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from Part I
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 06 August 2021
The Conclusion begins with a brief review of the contents of Chapters 1 through 4 with special emphasis on the elements claimed to be uniquely ‘Kamigata.’ Next, it is proposed that, while it is a chief claim in this study that Kamigata rakugo is decidedly ‘merchant-centered,’ merchant stories usually do not reflect shōnin katagi – the way idealized merchants act, think, and feel. Instead of being presented as hard workers, innovative, and skilled, they are generally portrayed as irresponsible, unskilled, and weak. The incongruity of this image creates the basis for much of the humor in Kamigata rakugo stories, but – just as Edo storytellers targeted the established order (i.e., samurai) with indirect jokes and pranks as authorities grew weaker at the end of the early modern era – this also points to an undercurrent of transgression, which developed in step with the loss of faith in and subsequent breakdown of Osaka merchant traditions.
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