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3.6.7 - Pulmonary Hypertension

from Section 3.6 - Acute Respiratory Failure

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 July 2023

By
Raj Saha
Edited by
Ned Gilbert-Kawai ,
Debashish Dutta  and
Carl Waldmann
Ned Gilbert-Kawai
Affiliation:
The Royal Liverpool Hospital
Debashish Dutta
Affiliation:
Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Trust, Harlow
Carl Waldmann
Affiliation:
Royal Berkshire Hospital, Reading
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Summary

Key Learning Points

  1. 1. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is present when the mean pulmonary arterial pressure is ≥25 mmHg at rest.

  2. 2. The World Health Organization classifies PH into five groups.

  3. 3. Clinical features of PH may be non-specific, and thus challenging to recognise.

  4. 4. Identification and treatment of any potential reversible causes are fundamental to the management of PH.

  5. 5. PH is progressive and can be fatal if untreated.

Keywords

pulmonary hypertensionWHO classificationpulmonary arterial hypertensionechocardiographyright heart catheterisation
Type
Chapter
Information
Intensive Care Medicine
The Essential Guide
 , pp. 242 - 244
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2021

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References

References and Further Reading

Hoeper, MM, Galie, N, Murali, S, et al. Outcome after cardiopulmonary resuscitation in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002;165:341–4.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hoeper, MM, Granton, J. Intensive care unit management of patients with severe pulmonary hypertension and right heart failure. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011;184:1114–24.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ishikawa, S, Miyauchi, T, Sakai, S, et al. Elevated levels of plasma endothelin-1 in young patients with pulmonary hypertension caused by congenital heart disease are decreased after successful surgical repair. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1995;110:271–3.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rubin, LJ, Hopkins, W. Clinical features and diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension of unclear etiology in adults. UpToDate. Waltham, MA: Wolters Kluwer Health. www.uptodate.com/contents/8249Google Scholar
Simonneau, G, Gatzoulis, MA, Adatia, I, et al. Updated clinical classification of pulmonary hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013;62(25 Suppl):D34–41.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zamanian, RT, Haddad, F, Doyle, RL, Weinacker, AB. Management strategies for patients with pulmonary hypertension in the intensive care unit. Crit Care Med 2007;35:2037–50.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

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