Book contents
- Introduction to Psychiatry
- Introduction to Psychiatry
- Copyright page
- Contents
- Contributors
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Clinical Neuroscience
- 3 Introduction to the Patient Interview
- 4 Mood Disorders
- 5 Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders
- 6 Anxiety Disorders
- 7 Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders
- 8 Disorders Related to Stress and Trauma
- 9 Substance Use Disorders
- 10 Personality Disorders
- 11 Neurocognitive Disorders
- 12 Feeding and Eating Disorders
- 13 Child Psychiatry and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- 14 Sleep Disorders
- 15 Psychopharmacology and Neurotherapeutics
- 16 Psychosocial Interventions
- 17 Psychiatric Evaluation in the Medical Setting
- 18 Psychiatry of Gender and Sexuality
- 19 Health Policy and Population Health in Behavioral Health Care in the United States
- 20 Global Health and Mental Health Care Delivery in Low-Resource Settings
- Index
- References
10 - Personality Disorders
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 22 July 2021
Book contents
- Introduction to Psychiatry
- Introduction to Psychiatry
- Copyright page
- Contents
- Contributors
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Clinical Neuroscience
- 3 Introduction to the Patient Interview
- 4 Mood Disorders
- 5 Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders
- 6 Anxiety Disorders
- 7 Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders
- 8 Disorders Related to Stress and Trauma
- 9 Substance Use Disorders
- 10 Personality Disorders
- 11 Neurocognitive Disorders
- 12 Feeding and Eating Disorders
- 13 Child Psychiatry and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- 14 Sleep Disorders
- 15 Psychopharmacology and Neurotherapeutics
- 16 Psychosocial Interventions
- 17 Psychiatric Evaluation in the Medical Setting
- 18 Psychiatry of Gender and Sexuality
- 19 Health Policy and Population Health in Behavioral Health Care in the United States
- 20 Global Health and Mental Health Care Delivery in Low-Resource Settings
- Index
- References
Summary
At the turn of the twenty-first century, our understanding of personality disorders radically evolved as research on their biological characteristics and effective evidence-based treatments (EBTs) emerged to challenge preexisting notions of these syndromes as defensive, psychologically determined, and untreatable. Reflecting the turmoil of a paradigm shift, intense controversy raged in attempts to revise the diagnostic system for personality disorders in the transition from the DSM-IV to the DSM-V. Proposed changes included both the elimination of five of the ten existing DSM personality disorders (narcissistic, histrionic, schizoid, paranoid, and dependent) and the implementation of a complex diagnostic system involving the evaluation of both categorical prototypes and dimensional traits of personality. The extremity of these proposed changes in the diagnostic system provoked major opposition among prominent experts, ultimately leading to the retention of the existing set of personality disorder criteria and relegation of the proposed alternative model to a section calling for further research. One prominent change in the transition to the fifth edition of DSM was the elimination of the multi-axial system, ending the segregation of Axis II disorders from Axis I disorders.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Introduction to PsychiatryPreclinical Foundations and Clinical Essentials, pp. 233 - 262Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2021
References
References and Suggested Reading
American Psychiatric Association (2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-IV-TR. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.Google Scholar
Choi-Kain, L. W., Finch, E. F., Masland, S. R., Jenkins, J. A., and Unruh, B. T. (2017). What Works in the Treatment of Borderline Personality Disorder. Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports, 4, 21–30.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gunderson, J. G. (2011). Borderline Personality Disorder. New England Journal of Medicine, 364, 2037–2042.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gunderson, J. G., and Choi-Kain, L. W. (2018). Medication Management for Patients with Borderline Personality Disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 175(8), 709–711.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hasin, D., Fenton, M. C., Skodol, A., et al. (2011). Personality Disorders and the 3-Year Course of Alcohol, Drug, and Nicotine Use Disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry, 68, 1158–1167.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kernberg, O. F. (1981). Structural Interviewing. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 4, 169–195.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lenzenweger, M. F., Lane, M. C., Loranger, A. W., and Kessler, R. C. (2007). DSM-IV Personality Disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Biological Psychiatry, 62, 553–564.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lilienfeld, S. O., Van Valkenberg, C., Larntz, K., and Akiskal, H. S. (1996). The Relationship of Histrionic Personality Disorder to Antisocial Personality and Somatization Disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 143, 718–722.Google Scholar
Perry, J. C., Banon, E., and Ianni, F. (1999). Effectiveness of Psychotherapy for Personality Disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 156, 1312–1321.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ronningstam, E. (2005). Identifying and Understanding the Narcissistic Personality. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shea, M. T., Stout, R. L., Gunderson, J. G., et al. (2002). Short-Term Diagnostic Stability of Schizotypal, Borderline, Avoidant, and Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder. American Journal Psychiatry, 159, 2036–2041.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shea, M. T., Stout, R. L., Yen, S., et al. (2004). Associations in the Course of Personality Disorders and Axis I Disorders Over Time. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 4, 499–508.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Skodol, A. E., and Gunderson, J. G. (2011). Personality Disorders. In Hales, R. E., Yudofsky, S. C., and Gabbard, G. O. (eds.), Essentials of Psychiatry, 3rd ed. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.Google Scholar
Soeteman, D. I., Hakkart-van Roijen, L., Verheul, R., and Busschbach, J. J. (2008). The Economic Burden of Personality Disorders in Mental Health Care. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 69, 259–265.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Torgersen, S. (2009). The Nature (and Nurture) of Personality Disorders. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 6, 624–632.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Torgersen, S., Lygren, S., Oien, P., Skre, I., Onstad, S., Edvardsen, J., and Kringlen, E. (2000). A Twin Study of Personality Disorders. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 6, 416–425.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Torgersen, S., Myers, J., Reichborn-Kjennerud, T., et al. (2012). The Heritability of Cluster B Personality Disorders Assessed by Both Personal Interview and Questionnaire. Journal of Personality Disorders, 26, 848–866.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Triebwasser, J., Chemerinski, E., Roussos, P., and Siever, L. J. (2012a). Schizoid Personality Disorder. Journal of Personality Disorders, 6, 919–926.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Triebwasser, J., Chemerinski, E., Roussos, P., and Siever, L. J., (2013). Paranoid Personality Disorder. Journal of Personality Disorders, 27(6), 795–805.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
van Asselt, A. D., Dirksen, C. D., Arntz, A., and Severens, J. L. (2007). The Cost of Borderline Personality Disorder: Societal Cost of Illness in BPD-Patients. European Psychiatry, 22, 354–361.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed