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31 - Hazardous Material, Toxic, and Industrial Events

from SECTION A - CBRNE AND HAZMAT

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 August 2011

By
Hoon Chin Lim  and
Tareg A. Bey
Edited by
Kristi L. Koenig  and
Carl H. Schultz
Kristi L. Koenig
Affiliation:
University of California, Irvine
Carl H. Schultz
Affiliation:
University of California, Irvine
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Summary

OVERVIEW

Hazardous material (HazMat) incidents are increasingly prevalent due to the continuing rapid growth and globalization of the chemical industry. In a previous report, the World Health Organization (WHO) noted that 100,000 industrial chemicals exist in the workplace. This number is increasing by an estimated 1,000 per year. In the United States alone, there are approximately 13,500 chemical manufacturing facilities, owned by more than 9,000 companies. When it comes to transportation of HazMats, the nation has nearly 1 million daily shipments by land, sea, and air. Globally, chemical production and use has also increased nearly 10-fold over the last 30 years, and this is particularly true in developing countries. The presence of such large quantities of toxic chemicals and hazardous substances among populations poses a significant threat to global health and the environment.

This chapter will focus on industrial HazMat events. Hazards of a biological nature or those with radioactive properties are discussed in Chapters 29 and 30. Harm can also result from deliberate release of hazardous materials from terrorism. Chemical emergencies related to the use of entities such as nerve agents are described further in a Chapter 28.

Keywords

chemical industrycommunity risk managementemergency medical servicestoxic HazMat incidentshazardous materialindustrial events
Type
Chapter
Information
Koenig and Schultz's Disaster Medicine
Comprehensive Principles and Practices
 , pp. 511 - 526
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2009

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