Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Dedication
- Contents
- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- 1 Introduction and Background
- 2 Mathematical Models of Fluid Flow
- 3 Numerical Methods for the Solution of Partial Differential Equations
- 4 Fundamental Stability Theory
- 5 Shock Capturing Schemes I: Scalar Conservation Laws
- 6 Shock Capturing Schemes II: Systems of Equations and Gas Dynamics
- 7 Discretization Schemes for Flows in Complex Multi-dimensional Domains
- 8 The Calculation of Viscous flow
- 9 Overview of Time Integration Methods
- 10 Steady State Problems
- 11 Time-Accurate Methods for Unsteady Flow
- 12 Energy Stability for Nonlinear Problems
- 13 High order Methods for Structured Meshes
- 14 High Order Methods for Unstructured Meshes
- 15 Aerodynamic Shape Optimization
- Appendix A Vector and Function Spaces
- Appendix B Approximation Theory
- Appendix C Polynomial Interpolation, Differentiation, and Integration
- Appendix D Potential Flow Methods
- Appendix E Fundamental Stability Theory II
- Appendix F Turbulence Models
- References
- Index
- Plates
15 - Aerodynamic Shape Optimization
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 12 August 2022
- Frontmatter
- Dedication
- Contents
- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- 1 Introduction and Background
- 2 Mathematical Models of Fluid Flow
- 3 Numerical Methods for the Solution of Partial Differential Equations
- 4 Fundamental Stability Theory
- 5 Shock Capturing Schemes I: Scalar Conservation Laws
- 6 Shock Capturing Schemes II: Systems of Equations and Gas Dynamics
- 7 Discretization Schemes for Flows in Complex Multi-dimensional Domains
- 8 The Calculation of Viscous flow
- 9 Overview of Time Integration Methods
- 10 Steady State Problems
- 11 Time-Accurate Methods for Unsteady Flow
- 12 Energy Stability for Nonlinear Problems
- 13 High order Methods for Structured Meshes
- 14 High Order Methods for Unstructured Meshes
- 15 Aerodynamic Shape Optimization
- Appendix A Vector and Function Spaces
- Appendix B Approximation Theory
- Appendix C Polynomial Interpolation, Differentiation, and Integration
- Appendix D Potential Flow Methods
- Appendix E Fundamental Stability Theory II
- Appendix F Turbulence Models
- References
- Index
- Plates
Summary
This chapter reviews the formulation and application of optimization techniques based on control theory for aerodynamic shape design in both inviscid and viscous compressible flow. The theory is applied to a system defined by the partial differential equations of the flow, with the boundary shape acting as the control. The Frechet derivative of the cost function is determined via the solution of an adjoint partial differential equation, and the boundary shape is then modified in a direction of descent. This process is repeated until an optimal solution is approached. Each design cycle requires the numerical solution of both the flow and the adjoint equations, leading to a computational cost roughly equal to the cost of two flow solutions. Representative results are presented for viscous optimization of transonic wing–body combinations.
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- Information
- Computational Aerodynamics , pp. 465 - 495Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2022