References

Steve Chan

doi:10.1017/9781009465540.007

Abdollahian, Mark, Kang, Kyungkook, and Thomas, John. (2012). “The Politics of Economic Growth.” In Kugler, Jacek and Tammen, Ronald L., eds., The Performance of Nations. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, pp. 56–78.Google Scholar

Abell, John D. (1994). “Military Spending and Income Inequality.” Journal of Peace Research 31(1): 35–43.Google Scholar

Acemoglu, Daron, and Robinson, James A.. (2012). Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity, and Poverty. New York: Crown.Google Scholar

Allan, Bentley, Vucetic, Srdjan, and Hopf, Ted. (2018). “The Distribution of Identity and the Future of International Order: China’s Hegemonic Prospects.” International Organization 72(4): 839–869.Google Scholar

Allison, Graham. (2017). Destined for War: Can America and China Escape Thucydides’s Trap? Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.Google Scholar

Arbetman, Marina, and Kugler, Jacek, eds. (2018). “The Myth of the Liberal Order: From Historical Accident to Conventional Wisdom.” Foreign Affairs 97(4): 124–133.Google Scholar

Almond, Gabriel, and Verba, Sidney. (1963). The Civic Culture: Political Attitudes and Democracy in Five Countries. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Alwin, Duane F. (1986). “Religion and Parental Child-Rearing Orientations: Evidence of a Catholic-Protestant Convergence.” American Journal of Sociology 92(2): 412–440.Google Scholar

Amsden, Alice A. (1989). Asia’s Next Giant: South Korea and Late Industrialization. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar

Arbetman, Marina, and Kugler, Jacek, eds. (1997). Political Capacity and Economic Behavior. Boulder, CO: Westview.Google Scholar

Arbetman-Rabinowitz, Marina, Kugler, Jacek, Abdollahian, Mark, Kang, Kyungkook, Nelson, Hal T., and Tammen, Ronald L.. (2012). “Political Performance.” In Kugler, Jacek and Tammen, Ronald L., eds., The Performance of Nations. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, pp. 19–54.Google Scholar

Babin, Nehama. (1989). “Military Spending, Economic Growth, and the Time Factor.” Armed Forces and Society 15(2): 249–262.Google Scholar

Babin, Nehama. (1990). “Military Expenditure and Education: Allies or Adversaries in Third World Development?” Journal of Political and Military Sociology 18(2): 267–283.Google Scholar

Baldwin, David A. (1979). “Power Analysis and World Politics: New Trends versus Old Tendencies.” World Politics 31(2): 161–194.Google Scholar

Baldwin, David A. (2016). Power and International Politics: A Conceptual Approach. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Ball, Nicole. (1983). “Defence and Development: A Critique of the Benoit Study.” In Tuomi, Helena and Vayrynen, Raimo, eds., Militarization and Arms Production. New York: St. Martin’s, pp. 39–56.Google Scholar

Banfield, Edward. (1958). The Moral Basis of a Backward Society. Chicago, IL: Free Press.Google Scholar

Baran, Paul, and Sweezy, Paul M.. (1966). Monopoly Capital. New York: Monthly Review Press.Google Scholar

Barnett, Michael, and Duvall, Raymond. (2005). “Power in International Politics.” International Organization 59(1): 471–506.Google Scholar

Barro, Robert. (2001). “Human Capital and Growth.” American Economic Review 91(2): 12–17.Google Scholar

Bates, Robert H. (1981). Markets and States in Tropical Africa: The Political Basis of Agricultural Policies. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar

Bates, Robert H. (1989). Beyond the Miracle of the Market: The Political Economy of Agrarian Development in Kenya. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Baumgartner, Frank, and Jones, Bryan D.. (1993). Agendas and Instability in American Politics. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar

Beckley, Michael. (2011–2012). “China’s Century? Why America’s Edge Will Endure.” International Security 36(3): 41–78.Google Scholar

Beckley, Michael. (2018). “The Power of Nations: Measuring What Matters.” International Security 43(2): 7–44.CrossRef Google Scholar

Bellah, Robert. (1957). Tokugawa Religion: The Values of Pre-Industrial Japan. Glencoe, IL: Free Press.Google Scholar

Benoit, Emile. (1972a). “Growth Effects of Defense in Developing Countries.” International Development Review 14(1): 2–10.Google Scholar

Benoit, Emile. (1972b). “A Rejoinder to Professor Dorfman’s Comment.” International Development Review 14(1): 12–14.Google Scholar

Benoit, Emile. (1973). Defense and Economic Growth in Developing Countries. Lexington, MA: Heath.Google Scholar

Benoit, Emile. (1978). “Growth and Defense in Developing Countries.” Economic Development and Cultural Change 26(2): 271–280.Google Scholar

Berger, Peter L. (1988). “An East Asian Developmental Model?” In Berger, Peter L. and Hsiao, Hsin-Huang Michael, eds., In Search of an East Asian Development Model. Piscataway, NJ: Transaction Publishers, pp. 3–11.Google Scholar

Biersteker, Thomas J. (1987). Multinationals, the State, and Control of the Nigerian Economy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Biswas, Basudeb, and Ram, Rati. (1986). “Military Expenditures and Economic Growth in Less Developed Countries.” Economic Development and Cultural Change 34(2): 361–371.Google Scholar

Bobrow, Davis B. (1969). “Chinese Communist Response to Alternative U.S. Continental Defense Postures.” In Bobrow, Davis B., ed., Weapons System Decisions: Political and Psychological Perspectives on Continental Defense. New York: Praeger, pp. 151–213.Google Scholar

Bobrow, Davis B., Chan, Steve, and Kringen, John A.. (1979). Understanding Foreign Policy Decisions: The Chinese Case. New York: Free Press.Google Scholar

Boudon, Raymond, and Bourricaud, Francois. (1989). A Critical Dictionary of Sociology. London: Routledge.Google Scholar

Boulding, Kenneth E. (1962). Conflict and Defense: A General Theory. New York: Harper.Google Scholar

Brook, Timothy, and Luong, Hy V., eds. (1997). Culture and Economy: The Shaping of Capitalism in Eastern Asia. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.Google Scholar

Brooks, Stephen G., and Wohlforth, William C.. (2000–2001). “Power, Globalization, and the End of the Cold War: Reevaluating a Landmark Case for Ideas.” International Security 25(3): 5–53.CrossRef Google Scholar

Brooks, Stephen G., and Wohlforth, William C.. (2016a). “The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers in the Twenty-First Century: China’s Rise and the Fate of America’s Global Position.” International Security 40(3): 7–53.Google Scholar

Brooks, Stephen G., and Wohlforth, William C.. (2016b). America Abroad: The United States’ Global Role in the 21st Century. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Brown, Elizabeth N. (2022). “Most Americans Think Government Is Corrupt, a Third Say Armed Revolution ‘May Be Necessary’ Soon.” Reason, July 25. https://reason.com/2022/07/25/most-americans-think-government-is-corrupt-a-third-say-armed-revolution-may-be-necessary-soon/.Google Scholar

Brzoska, Michael, and Wulf, Herbert. (1978). Military Spending in Less Developed Countries, Boost or Burden for the Economy? Study Group on Armament and Underdevelopment, University of Hamburg, mimeograph.Google Scholar

Bueno de Mesquita, Bruce, and Smith, Alastair. (2012). The Dictator’s Handbook: Why Bad Behavior Is Almost Always Good Politics. New York: PublicAffairs.Google Scholar

Bueno de Mesquita, Bruce, Smith, Alastair, Siverson, Randolph M., and Morrow, James D.. (2003). The Logic of Political Survival. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.Google Scholar

Burkhart, Ross E., and Lewis-Beck, Michael S.. (1994). “Comparative Democracy: The Economic Development Thesis.” American Political Science Review 88(4): 903–910.Google Scholar

Buzan, Barry. (2004). The United States and the Great Powers: World Politics in the Twenty-First Century. Cambridge: Polity Press.Google Scholar

Callahan, William A. (2008). “Chinese Views of World Order: Post-Hegemonic or a New Hegemon?” International Studies Review 10(4): 749–761.Google Scholar

Cappelen, Adne, Gleditsch, Nils P., and Bjerkholt, Olav. (1984). “Military Spending and Economic Growth in the OECD Countries.” Journal of Peace Research 21(4): 361–373.Google Scholar

Caputo, David A. (1975). “New Perspectives on the Public Policy Implications of Defense and Welfare Expenditures in Four Modern Democracies: 1950–1970.” Policy Sciences 6: 423–444.Google Scholar

Chan, Steve. (1988). “Defense Burden and Economic Growth: Unravelling the Taiwan Enigma.” American Political Science Review 82(3): 913–920.Google Scholar

Chan, Steve. (1992). “Defense, Welfare, and Growth: Introduction.” In Chan, Steve and Mintz, Alex, eds., Defense, Welfare, and Growth: Perspectives and Evidence. London: Routledge, pp. 1–20.Google Scholar

Chan, Steve. (1993). East Asian Dynamism: Growth, Order, and Security in the Pacific Region. Boulder, CO: Westview.Google Scholar

Chan, Steve. (2008). “Chinese Political Attitudes and Values in Comparative Context: Cautionary Remarks on Cultural Attributions.” Journal of Chinese Political Science 13(3): 225–248.Google Scholar

Chan, Steve. (2017). Trust and Distrust in Sino-American Relations: Challenge and Opportunity. Amherst, NY: Cambria Press.Google Scholar

Chan, Steve. (2019). “More Than One Trap: Problematic Interpretations and Overlooked Lessons from Thucydides.” Journal of Chinese Political Science 24(1): 11–24.Google Scholar

Chan, Steve. (2020). Thucydides’s Trap? Historical Interpretation, Logic of Inquiry, and the Future of Sino-American Relations. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.Google Scholar

Chan, Steve. (2021). “Why Thucydides’ Trap Misinforms Sino-American Relations.” Vestnik RUDN, International Relations 21(2): 234–242.Google Scholar

Chan, Steve. (2023). Rumbles of Thunder: Power Shifts and the Danger of Sino-American War. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar

Chan, Steve, and Clark, Cal. (1992). Flexibility, Foresight, and Fortuna in Taiwan’s Development. London: Routledge.Google Scholar

Chan, Steve, and Mintz, Alex, eds. (1992). Defense, Welfare, and Growth: Perspectives and Evidence. London: Routledge.Google Scholar

Chatterjee Miller, Manjari. (2016). “The Role of Beliefs in Identifying Rising Powers.” Chinese Journal of International Politics 9(2): 211–238.CrossRef Google Scholar

Chatterjee Miller, Manjari. (2021). Why Nations Rise: Narratives and the Path to Great Power. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Christensen, Thomas J. (1996). Useful Adversaries: Grand Strategy, Domestic Mobilization, and Sino-American Conflict, 1947–1958. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Chua, Amy. (2007). Day of Empire: How Hyperpowers Rise to Global Dominance – and Why They Fell. New York: Doubleday.Google Scholar

Chua, Amy. (2011). Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother. New York: Penguin.Google Scholar

Chua, Amy, and Rubenfeld, Jed. (2014). The Triple Package: How Three Unlikely Traits Explain the Rise and Fall of Cultural Groups in America. New York: Penguin.Google Scholar

Chang, Ha-Joon. (2002). Kicking Away the Ladder: Development Strategy in Historical Perspective. London: Anthem Press.Google Scholar

Cioffi-Revilla, Claudio. (1998). “The Political Uncertainty of Interstate Rivalries: A Punctuated Equilibrium Model.” In Diehl, Paul, ed., The Dynamics of Enduring Rivalries. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, pp. 64–97.Google Scholar

Cipolla, Carlo M. (1970a). “Editor’s Introduction.” In Cipolla, Carlo M., ed., The Economic Decline of Empires. London: Methuen, pp. 1–15.Google Scholar

Cipolla, Carlo M., ed., (1970b). The Economic Decline of Empires. London: Methuen.Google Scholar

Cipolla, Carlo M. (1972). “The Diffusion of Innovations in Early Modern Europe.” Comparative Studies in Society and History 14(1): 46–52.Google Scholar

Clay, Ian, and Atkinson, Robert. (2023). Wake Up, America, China Is Overtaking the United States in Innovation Output. Washington, DC: Information Technology and Innovation Foundation. https://itif.org/publications/2023/01/23/wake-up-america-china-is-overtaking-the-united-states-in-innovation-capacity/.Google Scholar

Clayton, James L. (1976). “The Fiscal Limits of the Warfare-Welfare State: Defense and Welfare Spending in the United States since 1900.” Western Political Quarterly 29(3): 364–383.Google Scholar

Cline, Ray S. (2002). The Power of Nations in the 1990s: A Strategic Assessment. Lanham, MD: University Press of America.Google Scholar

Colaresi, Michael. (2005). Scare Tactics: The Politics of International Rivalry. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press.Google Scholar

Copeland, Dale C. (2000). The Origins of Major War. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar

Costa-Font, Joan, Giuliano, Paola, and Ozcan, Berkay. (2018). “The Cultural Origin of Saving Behavior.” PloS One 13(9): e0202290.Google Scholar

Cummings, Bruce. (1984). “The Origin and Development of the Northeast Asian Political Economy: Industrial Sectors, Product Cycles, and Political Consequences.” International Organization 38(1): 1–40.Google Scholar

Dabelko, David, and McCormick, James M.. (1977). “Opportunity Costs of Defense: Some Cross-National Evidence.” Journal of Peace Research 14(2): 145–154.Google Scholar

Dabelko, David, and McCormick, James M.. (1984). “Response to Lyttkens and Vedovato.” Journal of Peace Research 21(4): 395–397.Google Scholar

Dahl, Robert. (1957). “The Concept of Power.” Behavioral Science 2(3): 201–215.Google Scholar

Dalton, Russell J., and Ong, Nhu-Ngoct. (2005). “Authoritarian Orientations and Democratic Attitudes: A Test of the ‘Asian Values’ Hypothesis.” Japanese Journal of Political Science 6(2): 1–21.Google Scholar

Dalton, Russell J., and Shin, Doh Chull. (2006). “Democratic Aspirations and Social Modernization.” In Dalton, Russell J. and Shin, Don Chull, eds., Citizens, Democracy, and Markets around the Pacific Rim: Congruence Theory and Political Culture. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 75–96.Google Scholar

Danzman, Sarah B., Oatley, Thomas, and Winecoff, William K.. (2017). “All Crises Are Global: Capital Cycles in an Imbalanced International Political Economy.” International Studies Quarterly 61(4): 907–923.Google Scholar

Davis, David R., and Chan, Steve. (1990). “The Security-Welfare Relationship: Longitudinal Evidence from Taiwan.” Journal of Peace Research 27(1): 87–100.Google Scholar

de Tocqueville, Alexis. (2000 [1835]) (Translated by Harvey C. Mansfield and Delba Winthrop). Democracy in America. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar

Deger, Saadet. (1986). Military Expenditure in Third World Countries: The Economic Effects. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.Google Scholar

Deger, Saadet, and Smith, Ron. (1983). Military Expenditure and Growth in Less Developed Countries.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 27(2): 335–353.Google Scholar

Deger, Saadet, and Sen, Somnath. (1983 “Military Expenditure, Spin-Off and Economic Development.” Journal of Development Economics 13(1–2): 67–83.Google Scholar

Deyo, Frederic C. (1981). Dependent Development and Industrial Order: An Asian Case Study. New York: Praeger.Google Scholar

Deyo, Frederic C., ed. (1987). The Political Economy of New Asian Industrialism. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar

Diamond, Jared. (2004). Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed. New York: Penguin Books.Google Scholar

Diamond, Jared. (2017). Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fate of Human Societies. New York: Norton.Google Scholar

Diamond, Jared. (2019). Upheaval: Turning Points for Nations in Crisis. New York: Little, Brown.Google Scholar

Dixon, William J., and Moon, Bruce E.. (1986). “The Military Burden and Basic Human Needs.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 30(4): 660–684.Google Scholar

Domke, William K., Eichenberg, Richard C., and Kelleher, Catherine M.. (1983). “The Illusion of Choice: Defense and Welfare in Advanced Industrial Democracies, 1948–1978.” American Political Science Review 77(1): 19–35.Google Scholar

Doner, Richard F. (1991). Driving a Bargain: Automobile Industrialization and Japanese Firms in Southeast Asia. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar

Dorfman, Robert. (1972). “A Comment on Professor Benoit’s ‘Conundrum.’” International Development Review 14(1): 10–12.Google Scholar

Doucouliagos, Hristos, and Ulubasoglu, Mehmet Ali. (2008). “Democracy and Economic Growth: A Meta-Analysis.” American Political Science Review 52(1): 61–83.Google Scholar

Dumas, Lloyd J. (1977). “Economic Conversion, Productive Efficiency and Social Welfare.” Journal of Sociology and Social Welfare 4(8): Article 29.Google Scholar

Dumas, Lloyd J. (1980). “The Impact of the Military Budget on the Domestic Economy.” Current Research on Peace and Violence 3(2): 73–84.Google Scholar

Durkheim, Emile. (1951 [1987]) (Translated by John A. Spaulding and George Simpson). Suicide: A Study in Sociology. Glencoe, IL: Free Press.Google Scholar

Eckstein, Harry. (1998). “Congruence Theory Explained.” In Eckstein, Harry, Fleron, Frederic J., Jr., Erik, P. Hoffmann, and Reisinger, William, eds., Can Democracy Take Root in Post-Soviet Russia? Explanations in State-Society Relations. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, pp. 3–33.Google Scholar

Eichenberg, Richard C. (1992). “Do We Yet Know Who Pays for Defense?” In Chan, Steve and Mintz, Alex, eds., Defense, Welfare, and Growth: Perspectives and Evidence. London: Routledge, pp. 231–241.Google Scholar

Engelke, Peter, and Weinstein, Emily. (2023). “Assessing China’s Approach to Technological Competition with the United States.” Atlantic Council, April 23. www.atlanticcouncil.org/content-series/strategic-insights-memos/assessing-chinas-approach-to-technological-competition-with-the-united-states/?mkt_tok = NjU5LVdaWC0wNzUAAAGLaBzDR8fmxkc-i9Dmd8tlcHewzAaJmGfkpm1bzmBe4JIb_5B8Q_qiz9QkzifvYx6AqSfXuC9ysM9JF5VAP6j23rbvB3ihOHYRdVd63YItcgUL.Google Scholar

Evans, Peter. (1995). Embedded Autonomy: States and Industrial Transformation. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Faini, Ricardo, Arnez, Patricia, and Taylor, Lance. (1984). “Defense Spending, Economic Structure, and Growth: Evidence among Countries and over Time.” Economic Development and Cultural Change 32(3): 487–498.Google Scholar

Farrel, Henry, and Newman, Abraham L.. (2019). “Weaponized Interdependence: How Global Economic Networks Shape State Coercion.” International Security 44(1): 42–79.Google Scholar

Feuerwerker, Albert. (1996). Studies in the Economic History of Late Imperial China: Handicraft, Modern Industry, and the State. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.Google Scholar

Fischhoff, Baruch. (1975). “Hindsight Is Not Equal to Foresight: The Effect of Outcome Knowledge on Judgment on Uncertainty.” Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 3(1): 288–299.Google Scholar

Fischhoff, Baruch, and Beyth, Ruth. (1975). “I Knew It Would Happen: Remembered Probabilities of Once-Future Things.” Organizational Behavior and Human Performance 13(1): 1–16.Google Scholar

Flynn, James R. (1987). “Massive IQ Gains in 14 Nations: What IQ Tests Really Measure.” Psychological Bulletin 101(20): 171–191.Google Scholar

Frederiksen, Peter C., and Looney, Robert E.. (1983). “Defense Expenditures and Economic Growth in Developing Countries.” Armed Forces and Society 9(4): 633–645.Google Scholar

Fukuyama, Francis. (1992). The End of History and the Last Man. New York: Free Press.Google Scholar

Fukuyama, Francis. (2014). Political Order and Political Decay: From Industrial Revolution to the Globalization of Democracy. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux.Google Scholar

Fukuyama, Francis. (2020). “The Pandemic and the Political Order: It Takes a State.” Foreign Affairs (July/August): no page numbers. www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/world/2020-06-09/pandemic-and-political-order.Google Scholar

Gallup, John Luke, Sachs, Jeffrey D., and Mellinger, Andrew D.. (1999). “Geography and Economic Development.” International Regional Science Review 22(2): 179–232.Google Scholar

Gates, Henry Louis, Jr. (2010). “America Beyond Color Lines.” In Ellis, Catherine and Smith, Stephen Drury, eds., Say It Loud! Great Speeches on Civil Rights and African American Identity. New York: New Press, pp. 221–238.Google Scholar

Gereffi, Gary. (1983). The Pharmaceutical Industry and Dependency in the Third World. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Gereffi, Gary, and Wyman, Donald L., eds. (1990). Manufacturing Miracles: Paths of Industrialization in Latin America and East Asia. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Gerschenkron, Alexander. (1966). Economic Backwardness in Historical Perspective. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar

Gibbon, Edward. (2000). The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. London: Penguin Books.Google Scholar

Gilpin, Robert. (1981). War and Change in World Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Gilpin, Robert. (1987). The Political Economy of International Relations. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Gleditsch, Nils P., Bjerkholt, Olav, and Cappelen, Adne. (1988). “Military R&D and Economic Growth in Industrialized Market Economies.” In Wallenstein, Peter, ed., Peace Research: Achievements and Challenges. Boulder, CO: Westview, pp. 198–215.Google Scholar

Gold, David. (1990). The Impact of Defense Spending on Investment, Productivity and Economic Growth. Defense Budge Report. Washington, DC, monograph.Google Scholar

Gold, Thomas B. (1986). State and Society in the Taiwan Miracle. Armon, NY: Sharpe.Google Scholar

Goldsmith, Benjamin E. (2003). “Bearing the Defense Burden, 1886–1989: Why Spend More?” Journal of Conflict Resolution 47(5): 551–573.Google Scholar

Goldstone, Jack. A. (2002). “Efflorescences and Economic Growth in World History: Rethinking the ‘Rise of the West’ and the Industrial Revolution.” Journal of World History 13(2): 323–389.Google Scholar

Gordon, Robert J. (2002). “The United States.” In Steil, Benn, Victor, David G., and Nelson, Richard R., eds., Technological Innovation and Economic Performance. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, pp. 49–73.Google Scholar

Gorodnichenko, Yuriy, and Roland, Gerard. (2011). “Which Dimensions of Culture Matter for Long-Run Growth?” American Economic Review 101(3): 492–498.Google Scholar

Greif, Avner, and Tabellini, Guido. (2017). “The Clan and the City: Sustaining Cooperation in China and Europe.” Journal of Contemporary Economics 45(10): 1–35.Google Scholar

Grieco, Joseph M. (1988). “Anarchy and the Limits of Cooperation: A Realist Critique of the Newest Liberal Institutionalism.” International Organization 42(3): 485–507.Google Scholar

Grobar, Lisa M., and Porter, Richard C.. (1989). “Benoit Revisited: Defense Spending and Economic Growth in LDCs.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 33(2): 318–345.Google Scholar

Guiso, Luigi, Sapienza, Paola, and Zingales, Luigi. (2006). “Does Culture Affect Economic Outcomes?” Journal of Economic Perspectives 20(2): 23–48.Google Scholar

Hagan, Everett E. (1972). “An Observation on the Benoit and Dorfman Analyses.” International Development Review 14(1): 14–15.Google Scholar

Haggard, Stephan. (1990). Pathways from Periphery: The Politics of Growth in the Newly Industrializing Countries. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press,Google Scholar

Haggard, Stephan, and Moon, Chung-in, eds. (1989). Pacific Dynamics: The International Politics of Industrial Change. Boulder, CO: Westview.Google Scholar

Hamilton, Gary G., and Kao, Cheng-shu. (1987). “Max Weber and the Analysis of East Asian Industrialization.” International Sociology 2(3): 289–300.Google Scholar

Hanushek, Eric A., and Kimko, Dennis D.. (2000). “Schooling, Labor Force Quality, and the Growth of Nations.” American Economic Review 90(5): 1184–1208.Google Scholar

Hanushek, Eric A., and Woessmann, Ludger. (2012). “Do Better Schools Lead to More Growth? Cognitive Skills, Economic Outcomes, and Causation.” Journal of Economic Growth 17(4): 267–321.Google Scholar

Harris, Marvin. (1966). “The Cultural Ecology of India’s Sacred Cow.” Current Anthropology 7(1): 51–60.Google Scholar

Harris, Marvin. (1977). Cannibals and Kings: The Origins of Cultures. New York: Random House.Google Scholar

Harris, Marvin. (1978). Cows, Pigs, Wars, and Witches: The Riddles of Culture. New York: Random House.Google Scholar

Harrison, Lawrence E. (1985). Underdevelopment Is a State of Mind: The Latin American Case. Lanham, MD: Madison Books,Google Scholar

Harrison, Lawrence E. (1992). Who Prospers? How Cultural Values Shape Economic and Political Success. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar

Hart, Jeffrey. (1976). “Three Approaches to the Measurement of Power in International Relations.” International Organization 30(2): 289–305.Google Scholar

Hawes, Gary. (1987). The Philippine State and the Marcos Regime: The Politics of Export. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar

Haynes, Kyle, Thompson, William R., MacDonald, Paul K., and Parent, Joseph M.. (2012). “Correspondence: Decline and Retrenchment – Peril or Promise.” International Security 36(4): 189–203.Google Scholar

Herrnstein, Richard J., and Murray, Charles. (1994). The Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life. New York: Free Press.Google Scholar

Hewison, Kevin. (1989). Bankers and Bureaucrats: Capital and the Role of the State in Thailand. New Haven, CT: Yale University Southeast Asian Study.Google Scholar

Ho, Ping-ti. (1962). The Ladder of Success in Imperial China: Aspects of Social Mobility, 1368–1911. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar

Hofstede, Geert, and Bond, Michael Harris. (1988). “The Confucian Connection: From Cultural Roots to Economic Growth.” Organizational Dynamics 16(4): 5–21.Google Scholar

Hofstede, Geert, Hofstrede, Gert Jan, and Minkov, Michael. (2010). Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind. 3rd edition. New York: McGraw Hill.Google Scholar

Hofstede, Geert, and Minkov, Michael. (2013). Value Survey Module 2013 Manual. https://geerthofstrede.com/research-and-vsm/vsm-2013.Google Scholar

Hollenhorst, Jerry, and Ault, Gary. (1971). “An Alternative Answer to: ‘Who Pays for Defense?’” American Political Science Review 65(3): 760–763.Google Scholar

Holt, Robert T., and Turner, John E.. (1966). The Political Basis of Economic Development: An Exploration in Comparative Political Analysis. New York: Van Nostrand.Google Scholar

Hopewell, Kristen. (2021). “Strategic Narratives in Global Trade Politics: American Hegemony, Free Trade, and the Hidden Hand of the State.” Chinese Journal of International Politics 14(1): 51–86.Google Scholar

Hsin, Amy, and Xie, Yu. (2014). “Explaining Asian Americans’ ‘Academic Advantage over Whites.’” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 111(23): 8416–8421.Google Scholar

Huisken, Ron. (1983). “Armament and Development.” In Tuomi, Helena and Vayrynen, Raimo, eds., Militarization and Arms Production. New York: St. Martin’s, pp. 3–25.Google Scholar

Huntington, Samuel P. (1968). Political Order in Changing Societies. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar

Huntington, Samuel P. (1996). The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order. New York: Simon & Schuster.Google Scholar

Huntington, Samuel P. (2004). Who Are We? The Challenges to America’s National Identity. New York: Simon & Schuster.Google Scholar

Huntington, Samuel P., and Nelson, Joan M.. (1976). No Easy Choice: Political Participation in Developing Countries. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar

Ikenberry, G. John. (2001). After Victory: Institutions, Strategic Restraint, and the Rebuilding of Order after Major Wars. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Ikenberry, G. John. (2008). “The Rise of China and the Future of the West: Can the Liberal System Survive?” Foreign Affairs 87(1): 23–37.Google Scholar

Ikenberry, G. John. (2011). “The Future of the Liberal World Order: Internationalism after America.” Foreign Affairs 90(3): 56–68.Google Scholar

Ikenberry, G. John. (2012). Liberal Leviathan: The Origins, Crisis, and Transformation of the American World Order. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Ikenberry, G. John. (2017). “The Plot against American Foreign Policy: Can the Liberal Order Survive?” Foreign Affairs 96(3): 1–7.Google Scholar

Inglehart, Ronald. (1990). Culture Shift in Advanced Industrial Society. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Inglehart, Ronald. (1997). Modernization and Postmodernization: Cultural, Economic, and Political Change in 43 Societies. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Inglehart, Ronald. (2000). “Culture and Democracy.” In Harrison, Lawrence E. and Huntington, Samuel P., eds., Culture Matters: How Values Shape Human Progress. New York: Basic Books, pp. 80–97.Google Scholar

Inglehart, Ronald, ed., (2004). Human Values and Social Change: Findings from the Value Surveys. Leiden: Brill.Google Scholar

Inglehart, Ronald. (2018). Cultural Evolution: People’s Motivations Are Changing and Reshaping the World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Inglehart, Ronald, and Baker, Wayne E.. (2000). “Modernization, Cultural Change, and the Persistence of Traditional Values.” American Sociological Review 65(1): 19–51.Google Scholar

Inglehart, Ronald, Basanez, Miguel, Diez-Medrano, Jaime, Halman, Loek, and Luijkx, Ruud. (2004). Human Beliefs and Values: A Cross-Cultural Sourcebook Based on the 1999–2002 Value Surveys. Mexico City: Siglo Veintiuno Editor’s.Google Scholar

Inglehart, Ronald, and Welzel, Christian. (2005). Modernization, Cultural Change, and Democracy: The Human Development Sequence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Jesudason, James V. (1989). Ethnicity and the Economy: The State, Chinese Business, and Multinationals in Malaysia. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Johnson, Chalmers. (1982). MITI and the Japanese Miracle. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar

Johnson, Paul M., and Wells, Robert A.. (1986). “Soviet Military and Civilian Resource Allocation, 1951–1980.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 30(2): 195–219.Google Scholar

Johnston, Alastair I. (1995). Cultural Realism: Strategic Culture and Grand Strategy in Chinese History. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Jones, Eric L. (1981). The European Miracle: Environments, Economies and Geopolitics in the History of Europe and Asia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Jones, Leroy, and Sakong, Il. (1980). Government, Business, and Entrepreneurship in Economic Development: The Korean Case. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar

Kagan, Donald. (1969). The Outbreak of the Peloponnesian War. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar

Kahn, Herman. (1993). “The Confucian Ethic and Economic Growth.” In Seligson, Mitchell A. and Passe-Smith, John T., eds., Development and Underdevelopment: The Political Economy of Inequality. Boulder, CO: Rienner, pp. 169–171.Google Scholar

Kaldor, Mary. (1976). “The Military in Development.” World Development 4(6): 459–482.Google Scholar

Kang, David C. (2007). China Rising: Peace, Power, and Order in East Asia. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar

Kang, David C. (2010). “Hierarchy and Legitimacy in International Systems: The Tribute System in Early Modern East Asia.” Security Studies 19(4): 591–622.Google Scholar

Kang, David C. (2012). East Asia before the West: Five Centuries of Trade and Tribute. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar

Kang, David C. (2020). “International Order in Historical East Asia: Tribute and Hierarchy beyond Sinocentrism and Eurocentrism.” International Organization 74(1): 65–93.Google Scholar

Kaysen, Carl. (1990). “Is War Obsolete? A Review Essay.” International Security 14(4): 42–64.Google Scholar

Kennedy, Paul. (1987). The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers: Economic Change and Military Conflict from 1500 to 2000. New York: Random House.Google Scholar

Keohane, Robert O., and Nye, Joseph S., Jr. (1977). Power and Interdependence: World Politics in Transition. Boston, MA: Little Brown.Google Scholar

Kick, Edward, and Sharda, Bam Dev. (1986). “Third World Militarization and Development.” Journal of Developing Societies 2: 49–67.Google Scholar

Kohli, Atul. (2004). State-Directed Development: Political Power and Industrialization in the Global Periphery. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Krause, Lawrence B. (1988). “Hong Kong and Singapore: Twins or Kissing Cousins?” Economic Development and Cultural Change 36(3): S45–S66.Google Scholar

Krugman, Paul. (1994). “The Myth of Asia’s Miracle.” Foreign Affairs 73(2): 62–78.Google Scholar

Kugler, Jacek, and Arbetman, Marina. (1989). “Choosing among Measures of Power: A Review of the Empirical Record.” In Stoll, Richard J. and Ward, Michael D., eds., Power in World Politics. Boulder, CO: Rienner, pp. 49–78.Google Scholar

Kugler, Jacek, and Domke, William. (1986). “Comparing the Strengths of Nations.” Comparative Political Studies 19(1): 39–69.Google Scholar

Kugler, Jacek, and Tammen, Ronald L., eds. (2012). The Performance of Nations. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.Google Scholar

Kugler, Jacek, Tammen, Ronald L., and Thomas, John. (2012). “How Political Performance Impacts Conflict and Growth.” In Kugler, Jacek and Tammen, Ronald L., eds., The Performance of Nations. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, pp. 79–96.Google Scholar

Kupchan, Charles A., and Trubowitz, Peter L.. (2007). “Dead Center: The Demise of Liberal Internationalism in the United States.” International Security 32(2): 7–44.Google Scholar

Kupchan, Charles A., and Trubowitz, Peter L.. (2010). “The Illusion of Liberal Internationalism’s Revival.” International Security 35(1): 95–109.Google Scholar

Kupchan, Charles A., and Trubowitz, Peter L.. (2021). “The Home Front: Why an Internationalist Foreign Policy Needs a Stronger Domestic Foundation.” Foreign Affairs, May–June. www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/united-states/2021-04-20/foreign-policy-home-front.Google Scholar

Landes, David S. (1969). The Unbound Prometheus: Technological Change and Economic Development in Western Europe from 1750 to the Present. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Landes, David S. (1998). The Wealth and Poverty of Nations: Why Some Are So Rich and Some Are So Poor. New York: Norton.Google Scholar

Landes, David S. (2000). “Culture Makes Almost All the Difference.” In Harrison, Lawrence E. and Huntington, Samuel P., eds., Culture Matters: How Values Shape Human Progress. New York: Basic Books, pp. 2–13.Google Scholar

Lebovic, James H., and Ishaq, Ashfaq. (1987). “Military Burden, Security Needs, and Economic Growth in the Middle East.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 31(1): 106–138.Google Scholar

Lebow, R. Ned, and Valentino, Benjamin. (2009). “Lost in Transition: A Critical Analysis of Power Transition Theory.” International Relations 23(3): 389–410.Google Scholar

Lenski, Gerhard. (1963). The Religious Factor. New York: Anchor-Doubleday.Google Scholar

Levine, Ross, and Renelt, David. (1992). “A Sensitivity Analysis of Cross-Country Growth Regressions.” American Economic Review 82(4): 942–963.Google Scholar

Levy, Jack S. (2008). “Preventive War and Democratic Politics.” International Studies Quarterly 52(1): 1–24.CrossRef Google Scholar

Levy, Jack S., and Thompson, William R.. (2006). “Hegemonic Threats and Great-Power Balancing in Europe, 1495–1999.” Security Studies 14(1): 1–33.Google Scholar

Levy, Jack S., and Thompson, William R.. (2010a). Causes of War. West Sussex, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.Google Scholar

Levy, Jack S., and Thompson, William R.. (2010b). “Balancing on Land and at Sea: Do States Ally against the Leading Global Power?” International Security 35(1): 7–43.Google Scholar

Levy, Jack S., and Thompson, William R.. (2011). The Arc of War: Origins, Escalation, and Transformation. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar

Levy, Marion J. Jr. (1954). “Contrasting Factors in the Modernization of China and Japan.” Economic Development and Cultural Change 2(3): 161–197.Google Scholar

Lim, David. (1983). “Another Look at Growth and Defense in Less Developed Countries.” Economic Development and Cultural Change 31(2): 377–384.Google Scholar

Lin, Justin Yifu. (1995). “The Needham Puzzle: Why the Industrial Revolution Did Not Originate in China.” Economic Development and Cultural Change 43(2): 269–292.Google Scholar

Lin, Justin Yifu. (2014). The Quest for Prosperity: How Developing Economies Can Take Off. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Lindgren, Goran. (1984). “Armaments and Economic Performance in Industrialized Market Economies.” Journal of Peace Research 21(40): 375–387.Google Scholar

Lipset, Seymour M. (1996). American Exceptionalism: A Double-Edged Sword. New York: Norton.Google Scholar

Lipset, Seymour M., and Lenz, Gabriel S.. (2000). “Corruption, Culture, and Markets.” In Harrison, Lawrence E. and Huntington, Samuel P., eds., Culture Matters: How Values Shape Human Progress. New York: Basic Books, pp. 112–124.Google Scholar

Lobell, Steven E. (2006). “The Political Economy of War Mobilization: From Britain’s Limited Liability to a Continental Commitment.” International Politics 43(3): 283–304.Google Scholar

Lobell, Steven E., Ripsman, Norrin M., and Taliaferro, Jeffrey W., eds. (2009). Neoclassical Realism, the State, and Foreign Policy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Lukes, Steven. (1975). Power: A Radical View. Houndmills, England: MacMillan.Google Scholar

Lynn, Richard, and Meisenberg, Gerhard. (2010). “National IQs Calculated and Validated for 108 Nations.” Intelligence 38(4): 353–360.CrossRef Google Scholar

Lynn, Richard, and Vanhanen, Tatu. (2002). IQ and the Wealth of Nations. Westport, CT: Praeger.Google Scholar

Lyttkens, Carl H., and Vedovato, Claudio. (1984). “Opportunity Costs of Defense: A Comment on Dabelko and McCormick.” Journal of Peace Research 21(4): 389–394.Google Scholar

MacDonald, Paul K., and Parent, Joseph M.. (2011). “Graceful Decline? The Surprising Success of Great Power Retrenchment.” International Security 35(4): 7–44.Google Scholar

MacDonald, Paul K., and Parent, Joseph M.. (2018a). “The Road to Recovery: How Once Great Powers Became Great Again.” Washington Quarterly 41(3): 21–39.Google Scholar

MacDonald, Paul K., and Parent, Joseph M.. (2018b). Twilight of Titans: Great Power Decline and Retrenchment. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar

Mao, Yushi, and Su, Dong. (2012). “Hard Work Is at the Root of the Chinese Miracle.” In Chinese, August 3. www.ftchinesecom/story(001046151?full=y.Google Scholar

March, James G. (1966). “The Power of Power.” In Easton, David, ed., Varieties of Political Theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, pp. 39–70.Google Scholar

McClelland, David C. (1961). The Achieving Society. Oxford: Van Nostrand.Google Scholar

McClelland, David C. (1993). “The Achievement Motive in Economic Growth.” In Seligson, Mitchell A. and Passe-Smith, John T., eds., Development and Underdevelopment: The Political Economy of Inequality. Boulder, CO: Rienner, pp. 141–157.Google Scholar

Mearsheimer, John J. (2001). The Tragedy of Great Power Politics. New York: Norton.Google Scholar

Mearsheimer, John J. (2019). “Bound to Fail: The Rise and Fall of the Liberal International Order.” International Security 43(4): 7–50.Google Scholar

Melman, Seymour. (1970). Pentagon Capitalism: The Political Economy of War. New York: McGraw Hill.Google Scholar

Melman, Seymour. (1972). “Ten Propositions on the War Economy.” American Economic Review 62(1–2): 312–318.Google Scholar

Melman, Seymour. (1974). The Permanent War Economy: American Capitalism in Decline. New York: Simon & Schuster.Google Scholar

Merritt, Richard L., and Zinnes, Dina A.. (1988). “Validity of Power Indices.” International Interactions 14(2): 141–151.Google Scholar

Merritt, Richard L., and Zinnes, Dina A.. (1989). “Alternative Indexes of National Power.” In Stoll, Richard J. and Ward, Michael D., eds., Power in World Politics. Boulder, CO: Rienner, pp. 11–28.Google Scholar

Merton, Robert K. (2002 [1938]). Science, Technology, and Society in Seventeenth-Century England. New York: Howard Fertig.Google Scholar

Michalopoulos, Stelios, and Papaioannou, Elias. (2014). “National Institutions and Subnational Development in Africa.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 129(1): 151–213.Google Scholar

Mintz, Alex. (1989). “‘Guns’ vs. ‘Butter’: A Disaggregated Analysis.” American Political Science Review 83(4): 1285–1293.Google Scholar

Mintz, Alex, and Huang, Chi. (1991). “Guns vs. Butter: The Indirect Link.” American Journal of Political Science 35(3): 738–757.Google Scholar

Mischel, Walter, Ebbeson, Ebbe B., and Zeiss, Antonnette Raskoff. (1972). “Cognitive and Attentional Mechanisms in Delay of Gratification.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 21(2): 204–218.Google Scholar

Mischel, Walter, and Peake, Philip K.. (1990). “Predicting Adolescent Cognitive and Self-Regulatory Competencies from Preschool Delay of Gratification: Identifying Diagnostic Conditions.” Developmental Psychology 26(6): 978–986.Google Scholar

Modelski, George. (1987a). Long Cycles in World Politics. Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press.Google Scholar

Modelski, George, ed. (1987b). Exploring Long Cycles. Boulder, CO: Rienner.Google Scholar

Modelski, George, and Thompson, William R.. (1996). Leading Sectors and World Powers: The Coevolution of Global Economics and Politics. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press.Google Scholar

Mokyr, Joel. (1990). The Lever of Riches: Technological Creativity and Economic Progress. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Mokyr, Joel. (2016). A Culture of Growth: The Origins of Modern Economy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Moran, Theodore H. (1974). Multinational Corporations and the Politics of Dependence: Copper in Chile. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Moretti, Enrico. (2013). The New Geography of Jobs. New York: Houghton, Mifflin, Harcourt.Google Scholar

Moyer, Jonathan D., Meisel, Collin J., Matthews, Austin S., Bohl, David K., and Burrows, Mathew J.. (2021). China-US Competition: Measuring Global Influence. Scowcroft Center, Atlantic Council and Frederick Pardee Center for International Futures, University of Denver. www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/China-US-Competition-Report-2021.pdf.Google Scholar

Mueller, John. (1989). Retreat from Doomsday: The Obsolescence of Major War. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar

Nabe, Oumar. (1983). “Military Expenditures and Industrialization in Africa.” Journal of Economic Issues 17(2): 575–587.Google Scholar

Nakane, Chie. (1970). Japanese Society. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar

Narizny, Kevin. (2007). The Political Economy of Grand Strategy. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar

National Science Foundation. (2019). “Publication Output: US Trends and International Comparisons,” Science and Engineering Indicators 2020. https://neses.nsf.pubs/nsb20206.Google Scholar

Needham, Joseph. (1969a). The Grand Titration: Science and Society in East and West. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.Google Scholar

Needham, Joseph. (1969b). Within the Four Seas: The Dialogue of East and West. London: Allen Unwin.Google Scholar

Needham, Joseph. (1981). Science in Traditional China. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar

Nelson, Richard R. (1996). The Sources of Economic Growth. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar

Nickell, Stephen, and van Reenen, John. (2002). “The United Kingdom.” In Steil, Benn, Victor, David G., and Nelson, Richard R., eds., Technological Innovation and Economic Performance. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, pp. 178–199.Google Scholar

Norris, Pippa, ed. (1999). Critical Citizens: Global Support for Democratic Government. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Norris, Pippa. (2011). Democratic Deficit: Critical Citizens Revisited. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Norris, Pippa, and Inglehart, Ronald. (2019). Cultural Backlash: Trump, Brexit, and Authoritarian Populism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

North, Douglas. (1990). Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Nye, Joseph S. Jr. (1990). Bound to Lead: The Changing Nature of American Power. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar

Nye, Joseph S. Jr. (2002). The Paradox of American Power. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Nye, Joseph S. Jr. (2004). Soft Power: The Means to Success in World Politics. New York: PublicAffairs.Google Scholar

Oatley, Thomas, Winecoff, William K., Danzman, Sarah B., and Pennock, Andrew. (2013). “The Political Economy of Global Finance: A Network Model.” Perspectives on Politics 11(1): 133–153.Google Scholar

O’Donnell, Guillermo. (1988). Bureaucratic Authoritarianism: Argentina, 1966–1973, in Comparative Perspective. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar

Olson, Mancur, Jr. (1965). The Logic of Collective Action: Public Goods and the Theory of Groups. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar

Olson, Mancur, Jr. (1982). The Rise and Decline of Nations: Economic Growth, Stagflation, and Social Rigidities. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar

Olson, Mancur, Jr. (1993). “Dictatorship, Democracy, and Development.” American Political Science Review 87(3): 567–576.Google Scholar

Olson, Mancur, Jr., and Zeckhauser, Richard. (1966). “An Economic Theory of Alliances.” Review of Economics and Statistics 48(3): 266–279.Google Scholar

Organski, A. F. K., and Kugler, Jacek. (1977). “The Costs of Major Wars: The Phoenix Factor.” American Political Science Review 71(4): 1347–1366.Google Scholar

Organski, A.F.K., and Kugler, Jacek. (1980). The War Ledger. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar

Peroff, Kathleen. (1977). “The Warfare-Welfare Tradeoff: Health, Public Aid and Housing.” Journal of Sociology and Social Welfare 4(3): 366–381.Google Scholar

Peroff, Kathleen, and Podolak-Warren, Margaret. (1979). “Does Spending on Defense Cut Spending on Health? A Time Series Analysis of the U.S. Economy 1929–1974.” British Journal of Political Science 9(1): 21–40.Google Scholar

Pew Research Center. (2011). “Pew Global Attitudes Project Spring 2011.” www.pewresearch.org/global/dataset/spring-2011-survey.Google Scholar

Pharr, Susan, and Putnam, Robert D.. (2000). Disaffected Democracies: What Is Troubling the Trilateral Countries? Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Posen, Adam S. (2002). “Japan.” In Steil, Benn, Victor, David G., and Nelson, Richard R., eds., Technological Innovation and Economic Performance. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, pp. 74–111.Google Scholar

Posen, Barry R. (2003). “Command of the Commons: The Military Foundation of U.S. Hegemony.” International Security 28(1): 5–46.Google Scholar

Powell, Robert. (1991). “Absolute and Relative Gains in International Relations Theory.” American Political Science Review 85(4): 1303–1320.Google Scholar

Pryor, Frederick. (1968). Public Expenditure in Communist and Capitalist Countries. Homewood, IL: Irwin.Google Scholar

Putnam, Robert D. (1993). Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Putnam, Robert D. (2000). Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. New York: Simon & Schuster.Google Scholar

Pye, Lucian W. (1967). The Authority Crisis in Chinese Politics. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar

Pye, Lucian W. (1968). The Spirit of Chinese Politics: A Psychocultural Study of the Authority Crisis in Political Development. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar

Pye, Lucian W., and Pye, Mary W.. (1985). Asian Power and Politics: The Cultural Dimension of Authority. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar

Qian, Yingyi. (2003). “How Reform Worked in China.” In Rodrik, Dani, ed., In Search of Prosperity: Analytic Narrative on Economic Growth. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, pp. 297–333.Google Scholar

Qin, Yaqing. (2018). A Relational Theory of World Politics. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Rabushka, Alvin. (1979). Hong Kong: A Study in Economic Freedom. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar

Rapkin, David P., and Thompson, William R.. (2013). Transition Scenarios: China and the United States in the Twenty-First Century. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar

Rasler, Karen A. (1990). “Spending, Deficits and Welfare-Investment Tradeoffs: Cause or Effect of Leadership Decline?” In Rapkin, David P., ed., World Leadership and Hegemony. Boulder, CO: Rienner, pp. 169–190.Google Scholar

Rasler, Karen A., and Thompson, William R.. (1983). “Global Wars, Public Debts, and the Long Cycle.” World Politics 35(4): 489–516.Google Scholar

Rasler, Karen A., and Thompson, William R.. (1985a). “War Making and State Making: Governmental Expenditures, Tax Revenues, and Global Wars.” American Political Science Review 79(2): 491–507.Google Scholar

Rasler, Karen A., and Thompson, William R.. (1985b). “War and the Economic Growth of Major Powers.” American Journal of Political Science 29(3): 513–538.Google Scholar

Rasler, Karen A., and Thompson, William R.. (1988). “Defense Burdens, Capital Formation, and Economic Growth: The Systemic Leader Case.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 32(1): 61–86.Google Scholar

Rasler, Karen A., and Thompson, William R.. (1991a). “Relative Decline and the Overconsumption-Underinvestment Hypothesis.” International Studies Quarterly 35(3): 273–294.Google Scholar

Rasler, Karen A., and Thompson, William R.. (1991b). “Technological Innovation, Capability Positional Shift, and Systemic War.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 35(3): 412–442.Google Scholar

Rasler, Karen A., and Thompson, William R.. (1992). “Political-Economic Tradeoffs and British Relative Decline.” In Chan, Steve and Mintz, Alex, eds., Defense, Welfare, and Growth: Perspectives and Evidence. London: Routledge, pp. 36–60.Google Scholar

Rasler, Karen A., and Thompson, William R.. (2005). “War, Trade, and the Mediation of Systemic Leadership.” Journal of Peace Research 42(3): 251–269.Google Scholar

Rauch, Carsten. (2017). “Challenging the Power Consensus: GDP, CINC, and Power Transition.” Security Studies 26(4): 642–664.Google Scholar

Redding, S. Gordon. (1990). The Spirit of Chinese Capitalism. New York: De Gruyter.Google Scholar

Reischauer, Edwin O. (1974). “The Sinic World in Perspective.” Foreign Affairs 52(2): 341–348.Google Scholar

Reuveny, Rafael, and Thompson, William R.. (1999). “Economic Innovation, Systemic Leadership, and Military Preparations for War: The U.S. Case.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 43(5): 570–595.Google Scholar

Robinson, Richard. (1986). Indonesia: The Rise of Capital. Sidney: Allen & Unwin.Google Scholar

Rodan, Garry. (1989). The Political Economy of Singapore’s Industrialization: National State and International Capital. New York: St. Martin’s.Google Scholar

Rodrik, Dani, Subramanian, Arvind, and Trebbi, Francisco. (2004). “Institutions Rule: The Primacy of Institutions over Geography and Integration in Economic Development.” Journal of Economic Growth 9(2): 131–165.CrossRef Google Scholar

Rooney, Bryan, Johnson, Grant, and Priebe, Miranda. (2021). How Does Defense Spending Affect Economic Growth? Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation.Google Scholar

Rosecrance, Richard (1986). The Rise of the Trading State: Commerce and Conquest in the Modern World. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar

Rothschild, Kurt W. (1973). “Military Expenditure, Exports and Growth.” Kyklos 26(4): 804–814.Google Scholar

Russett, Bruce M. (1969). “Who Pays for Defense?” American Political Science Review 63(2): 412–426.Google Scholar

Russett, Bruce M. (1970). What Price Vigilance? The Burden of National Defense. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar

Russett, Bruce M. (1971). “Some Decisions in the Regression Analysis of Time Series Data.” In Herndon, James F. and Bernd, Joseph L., eds., Mathematical Applications in Political Science, Volume 2. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia Press, pp. 29–50.Google Scholar

Russett, Bruce M. (1982). “Defense Spending and National Well-Being.” American Political Science Review 76(4): 767–777.Google Scholar

Russett, Bruce M. (1985). “The Mysterious Case of Vanishing Hegemony: Or, Is Mark Twain Really Dead?” International Organization 39(2): 207–231.Google Scholar

Sachs, Jeffrey D. (2003). Institutions Do Not Rule: Direct Effects of Geography on Per Capita Income. National Bureau of Economic Research Working Papers No. w9490.Google Scholar

Sala-i-Martin, Xavier, Dopplehofer, Gernot, and Miller, Ronald I.. (2004). “Determinants of Long-Term Growth: A Bayesian Averaging of Classical Estimates (BACE) Approach.” American Economic Review 94(4): 813–835.Google Scholar

Sandel, Michael. (1996). Democracy’s Discontent: America in Search of a Public Philosophy. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar

Schroeder, Paul. (1976). “Alliances, 1815–1945: Weapons of Power and Tools of Management.” In Knorr, Klaus, ed., Historical Dimensions of National Security Problems. Lawrence, KS: University of Kansas Press, pp. 227–262.Google Scholar

Schroeder, Paul. (1994). “Historical Reality versus Neo-Realist Theory.” International Security 19(1): 108–148.Google Scholar

Schumpeter, Joseph A. (1939). Business Cycles: A Theoretical, Historical, and Statistical Analysis of the Capitalist Process. New York: McGraw Hill.Google Scholar

Schumpeter, Joseph A. (1949 [1911]) (Translated by Redvers Opie). The Theory of Economic Development: An Inquiry into Profits, Capital, Credit, Interest, and the Business Cycle. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar

Schweller, Randall L. (2001). “The Problem of International Order Revisited: A Review Essay.” International Security 26(1): 161–186.Google Scholar

Schweller, Randall L. (2006). Unanswered Threats: Political Constraints on the Balance of Power. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Sen, Amartya. (1999). Development as Freedom. New York: Knopf.Google Scholar

Shi, Tianjian. (2001). “Cultural Values and Political Trust: A Comparison of the People’s Republic of China and Taiwan.” Comparative Politics 33(4): 401–420.Google Scholar

Shifrinson, Joshua I. R., and Beckley, Michael. (2012–2013). “Correspondence: Debating China’s Rise and U.S. Decline.” International Security 37(3): 172–181.Google Scholar

Shirk, Susan L. (2023). Overreach: How China Derailed Its Peaceful Rise. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Singer, J. David, Bremer, Stuart, and Stuckey, John. (1968). “Capability Distribution, Uncertainty, and Major Power War, 1820–1965.” In Russett, Bruce M., ed., Peace, War, and Numbers. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage, pp. 19–48.Google Scholar

Smith, David, and Smith, Ron. (1980). “Military Expenditure, Resources and Development.” Birkbeck College, University of London, mimeograph.Google Scholar

Smith, Ron P. (1977). “Military Expenditure and Capitalism.” Cambridge Journal of Economics 1(1): 61–76.Google Scholar

Smith, Ron P. (1978). “Military Expenditure and Capitalism: A Reply.” Cambridge Journal of Economics 2(3): 299–304.Google Scholar

Smith, Ron P. (1980). “Military Expenditure and Investment in OECD Countries, 1954–1973.” Journal of Comparative Economics 4(1): 3–15.Google Scholar

Smith, Ron P., and Georgiou, George. (1983). “Assessing the Effect of Military Expenditure on OECD Economies: A Survey.” Arms Control 4(1): 3–15.Google Scholar

Snider, Lewis W. (1987). “Identifying the Elements of State Power: Where Do We Begin?” Comparative Political Studies 20(3): 314–356.Google Scholar

Snyder, Jack. (1993). Myths of Empire: Domestic Politics and International Ambition. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar

Solingen, Etel. (1988). Regional Orders at Century’s Dawn: Global and Domestic Influences on Grand Strategy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Solingen, Etel. (2007). “Pax Asiatica versus Bella Levantina: The Foundations of War and Peace in East Asia and the Middle East.” American Political Science Review 101(4): 757–780.Google Scholar

Solomon, Richard H. (1972). Mao’s Revolution and the Chinese Political Culture. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar

Sprout, Harold, and Sprout, Margaret. (1968). “The Dilemma of Rising Demands and Insufficient Resources.” World Politics 20(4): 660–693.Google Scholar

Starrs, Sean. (2013). “American Economic Power Hasn’t Declined: It Globalized! Summoning the Data and Taking Globalization Seriously.” International Studies Quarterly 57(4): 817–830.Google Scholar

Steil, Benn, Victor, David G., and Nelson, Richard R., eds. (2002). Technological Innovation and Economic Performance. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Stepan, Alfred. (1978). The State and Society: Peru in Comparative Perspective. Princeton, NJ: Princeton, University Press.Google Scholar

Strange, Susan. (1987). “The Persistent Myth of Lost Hegemony.” International Organization 41(4): 551–574.Google Scholar

Supple, Barry. (1994). “Fear of Falling: Economic History and the Decline of Britain.” Economic History Review 47(3): 441–458.Google Scholar

Szekelyi, Maria, and Tardos, Robert. (1993). “Attitudes That Make a Difference: Expectations and Economic Progress.” Discussion papers of the Institute for Research on Poverty, University of Wisconsin.Google Scholar

Tabellini, Guido. (2008). “Institutions and Culture.” Journal of European Economic Association 6(2–3): 255–294.Google Scholar

Taber, Charles S. (1989). “Power Capability Indexes in the Third World.” In Stoll, Richard J. and Ward, Michael D., eds., Power in World Politics. Boulder, CO: Rienner, pp. 29–48.Google Scholar

Tammen, Ronald L., Kugler, Jacek, Lemke, Douglas, Allan Stam, III, Abdollahian, Mark, Alsharabati, Carole, Efird, Brian, and Organski, A. F. K.. (2000). Power Transitions: Strategies for the 21st Century. New York: Chatham House.Google Scholar

Tellis, Ashley J. (2015). “Overview: Assessing National Power.” In Tellis, Ashley J., Szalwinski, Alison, and Willis, Michael, eds., Foundations of National Power in the Asia-Pacific. Seattle, WA: National Bureau of Asian Research, pp. 2–21. www.nbr.org/wp-content/uploads/pdfs/publications/sa15_overview_telllis.pdf.Google Scholar

Terhal, P. (1981). “Guns or Grain: Macro-Economic Costs of Indian Defence, 1960–1970.” Economic and Political Weekly 16(49): 1995–2004.Google Scholar

Thompson, William R. (1983). “Uneven Economic Growth, Systemic Challenges, and Global Wars.” International Studies Quarterly 27(3): 341–355.Google Scholar

Thompson, William R. (1990). “Long Waves, Technological Innovation, and Relative Decline.” International Organization 44(2): 201–233.Google Scholar

Thompson, William R. (1992). “Dehio, Long Cycles, and the Geohistorical Context of Structural Transition.” World Politics 45(1): 127–153.Google Scholar

Thompson, William R. (2004). “Two Hegemonies: Britain 1846–1914 and the United States 1914–2001 by Patrick Karl O’Brien and Armand Clesse.” The International History Review 26(1): 147–149.Google Scholar

Thompson, William R. (2020). Power Concentration in World Politics: The Political Economy of Systemic Leadership, Growth, and Conflict. Cham, Switzerland: Springer.Google Scholar

Thompson, William R. (2022). American Global Pre-Eminence: The Development and Erosion of Systemic Leadership. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Thompson, William R., and Zakhirova, Leila. (2019). Racing to the Top: How Energy Fuels Systemic Leadership in World Politics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Thompson, William R., and Gary Zuk, L.. (1982). “War, Inflation, and the Kondratieff Long Wave.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 26(4): 621–644.Google Scholar

Thompson, William R., and Gary Zuk, L.. (1986). “World Power and the Strategic Trap of Territorial Commitments.” International Studies Quarterly 30(3): 249–267.Google Scholar

Tilly, Charles. (1985). “War Making and State Making as Organized Crime.” In Evans, Peter, Rueschemeyer, Dietrich, and Skocpol, Theda, eds., Bringing the State Back In. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 169–191.Google Scholar

Tilly, Charles. (1990). Coercion, Capital, and European States, AD990–1990. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell.Google Scholar

Tomz, Michael. (2007). Reputation and International Cooperation: Sovereign Debt across Three Centuries. Princeton, NJ.: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Treisman, David. (2004). “Rational Appeasement,” International Organization 58(2): 344–373.Google Scholar

Tu, Wei-ming. (1996). “Confucian Tradition in East Asian Modernity.” Bulletin of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 50(2): 12–39.Google Scholar

Tu, Wei-ming. (2000). “Implications of the Rise of ‘Confucian’ East Asia.” Daedalus 129(1): 195–218.Google Scholar

Tugwell, Franklin. (1975). The Politics of Oil in Venezuela. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar

Unz, Ron. (2012). “The Myth of American Meritocracy.” The American Conservative, November 28. www.unz.com/runz/the-myth-of-american-meritocracy/.Google Scholar

Van Evera, Stephen. (1999). Causes of War: Power and the Roots of Conflict. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar

Vogel, Ezra. (1979). Japan as Number 1. New York: Harper & Row.Google Scholar

Wade, Robert. (1990). Governing the Market: Economic Theory and the Role of Government in East Asian Industrialization. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Wallerstein, Immanuel. (1974). The Modern World-System: Capitalist Agriculture and the Origins of the European World-Economy in the Sixteenth Century. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar

Waltz, Kenneth N. (1979). Theory of International Politics. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.Google Scholar

Web of Science Group. (2019). Highly Cited Researchers: Identifying Top Talent in the Sciences and Social Sciences. https://recognition.webofsciencegroup.com/awards/highly-cited/2019.Google Scholar

Weber, Max. (1951 [1915]) (Translated by Hans H. Gerth). The Religion of China: Confucianism and Taoism. New York: Free Press.Google Scholar

Weber, Max. (1998 [1904–1905]) (Translated by Talcott Parsons). The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism. Los Angeles, CA: Roxbury.Google Scholar

Weede, Erich. (1983). “Military Participation Ratios, Human Capital Formation, and Economic Growth: A Cross-National Analysis.” Journal of Political and Military Sociology 11(1): 11–19.Google Scholar

Wendt, Alexander. (1999). Social Theory of International Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Wildavsky, Aaron. (1964). The Politics of the Budgetary Process. Boston, MA: Little, Brown.Google Scholar

Wittfogel, Karl A. (1957). Oriental Despotism: A Comparative Study of Total Power. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar

Woetzel, Jonathan, Chen, Yougang, Manyika, James, Roth, Erik, Seong, Jeongmin, and Lee, Jason. (2015). The China Effect on Global Innovation. Shanghai: McKinsey Global Institute. www.mckinsey.com/~/media/mckinsey/featured%20insights/innovation/gauging%20the%20strength%20of%20chinese%20innovation/mgi%20china%20effect_full%20report_october_2015.ashx.Google Scholar

Woo-Cumings, Meredith. (1991). Race to the Swift: State and Finance in Korean Industrialization. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar

Woo-Cumings, Meredith, ed. (1999). The Developmental State. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar

Wrong, Dennis H. (1995). Power: Its Forms, Bases, and Uses. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction.Google Scholar

Young, Alwyn. (2003). “Gold into Base Metals: Productivity Growth in the People’s Republic of China during the Reform Period.” Journal of Political Economy 111(6):1220–1261.Google Scholar

Zakaria, Fareed. (1994). “Culture is Destiny: A Conversation with Lee Kuan Yew.” Foreign Affairs 73(2): 109–126.Google Scholar

Zakaria, Fareed. (1998). From Wealth to Power. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Zakaria, Fareed. (2020). “The New China Scare: Why America Shouldn’t Panic about Its Latest Challenger.” Foreign Affairs 99(1): 52–69.Google Scholar

Zhao, Quansheng. (2023). Great Power Strategies – The United States, China, and Japan. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar

Zhao, Tingyang. (2005). The Tianxia System: A Philosophical Discussion on World Order. In Chinese. Nanjing, China: Nanjing Jiangsu Education Press.Google Scholar

Zhu, Tian. (2021). Catching Up to America: Culture, Institutions, and the Rise of China. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Book contents

References

Summary

Access options

References

Book contents

References

Summary

Access options

References

Save book to Kindle

Save book to Dropbox

Save book to Google Drive