Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-7cvxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T07:59:57.222Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

7 - Radiotherapy in colorectal cancer

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 September 2010

By
Brian D. P. O'neill  and
Diana M. Tait
Edited by
Gina Brown
Brian D. P. O'neill
Affiliation:
Clinical Research Fellow in GI Clinical Oncology, Royal Marsden Hospital Sutton Surrey SM2 5PT UK
Diana M. Tait
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical Oncology Royal Marsden Hospital Sutton Surrey SM2 5PT UK
Gina Brown
Affiliation:
Royal Marsden Hospital
Get access

Summary

A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
Colorectal Cancer , pp. 110 - 135
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2007

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Gunderson, L. L. and Sosin, H.Areas of failure found at reoperation (second or symptomatic look) following “curative surgery” for adenocarcinoma of the rectum. Clinicopathologic correlation and implications for adjuvant therapy. Cancer 34 (1974), 1278–92.3.0.CO;2-F>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wiig, J. N., Wolff, P. A., Tveit, K. M., et al. Location of pelvic recurrence after ‘curative’ low anterior resection for rectal cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol, 25 (1999), 590–4.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hruby, G., Barton, M., Miles, S., et al. Sites of local recurrence after surgery, with or without chemotherapy, for rectal cancer: implications for radiotherapy field design. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 55 (2003), 138–43.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Steup, W. H., Moriya, Y., and Velde, C. J.Patterns of lymphatic spread in rectal cancer. A topographical analysis on lymph node metastases. Eur J Cancer, 38 (2002), 911–18.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hocht, S., Hammad, R., Thiel, H. J., et al. Recurrent rectal cancer within the pelvis. A multicenter analysis of 123 patients and recommendations for adjuvant radiotherapy. Strahlenther Onkol, 180 (2004), 15–20.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fisher, B., Wolmark, N., Rockette, H., et al. Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy or radiation therapy for rectal cancer: results from NSABP protocol R-01. J Natl Cancer Inst, 80 (1988), 21–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Randomised trial of surgery alone versus surgery followed by radiotherapy for mobile cancer of the rectum. Medical Research Council Rectal Cancer Working Party. Lancet, 348 (1996), 1610–14.CrossRef
Prolongation of the disease-free interval in surgically treated rectal carcinoma. Gastrointestinal Tumor Study Group. N Engl J Med 312 (1985), 1465–72.CrossRef
Wolmark, N., Wieand, H. S., Hyams, D. M., et al. Randomized trial of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy for carcinoma of the rectum: National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project Protocol R-02. J Natl Cancer Inst, 92 (2000), 388–96.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Roh, M., Petrelli, N., Wieand, S., et al. Phase III randomized trial of preoperative versus postoperative mutimodality therapy in patients with carcinoma of the rectum (NSABPR-03). 2001 ASCO General Meeting (2005), abstr 490.
Sauer, R., Becker, H., Hohenberger, W., et al. Preoperative versus postoperative chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer. N Engl J Med, 351 (2004), 1731–40.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Improved survival with preoperative radiotherapy in resectable rectal cancer. Swedish Rectal Cancer Trial. N Engl J Med, 336 (1997), 980–7.CrossRef
Kapiteijn, E., Marijnen, C. A., Nagtegaal, I. D., et al. Preoperative radiotherapy combined with total mesorectal excision for resectable rectal cancer. N Engl J Med, 345 (2001), 638–46.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Marijnen, C. A., Nagtegaal, I. D., Kapiteijn, E., et al. Radiotherapy does not compensate for positive resection margins in rectal cancer patients: report of a multicenter randomized trial. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 55 (2003), 1311–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bosset, J. F., Calais, G., Mineur, L., et al. Enhanced tumorocidal effect of chemotherapy with preoperative radiotherapy for rectal cancer: preliminary results – EORTC 22921. J Clin Oncol, 23 (2005), 5620–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sebag-Montefiore, D., Steele, R., Quirke, P., et al. Routine short course pre-op radiotherapy or selective post-op chemoradiotherapy for resectable rectal cancer? Preliminary results of the MRC CR07 randomised trial. J Clin Oncol (Meeting Abstracts), 24 (2006), 3511 [Abstract].Google Scholar
Nagtegaal, I. D., Velde, C. J., Worp, E., et al. Macroscopic evaluation of rectal cancer resection specimen: clinical significance of the pathologist in quality control. J Clin Oncol, 20 (2002), 1729–34.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bujko, K., Nowacki, M. P., Nasierowska-Guttmejer, A., et al. Long-term results of a randomized trial comparing preoperative short-course radiotherapy with preoperative conventionally fractionated chemoradiation for rectal cancer. Br J Surg, 93 (2006), 1215–23.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Diagnostic accuracy of preoperative magnetic resonance imaging in predicting curative resection of rectal cancer: prospective observational study. Bmj, 333 (2006), 779.CrossRef
Marr, R., Birbeck, K., Garvican, J., et al. The modern abdominoperineal excision: the next challenge after total mesorectal excision. Ann Surg, 242 (2005), 74–82.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
AJCC Cancer Staging Handbook Sixth edition (American Joint Committe on Cancer, 2002).
Bujko, K., Nowacki, M. P., Nasierowska-Guttmejer, A., et al. Sphincter preservation following preoperative radiotherapy for rectal cancer: report of a randomised trial comparing short-term radiotherapy vs. conventionally fractionated radiochemotherapy. Radiother Oncol 72 (2004), 15–24.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mawdsley, S. and Glynne-Jones, R. The importance of pathological downstaging and the circumferential margin in rectal carcinomas treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiation. ASCO Annual Meeting, (2005), abstr 3642.
Balch, G. C., Mithani, S. K., Shyr, Y., et al. Prognostic significance of response to neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy for rectal cancer. ASCO Annual Meeting (2003), abstr 1047.
Shivnani, T., Small, W., Stryker, S. J., et al. Preoperative chemoradiation in Rectal Cancer: correlation of tumor response with survival. J Clin Oncol Proc (2004), abstr 247.Google Scholar
Rodel, C., Martus, P., Papadoupolos, T., et al. Prognostic significance of tumor regression after preoperative chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer. J Clin Oncol, 23 (2005), 8688–96.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vecchio, F. M., Valentini, V., Minsky, B. D., et al. The relationship of pathologic tumor regression grade (TRG) and outcomes after preoperative therapy in rectal cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 62 (2005), 752–60.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pucciarelli, S., Toppan, P., Friso, M. L., et al. Complete pathologic response following preoperative chemoradiation therapy for middle to lower rectal cancer is not a prognostic factor for a better outcome. Dis Colon Rectum, 47 (2004), 1798–807.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Glynne-Jones, R. and Anyamene, N. Just how useful an endpoint is complete pathological response after neoadjuvant chemoradiation in rectal cancer?Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 66 (2006), 319–20.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Francois, Y., Nemoz, C. J., Baulieux, J., et al. Influence of the interval between preoperative radiation therapy and surgery on downstaging and on the rate of sphincter-sparing surgery for rectal cancer: the Lyon R90–01 randomized trial. J Clin Oncol, 17 (1999), 2396.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goldberg, P. A., Nicholls, R. J., Porter, N. H., et al. Long-term results of a randomised trial of short-course low-dose adjuvant pre-operative radiotherapy for rectal cancer: reduction in local treatment failure. Eur J Cancer, 30A (1994), 1602–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gerard, J. P., Chapet, O., Nemoz, C., et al. Improved sphincter preservation in low rectal cancer with high-dose preoperative radiotherapy: the lyon R96–02 randomized trial. J Clin Oncol, 22 (2004), 2404–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jakobsen, A., Mortensen, J. P., Bisgaard, C., et al. Preoperative chemoradiation of locally advanced T3 rectal cancer combined with an endorectal boost. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 64 (2006), 461–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
J clin Oncol, 23 (2005), 8688–96.
Oncol, Lancet, 8 (2007), 625–33.
Andreyev, J.Gastrointestinal complications of pelvic radiotherapy: are they of any importance?Gut, 54 (2005), 1051–4.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Peeters, K. C., Velde, C. J., Leer, J. W., et al. Late side effects of short-course preoperative radiotherapy combined with total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer: increased bowel dysfunction in irradiated patients – a Dutch colorectal cancer group study. J Clin Oncol, 23 (2005), 199–206.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dahlberg, M., Glimelius, B., Graf, W., et al. Preoperative irradiation affects functional results after surgery for rectal cancer: results from a randomized study. Dis Colon Rectum, 41 (1998), 543–9, discussion 549–51.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hermann, R. M., Henkel, K., Christiansen, H., et al. Testicular dose and hormonal changes after radiotherapy of rectal cancer. Radiother Oncol 75 (2005), 83–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mazonakis, M., Damilakis, J., Varveris, H., et al. Radiation dose to testes and risk of infertility from radiotherapy for rectal cancer. Oncol Rep 15 (2006), 729–33.Google ScholarPubMed
Fraass, B. A., Kinsella, T. J., Harrington, F. S., et al. Peripheral dose to the testes: the design and clinical use of a practical and effective gonadal shield. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 11 (1985), 609–15.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kubo, H. and Shipley, W. U.Reduction of the scatter dose to the testicle outside the radiation treatment fields. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 8 (1982), 1741–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Budgell, G. J., Cowan, R. A., and Hounsell, A. R.Prediction of scattered dose to the testes in abdominopelvic radiotherapy. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol), 13 (2001), 120–5.Google ScholarPubMed
Piroth, M. D., Hensley, F., Wannenmacher, M., et al. [Male gonadal dose in adjuvant 3-d-pelvic irradiation after anterior resection of rectal cancer. Influence to fertility]. Strahlenther Onkol, 179 (2003), 754–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spinelli, S., Chiodi, S., Bacigalupo, A., et al. Ovarian recovery after total body irradiation and allogeneic bone marrow transplantation: long-term follow up of 79 females. Bone Marrow Transplant, 14 (1994), 373–80.Google ScholarPubMed
Bisharah, M. and Tulandi, T.Laparoscopic preservation of ovarian function: an underused procedure. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 188 (2003), 367–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marijnen, C. A., Velde, C. J., Putter, H., et al. Impact of short-term preoperative radiotherapy on health-related quality of life and sexual functioning in primary rectal cancer: report of a multicenter randomized trial. J Clin Oncol, 23 (2005), 1847–58.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Birgisson, H., Pahlman, L., Gunnarsson, U., et al. Occurrence of second cancers in patients treated with radiotherapy for rectal cancer. J Clin Oncol, 23 (2005), 6126–31.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Frykholm, G. J., Glimelius, B., and Pahlman, L. Preoperative or postoperative irradiation in adenocarcinoma of the rectum: final treatment results of a randomized trial and an evaluation of late secondary effects. Dis Colon Rectum, 36 (1993), 564–72.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bentrem, D. J., Okabe, S., Wong, W. D., et al. T1 adenocarcinoma of the rectum: transanal excision or radical surgery?Ann Surg, 242 (2005), 472–7, discussion 477–9.Google ScholarPubMed
You, Y. N., Baxter, N., Stewart, A., et al. Is local excision adequate for T1 rectal cancer? A nationwide cohort study from the national cancer database (NCDB). ASCO Annual Meeting, (2005), abstr 3526.
Steele, G. D. Jr., Herndon, J. E., Bleday, R., et al. Sphincter-sparing treatment for distal rectal adenocarcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol, 6 (1996), 433–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Russell, A. H., Harris, J., Rosenberg, P. J., et al. Anal sphincter conservation for patients with adenocarcinoma of the distal rectum: long-term results of radiation therapy oncology group protocol 89–02. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 46 (2000), 313–22.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kim, C. J., Yeatman, T. J., Coppola, D., et al. Local excision of T2 and T3 rectal cancers after downstaging chemoradiation. Ann Surg, 234 (2001), 352–8, discussion 358–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lezoche, E., Guerrieri, M., Paganini, A. M., et al. Long-term results in patients with T2-3 N0 distal rectal cancer undergoing radiotherapy before transanal endoscopic microsurgery. Br J Surg, 92 (2005), 1546–52.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gerard, J. P., Ayzac, L., Coquard, R., et al. Endocavitary irradiation for early rectal carcinomas T1 (T2). A series of 101 patients treated with the Papillon's technique. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 34 (1996), 775–83.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lavertu, S., Schild, S. E., Gunderson, L. L., et al. Endocavitary radiation therapy for rectal adenocarcinoma: 10-year results. Am J Clin Oncol, 26 (2003), 508–12.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Coatmeur, O., Truc, G., Barillot, I., et al. Treatment of T1-T2 rectal tumors by contact therapy and interstitial brachytherapy. Radiother Oncol, 70 (2004), 177–82.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gerard, J. P., Chapet, O., Ramaioli, A., et al. Long-term control of T2-T3 rectal adenocarcinoma with radiotherapy alone. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 54 (2002), 142–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Willett, C. G., Fung, C. Y., Kaufman, D. S., et al. Postoperative radiation therapy for high-risk colon carcinoma. J Clin Oncol, 11 (1993), 1112–17.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Martenson, J. A. Jr., Willett, C. G., Sargent, D. J., et al. Phase III study of adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy compared with chemotherapy alone in the surgical adjuvant treatment of colon cancer: results of intergroup protocol 0130. J Clin Oncol, 22 (2004), 3277–83.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Adson, M. A. Resection of liver metastases – when is it worthwhile?World J Surg, 11 (1987), 511–20.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Borgelt, B. B., Gelber, R., Brady, L. W., et al. The palliation of hepatic metastases: results of the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group pilot study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 7 (1981), 587–91.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Phillips, R., Karnofsky, D. A., Hamilton, L. D., et al. Roentgen therapy of hepatic metastases. Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med, 71 (1954), 826–34.Google ScholarPubMed
Prasad, B., Lee, M. S., and Hendrickson, F. R. Irradiation of hepatic metastases. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 2 (1977), 129–32.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sherman, D. M., Weichselbaum, R., Order, S. E., et al. Palliation of hepatic metastasis. Cancer, 41 (1978), 2013–17.3.0.CO;2-T>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Robertson, J. M., Lawrence, T. S., Walker, S., et al. The treatment of colorectal liver metastases with conformal radiation therapy and regional chemotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 32 (1995), 445–50.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jackson, A., Ten Haken, R. K., Robertson, J. M., et al. Analysis of clinical complication data for radiation hepatitis using a parallel architecture model. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 31 (1995), 883–91.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dawson, L. A., McGinn, C. J., Normolle, D., et al. Escalated focal liver radiation and concurrent hepatic artery fluorodeoxyuridine for unresectable intrahepatic malignancies. J Clin Oncol, 18 (2000), 2210–18.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ben-Josef, E., Normolle, D., Ensminger, W. D., et al. Phase II trial of high-dose conformal radiation therapy with concurrent hepatic artery floxuridine for unresectable intrahepatic malignancies. J Clin Oncol, 23 (2005), 8739–47.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vermaas, M., Ferenschild, F. T., Nuyttens, J. J., et al. Preoperative radiotherapy improves outcome in recurrent rectal cancer. Dis Colon Rectum, 48 (2005), 918–28.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mohiuddin, M., Marks, G., and Marks, J.Long-term results of reirradiation for patients with recurrent rectal carcinoma. Cancer, 95 (2002), 1144–50.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure no-reply@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

  • Radiotherapy in colorectal cancer
    • By Brian D. P. O'neill, Clinical Research Fellow in GI Clinical Oncology, Royal Marsden Hospital Sutton Surrey SM2 5PT UK, Diana M. Tait, Department of Clinical Oncology Royal Marsden Hospital Sutton Surrey SM2 5PT UK
  • Edited by Gina Brown
  • Book: Colorectal Cancer
  • Online publication: 07 September 2010
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511902468.008
Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

  • Radiotherapy in colorectal cancer
    • By Brian D. P. O'neill, Clinical Research Fellow in GI Clinical Oncology, Royal Marsden Hospital Sutton Surrey SM2 5PT UK, Diana M. Tait, Department of Clinical Oncology Royal Marsden Hospital Sutton Surrey SM2 5PT UK
  • Edited by Gina Brown
  • Book: Colorectal Cancer
  • Online publication: 07 September 2010
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511902468.008
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • Radiotherapy in colorectal cancer
    • By Brian D. P. O'neill, Clinical Research Fellow in GI Clinical Oncology, Royal Marsden Hospital Sutton Surrey SM2 5PT UK, Diana M. Tait, Department of Clinical Oncology Royal Marsden Hospital Sutton Surrey SM2 5PT UK
  • Edited by Gina Brown
  • Book: Colorectal Cancer
  • Online publication: 07 September 2010
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511902468.008
Available formats
×