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11 - Collateral Consequences of Criminal Conviction in the United States and Germany

from Part III - Criminal Justice

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 February 2022

By
Alessandro Corda  and
Johannes Kaspar
Edited by
Kai Ambos ,
Antony Duff ,
Alexander Heinze ,
Julian Roberts  and
Thomas Weigend
Kai Ambos
Affiliation:
Judge Kosovo Specialist Chambers, The Hague
Antony Duff
Affiliation:
University of Stirling
Alexander Heinze
Affiliation:
Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany
Julian Roberts
Affiliation:
University of Oxford
Thomas Weigend
Affiliation:
University of Cologne (Emeritus)
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Summary

In addition to traditional criminal sanctions, a criminal conviction can trigger a wide variety of supplementary ramifications, further burdening individuals found guilty of a criminal offence. These have become known, especially in the United States, as ‘collateral consequences’ of conviction. The label is used, in particular, to refer to those civil sanctions and disabilities – that is, not formally designated as criminal punishment – activated by a criminal conviction, but not forming part of the direct consequences of it. Examples of collateral consequences include disenfranchisement, denial of government benefits, deportation, licensing or employment restrictions in a variety of occupations, and, for certain sexual offences, registration on a sex offender registry.

Type
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Information
Core Concepts in Criminal Law and Criminal Justice , pp. 392 - 437
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2022

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