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3.7.1 - Anaphylaxis

from Section 3.7 - Infection and Immunity

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 July 2023

By
Claire McCann
Edited by
Ned Gilbert-Kawai ,
Debashish Dutta  and
Carl Waldmann
Ned Gilbert-Kawai
Affiliation:
The Royal Liverpool Hospital
Debashish Dutta
Affiliation:
Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Trust, Harlow
Carl Waldmann
Affiliation:
Royal Berkshire Hospital, Reading
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Summary

Key Learning Points

  1. 1. Anaphylaxis is an immune-mediated hypersensitivity reaction. ‘Non-immune anaphylaxis’, previously termed ‘anaphylactoid’ reactions, can be clinically identical but do not involve sensitisation and immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibody production.

  2. 2. Inflammatory mediators released cause vasodilation, increased capillary permeability and smooth muscle contraction.

  3. 3. Risk factors exist for particularly severe or fatal reactions.

  4. 4. The recommended route for administration of adrenaline is intramuscular.

  5. 5. A negative mast cell tryptase result does not exclude anaphylaxis as the diagnosis.

Keywords

anaphylaxishypersensitivity reactionstryptase
Type
Chapter
Information
Intensive Care Medicine
The Essential Guide
 , pp. 245 - 247
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2021

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References

References and Further Reading

Harper, NJN, Dixon, T, Dugué, P, et al.; Working Party of the Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland. Suspected anaphylactic reactions associated with anaesthesia. Anaesthesia 2009;64:199–211.Google ScholarPubMed
Muñoz-Cano, R, Pascal, M, Araujo, G, et al. Mechanisms, cofactors, and augmenting factors involved in anaphylaxis. Front Immunol 2017;26:1193.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Resuscitation Council UK. 2021. Emergency treatment of anaphylactic reactions: guidelines for healthcare providers. www.resus.org.uk/library/additional-guidance/guidance-anaphylaxis/emergency-treatmentGoogle Scholar
Simons, FE, Ardusso, LR, Bilo, MB, et al. World Allergy Organization guidelines for the assessment and management of anaphylaxis. World Allergy Organ J 2011;4:13–37.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

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