 2015: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2014.01.002Google Scholar
Simon, D. and Hayley, L. (2015). Sustainability challenges: Assessing climate adaptation in Africa. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability 13, iv–viii.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Skeldon, R. (2013). Global Migration: Demographic Aspects and Its Relevance for Development. UN DESA Technical paper 2013/6. Accessed July 29, 2014: www.un.org/esa/population/migration/documents/EGM.Skeldon_17.12.2013.pdfGoogle Scholar
Solecki, W., Rosenzweig, C., Solecki, S., Patrick, L., Horton, R., and Dorsch, M. (2017). New York, United States of America – Case Study. In Bartlett, S and Satterthwaite, D (eds.), Cities on a Finite Planet. Transformative Responses to Climate Change. Routledge.Google Scholar
Solecki, W., Seto, K. C., and Marcotullio, P. (2013). It’s time for an urbanization science. Environment 55, 12–16.Google Scholar
Sustainable Development Solutions Network, Thematic Group on Sustainable Cities (SDSN, TG09). (2013). The urban opportunity: Enabling transformative and sustainable development. Report to the High-Level Panel on Eminent Persons. Accessed May 24, 2014: http://unsdsn.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Final-052013-SDSN-TG09-The-Urban-Opportunity1.pdfGoogle Scholar
Sustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN). (2013). An Action Agenda for Sustainable Development: Report for the UN Secretary General, The United Nations. Accessed February 25, 2014: http://unsdsn.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/140505-An-Action-Agenda-for-Sustainable-Development.pdfGoogle Scholar
United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. (2012). World Urbanization Prospects, the 2011 Revision. Final Report with Annex Tables. United Nations.Google Scholar
United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2014). World Population Prospects: The 2012 Revision, Methodology of the United Nations Population Estimates and Projections. ESA/P/WP.235. The United Nations.Google Scholar
UN-Habitat. (2011). Urbanization and the challenge of climate change. In Cities and Climate Change: Global Report on Human Settlement (pp. 1–16). UN-Habitat.Google Scholar
United Nations, Department of Economics and Social Affairs, Population Division (2015). World Population Prospects: The 2015 Revision. New York: United Nations.Google Scholar
United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction. (2012). How to Make Cities More Resilient: A Handbook for Local Government Leaders. United Nations. Accessed February 25, 2014: http://www.unisdr.org/files/26462_handbookfinalonlineversion.pdfGoogle Scholar
United Nations Population Fund (UNPF). (2007). State of the World Population. United Nations. Accessed September 7, 2015: www.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/695_filename_sowp2007_eng.pdfGoogle Scholar
Urban Cities and Local Governments (UCLG). (2014). About Us. Accessed October 26, 2014: http://www.uclg.org/en/organisation/aboutGoogle Scholar
Wang, X., Khoo, Y. B., and Wang, C. H. (2014). Risk assessment and decision-making for residential housing adapting to increasing storm-tide inundation due to sea level rise in Australia. Civil Engineering and Environmental Systems 31(2), 125–139.Google Scholar
Wenban-Smith, B. H. (2009). Economies of scale, distribution costs and density effects in urban water supply: A spatial analysis of the role of infrastructure in urban agglomeration. PhD thesis, The London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE).Google Scholar
Zagheni, E. (2011). The leverage of demographic dynamics on carbon dioxide emissions: Does age structure matter? Demography 48, 371–399.Google Scholar
Balk, D., Montgomery, M. R., McGranahan, G., Kim, D., Mara, V., Todd, M., Buettner, T., and Dorelien, A. (2009). Mapping urban settlements and the risks of climate change in Africa, Asia, and South America. In Martine, G., Guzman, J. M., McGranahan, G., Schensul, D., and Tacoli, C. (eds.), Population Dynamics and Climate Change (pp. 80–103). United Nations Population Fund and International Institute for the Environment and Development.Google Scholar
Biermann, F., Betsill, M., Gupta, J., Kanie, N., Lebel, L., Liverman, D. D., Schroeder, H. H., and Siebenhüne, B. B. (2009). Earth System Governance: People, Places, and the Planet: Science and Implementation Plan of the Earth System Governance Project. Earth System Governance Report 1, IHDP Report 20. Bonn: The Earth System Governance Project.Google Scholar
Brown, K. (2014). Global environmental change | a social turn for resilience? Progress in Human Geography 38(1), 107–117.Google Scholar
Brown, K., O’Neill, S., and Fabricius, C. (2013). Social science understandings of transformation (pp. 100–106). World Social Science Report 2013: Changing Global Environments. ISSC, UNESCO.Google Scholar
Bulkeley, H., Broto, V. C., Hodson, M., and Marvin, S. (2012). Cities and Low Carbon Transitions. Routledege.Google Scholar
Bulkeley, H., Broto, V. C., Hodson, M., and Marvin, S. (2014). Low-carbon transitions and the reconfiguration of urban infrastructure. Urban Studies Journal, 51(7), 1471–1486, Accessed January 12, 2015: http://usj.sagepub.com/content/51/7/1471.full.pdf+htmlGoogle Scholar
Burch, S., Shaw, A., Dale, A., and Robinson, J. (2014). Triggering transformative change: A development path approach to climate change response in communities. Climate Policy 14(4), doi:10.1080/14693062.2014.876342.Google Scholar
Cote, M., and Nightingale, A. J. (2011). Resilience thinking meets social theory: Situating social change in socio-ecological systems (SES) research. Progress in Human Geography. doi:10.1177/0309132511425708.Google Scholar
Denton, F., Wilbanks, T. J., Abeysinghe, A. C., Burton, I., Gao, Q., Lemos, M. C., Masui, T. O’Brien, K. L., and Warner, K. (2014). Climate-resilient pathways: Adaptation, mitigation, and sustainable development. In Field, C. B., Barros, V. R., Dokken, D. J., et al. (eds.), Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (pp. 1101–1131). Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Dodman, D. (2009a). Blaming cities for climate change: An analysis of urban greenhouse gas emissions inventories. Urbanization and Environment 21(1), 185–201.Google Scholar
Dodman, D. (2009b). Urban form, greenhouse gas emissions and climate vulnerability. In Guzmán, J. M., Martine, G., McGranahan, G., Schensul, D., and Tacoli, C. (eds.), Population Dynamics and Climate Change (pp. 64–79). UNFPA/IIED.Google Scholar
Ferguson, D. B., Rice, J., and Woodhouse, C. (2014). Linking Environmental Research and Practice: Lessons from the Integration of Climate Science and Water Management in the Western United States. Climate Assessment for the Southwest.Google Scholar
Grimm, N. B., Faeth, S. H., Redman, C. L., Wu, J., Bai, X., Briggs, J. and Golubiewski, N. E. (2008). Global change and the ecology of cities. Science 319(5864), 756–760.Google Scholar
Hunter, L., and O’Neill, B. (2014). Enhancing engagement between the population, environment, and climate research communities: The shared socio-economic pathway process, Population and Environment. 35, 231–242.Google Scholar
ICLEI (2015). Who We Are. Accessed September 16, 2015: http://www.iclei.org/iclei-global/who-is-iclei.htmlGoogle Scholar
International Organization for Migration (IOM) (2015). World Migration Report 2015. Migrants and Cities: New Partnerships to Manage Mobility. International Organization for Migration. Accessed January 12, 2016: http://publications.iom.int/system/files/wmr2015_en.pdfGoogle Scholar
Marshall, N. A., Park, S. E., Adger, W. N., Brown, K., and Howden, S. M. (2012). Transformational capacity and the influence of place and identity. Environmental Research Letters 7(3), 1–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McDonald, R. I., Green, P. Balk, D., Fekete, B., Revenga, C., Todd, M., and Montgomery, M. (2011). Urban growth, climate change, and freshwater availability. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 3(21), 1–6.Google Scholar
McGranahan, G., Balk, D., and Anderson, B. (2007). The rising tide: Assessing the risks of climate change and human settlements in low elevation coastal zones. Environment and Urbanization 19, 17–37.Google Scholar
Mehrotra, S., Rosenzweig, C., Solecki, W. D., Natenzon, C. E., Omojola, A., Folorunsho, R., and Gilbride, J. (2011). Cities, disasters and climate risk. In Rosenzweig, C., Solecki, W. D., Hammer, S. A., and Mehrotra, S. (eds.), Climate Change and Cities: First Assessment Report of the Urban Climate Change Research Network (pp. 15–42). Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Montgomery, M. R. (2008, 8 February). The urban transformation of the developing world. Science 319(5864), 761–764.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Montgomery, M. R., Balk, D., Liu, Z., and Kim, D. (2012, 22 October). Understanding City Growth in Asia’s Developing Countries: The Role of Internal Migration, Working paper, Asia Development Bank.Google Scholar
O’Neill, B. C., Dalton, M., Fuchs, R., Jiang, L., Pachauri, S., and Zigova, K. (2010). Global demographic trends and future carbon emissions, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 107(41), 17521–17526.Google Scholar
Redman, C. L., Grove, J. M., and Kuby, L. H. (2004). Integrating social science into the Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) network: Social dimensions of ecological change and ecological dimensions of social change. Ecosystems 7(2), 161–171.Google Scholar
Sachs, J., and Tubiana, L. (2014). Pathways to deep decarbonization. Sustainable Development Solutions Network, Institute for Sustainable Development and International Relations, Accessed September 7, 2015: http://unsdsn.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/DDPP_Digit.pdfGoogle Scholar
Seto, K. C., Fragkias, M., Güneralp, B., and Reilly, M. K. (2011). A meta-analysis of global urban land expansion. PLoS ONE 6, e23777.Google Scholar
Seto, K. C., Reenberg, A., Boone, C. G., Fragkias, M., Haase, D., Langanke, T., Marcotullio, P., Munroe, D. K., Olah, B., and Simon, D. (2012). Urban land teleconnections and sustainability. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 109, 7687–7692. Accessed August 11, 2015: http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1117622109Google Scholar
Seto, K. C., Dhakal, S., Bigio, A., Blanco, H., Delgado, G. C., Dewar, D., Huang, L., Inaba, A., Kansal, A., Lwasa, S., McMahon, J. E., Müller, D. B., Murakami, J., Nagendra, H., and Ramaswami, A. (2014). Human settlements, infrastructure and spatial planning. In Edenhofer, O., Pichs-Madruga, R., Sokona, Y., Farahani, E., Kadner, S., Seyboth, K., Adler, A., Baum, I., Brunner, S., Eickemeier, P., Kriemann, B., Savolainen, J., Schlömer, S., von Stechow, C., Zwickel, T., and Minx, J. C. (eds.), Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press. Accessed July 12, 2015: http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/ wg3/ipcc_wg3_ar5_chapter12.pdfGoogle Scholar
Shaw, A., Burch, S., Kristensen, F., Robinson, J., and Dale, A. (2014). Accelerating the sustainability transition: Exploring synergies between adaptation and mitigation in British Columbian communities. Global Environmental Change. Accessed March 13, 2015: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2014.01.002Google Scholar
Simon, D. and Hayley, L. (2015). Sustainability challenges: Assessing climate adaptation in Africa. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability 13, iv–viii.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Skeldon, R. (2013). Global Migration: Demographic Aspects and Its Relevance for Development. UN DESA Technical paper 2013/6. Accessed July 29, 2014: www.un.org/esa/population/migration/documents/EGM.Skeldon_17.12.2013.pdfGoogle Scholar
Solecki, W., Rosenzweig, C., Solecki, S., Patrick, L., Horton, R., and Dorsch, M. (2017). New York, United States of America – Case Study. In Bartlett, S and Satterthwaite, D (eds.), Cities on a Finite Planet. Transformative Responses to Climate Change. Routledge.Google Scholar
Solecki, W., Seto, K. C., and Marcotullio, P. (2013). It’s time for an urbanization science. Environment 55, 12–16.Google Scholar
Sustainable Development Solutions Network, Thematic Group on Sustainable Cities (SDSN, TG09). (2013). The urban opportunity: Enabling transformative and sustainable development. Report to the High-Level Panel on Eminent Persons. Accessed May 24, 2014: http://unsdsn.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Final-052013-SDSN-TG09-The-Urban-Opportunity1.pdfGoogle Scholar
Sustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN). (2013). An Action Agenda for Sustainable Development: Report for the UN Secretary General, The United Nations. Accessed February 25, 2014: http://unsdsn.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/140505-An-Action-Agenda-for-Sustainable-Development.pdfGoogle Scholar
United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. (2012). World Urbanization Prospects, the 2011 Revision. Final Report with Annex Tables. United Nations.Google Scholar
United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2014). World Population Prospects: The 2012 Revision, Methodology of the United Nations Population Estimates and Projections. ESA/P/WP.235. The United Nations.Google Scholar
UN-Habitat. (2011). Urbanization and the challenge of climate change. In Cities and Climate Change: Global Report on Human Settlement (pp. 1–16). UN-Habitat.Google Scholar
United Nations, Department of Economics and Social Affairs, Population Division (2015). World Population Prospects: The 2015 Revision. New York: United Nations.Google Scholar
United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction. (2012). How to Make Cities More Resilient: A Handbook for Local Government Leaders. United Nations. Accessed February 25, 2014: http://www.unisdr.org/files/26462_handbookfinalonlineversion.pdfGoogle Scholar
United Nations Population Fund (UNPF). (2007). State of the World Population. United Nations. Accessed September 7, 2015: www.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/695_filename_sowp2007_eng.pdfGoogle Scholar
Urban Cities and Local Governments (UCLG). (2014). About Us. Accessed October 26, 2014: http://www.uclg.org/en/organisation/aboutGoogle Scholar
Wang, X., Khoo, Y. B., and Wang, C. H. (2014). Risk assessment and decision-making for residential housing adapting to increasing storm-tide inundation due to sea level rise in Australia. Civil Engineering and Environmental Systems 31(2), 125–139.Google Scholar
Wenban-Smith, B. H. (2009). Economies of scale, distribution costs and density effects in urban water supply: A spatial analysis of the role of infrastructure in urban agglomeration. PhD thesis, The London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE).Google Scholar
Zagheni, E. (2011). The leverage of demographic dynamics on carbon dioxide emissions: Does age structure matter? Demography 48, 371–399.Google Scholar

References

Balk, D., Montgomery, M. R., McGranahan, G., Kim, D., Mara, V., Todd, M., Buettner, T., and Dorelien, A. (2009). Mapping urban settlements and the risks of climate change in Africa, Asia, and South America. In Martine, G., Guzman, J. M., McGranahan, G., Schensul, D., and Tacoli, C. (eds.), Population Dynamics and Climate Change (pp. 80–103). United Nations Population Fund and International Institute for the Environment and Development.Google Scholar
Biermann, F., Betsill, M., Gupta, J., Kanie, N., Lebel, L., Liverman, D. D., Schroeder, H. H., and Siebenhüne, B. B. (2009). Earth System Governance: People, Places, and the Planet: Science and Implementation Plan of the Earth System Governance Project. Earth System Governance Report 1, IHDP Report 20. Bonn: The Earth System Governance Project.Google Scholar
Brown, K. (2014). Global environmental change | a social turn for resilience? Progress in Human Geography 38(1), 107–117.Google Scholar
Brown, K., O’Neill, S., and Fabricius, C. (2013). Social science understandings of transformation (pp. 100–106). World Social Science Report 2013: Changing Global Environments. ISSC, UNESCO.Google Scholar
Bulkeley, H., Broto, V. C., Hodson, M., and Marvin, S. (2012). Cities and Low Carbon Transitions. Routledege.Google Scholar
Bulkeley, H., Broto, V. C., Hodson, M., and Marvin, S. (2014). Low-carbon transitions and the reconfiguration of urban infrastructure. Urban Studies Journal, 51(7), 1471–1486, Accessed January 12, 2015: http://usj.sagepub.com/content/51/7/1471.full.pdf+htmlGoogle Scholar
Burch, S., Shaw, A., Dale, A., and Robinson, J. (2014). Triggering transformative change: A development path approach to climate change response in communities. Climate Policy 14(4), doi:10.1080/14693062.2014.876342.Google Scholar
Cote, M., and Nightingale, A. J. (2011). Resilience thinking meets social theory: Situating social change in socio-ecological systems (SES) research. Progress in Human Geography. doi:10.1177/0309132511425708.Google Scholar
Denton, F., Wilbanks, T. J., Abeysinghe, A. C., Burton, I., Gao, Q., Lemos, M. C., Masui, T. O’Brien, K. L., and Warner, K. (2014). Climate-resilient pathways: Adaptation, mitigation, and sustainable development. In Field, C. B., Barros, V. R., Dokken, D. J., et al. (eds.), Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (pp. 1101–1131). Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Dodman, D. (2009a). Blaming cities for climate change: An analysis of urban greenhouse gas emissions inventories. Urbanization and Environment 21(1), 185–201.Google Scholar
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