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from Section 3.7 - Infection and Immunity
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 27 July 2023
Key Learning Points
1. There are four stages of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection: primary HIV infection with a CD4 count of >500, chronic asymptomatic infection with a CD4 count of >350, symptomatic infections with a CD4 count of <350 and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) accompanied by a CD4 count of <200.
2. CD4 T-helper cell lymphocytes are responsible for both adaptive and cell-based immunity, and are active against both infectious disease and neoplasms.
3. There are 27 AIDS-defining clinical conditions specified by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
4. Recent evidence suggests improved outcomes for intensive care patients treated with highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART).
5. Intensive care patients not already treated with HAART, with a low CD4 count and an opportunistic infection, are at high risk of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome.
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