Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-7cvxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T12:26:47.125Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Chapter 3 - Anti-Fascism and Literature in Brazil

The Many Wars of Antônio Callado

from Part I - War, Revolution, Dictatorship

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 January 2023

Amanda Holmes
Affiliation:
McGill University, Montréal
Par Kumaraswami
Affiliation:
University of Reading
Get access

Summary

Brazilian novelist, playwright, and journalist Antônio Callado (1917-97) became, in the second half of the twentieth century, synonymous with cultural resistance against the Brazilian military dictatorship (1964-85). Documents and scripts found in 2014 at the BBC Written Archives unveil Callado’s experience as a writer working for the BBC Latin American Service in Britain, broadcasting anti-fascist propaganda in Portuguese to Brazilian audiences during World War II. In Brazil, Getúlio Vargas’ dictatorial regime Estado Novo (1937-45) was still emerging from internal clashes between pro-fascist and pro-Allies political factions, which preceded Brazil’s entry into the conflict in August 1942. In Britain between 1941 and 1947, Callado was able to engage with cosmopolitan intellectual networks and to explore literary influences that were not part of the aesthetic and political vocabulary of Brazilian modernists in the 1920s and 1930s. Callado’s socialist turn – which resulted in his political arrests in the 1960s and 1970s – was considerably influenced by his formative war-years. His experiences during World War II also deeply informed the political aspects of his writing, which denounced and derided Brazilian authoritarianism.

Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2022

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Works Cited

Bertonha, João Fábio. “Radical Right Ideologies and Movements in Brazil.” Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Latin American History. November 2, 2020. https://oxfordre.com/latinamericanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780199366439.001.0001/acrefore-9780199366439-e-841.Google Scholar
Bertonha, João FábioSobre Fascismos e Ditaduras: A Herança Fascista na Formatação dos Regimes Militares do Brasil, Argentina e Chile,” Revista de História Comparada 9.1 (2015): 203231.Google Scholar
Bertonha, João Fábio Bibliografia orientativa sobre o Integralismo (1932–2007). Jaboticabal: Funep, 2010.Google Scholar
Bertonha, João FábioBetween Sigma and Fascio: An Analysis of the Relationship between Italian Fascism and Brazilian Integralism,” Luso-Brazilian Review 37.1 (2000): 93105.Google Scholar
Bloom, Emily. The Wireless Past: Anglo-Irish Writers and the BBC 1931–1968. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017.Google Scholar
Bonalume Neto, Ricardo. A Nossa Segunda Guerra: Os Brasileiros em Combate, 1942–1945. Rio de Janeiro: Editora Expressão e Cultura, 1995.Google Scholar
Bosi, Alfredo. História Concisa da Literatura Brasileira. 52nd ed. São Paulo: Cultrix, [1970] 2017.Google Scholar
Bratzel, John F. and Leonard., Thomas M. Latin America during World War II. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, 2007.Google Scholar
Brito, Fausto. “The Displacement of the Brazilian Population to the Metropolitan Areas.” Estudos Avançados 20.57 (2006): 221236.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Calabre, Lia. “Encontro entre o real e o ficcional: o conflito e o nazi-fascismo nas novelas da Rádio Nacional.” In Batalha Sonora: O Rádio e a Segunda Guerra Mundial. Eds. Golin, Cida and de Abreu, João Batista, pp. 125–38. Porto Alegre: EdiPUCRS, 2006.Google Scholar
Calixto, Carolina Fernandes. “Jorge Amado e a Esquerda: entre a história e a memória (1964–1985).” Perseu 8.6 (2008): 3658.Google Scholar
Candido, Antônio. Prefácio. O integralismo de Plínio Salgado: Foma de Regressividade no Capitalism Hiper-tardio. By Chasin, José, pp. 1120. São Paulo: Livraria Ciências Humanas, 1978.Google Scholar
Carvalho, Vinicius Mariano de. “O Brasil na Segunda Guerra sob o olhar de um pracinha. A ‘Guerra em Surdina’, de Boris Schnaiderman.Memórias da Segunda Guerra Mundial na Literatura, Cinema e Artes. Ed. Jaeckel, Volker and Cornelsen, Elcio, pp. 8596. Rio de Janeiro: Jaguatirica, 2018.Google Scholar
Carvalho Silva, Aline Monteiro de. “Entre a ficcão e a memória? Dias gomes e a trajetória de um intelectual subversivo.” Diss. Universidade Federal Fluminense, 2017.Google Scholar
Castro, Ricardo Figueiredo de. “A Frente Única Antifascista (FUA) e o antifascismo no Brasil (1933–1934).” Topoi 3.5 (2002): 354388.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Castro Gomes, Angela de. “Estado Novo: Ambiguidades e heranças do autoritarismo no Brasil.A Construção Social dos Regimes Autoritários. Ed. Rollemberg, Denise and Quadrat, Samantha Viz, pp. 3570. Rio de Janeiro: Civilização Brasileira, 2010.Google Scholar
Callado, Antônio. Roteiros de Radioteatro Durante e Depois da Segunga Grande Guerra (1943–1947). Ed. Thomaz, Daniel Mandur. Belo Horizonte: Autêntica, 2018.Google Scholar
Cunha, Valdeci da Silva. “Oswald de Andrade: da ‘Deglutição Antropofágica’ à ‘Revolução Comunista” (1923–1937).” Diss. Universidade de Minas Gerais, 2012.Google Scholar
Drakakis, John. British Radio Drama. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981.Google Scholar
Esquenazi, Rose. O Rádio Na Segunda Guerra: No Ar, Francis Hallawell, o Chico Da BBC. Florianópolis: Editora Insular, 2014.Google Scholar
Ferraz, Francisco Alves, Cézar. “Considerações Historiográficas sobre a Participação Brasileira na Segunda Guerra Mundial: Balanço da Produção Bibliográfica e suas Tendências.Esboços: Histórias em Contextos Globais 22.34 (2015): 207232.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fortes, Alexandre. “World War II and Brazilian Workers: Populism at the Intersections between National and Global Histories.International Review of Social History 62.25 (2017): 165190.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gillespie, Marie and Nieto McAvoy, Eva. “The BBC’s Corporate Cosmopolitanism: The Diasporic Voice Between Empire and Cold War.Cosmopolitanism in Conflict: Imperial Encounters from the Seven Years’ War to the Cold War. Ed. Gusejnova, Dina, pp. 179209. London: Palgrave, 2018.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gonçalves, Leandro Pereira.The Integralism of Plínio Salgado: Luso-Brazilian Relations.Portuguese Studies 30.1 (2014): 6793.Google Scholar
Gonçalves, Leandro Pereira and Caldeira Neto, Odilon. O Fascismo em Camisas Verdes: do integralismo ao neointegralismo. Rio de Janeiro: FGV Editora, 2020.Google Scholar
Guerellus, Natália de Santanna. “Rachel de Queiroz Política: uma escrita entre esquerdas e direitas no Brasil (1910–1964).Caderno Espaço Feminino 29.1 (2016): 211236.Google Scholar
Irineu, Guerrini. 2006. “Brazilian Section: As Transmissões em Português da BBC Durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial.Batalha Sonora: O Rádio e a Segunda Guerra Mundial. Eds. Golin, Cida and de Abreu, João Batista, pp. 1735. Porto Alegre: EdiPUCRS.Google Scholar
Horten, Gerd. Radio Goes to War. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002.Google Scholar
Konder, Leandro. Introdução ao Fascismo. Rio de Janeiro: Graal, 1977.Google Scholar
Lafetá, João Luiz. 1930: A Crítica e o Modernismo. São Paulo: Livraria Duas Cidades, 2000.Google Scholar
Filho, Leal, Laurindo. Vozes de Londres: memórias brasileiras da BBC. São Paulo: EdUSP, 2008.Google Scholar
Leite, Lígia Chiappini. “Quando a pátria viaja: Uma leitura dos romances de Antônio Callado.O Nacional e o Popular na Cultura Brasileira: Artes Plásticas e Literatura. Ed. Zilio, Carlos, Lafetá, João Luiz, and Leite, Lígia Chiappini, pp. 129235. São Paulo: Brasiliense, 1983.Google Scholar
Mandur Thomaz, Daniel. “Propaganda and Entertainment in the BBC Latin American Service During WW2.” Media History (2021): 118.Google Scholar
Mandur Thomaz, Daniel “A Brazilian at the BBC War-Front: Entertainment, Propaganda and Modernism in Antônio Callado’s Radio Dramas for the Latin American Service (1941–1947).” Diss. University of Oxford, 2019.Google Scholar
Mandur Thomaz, DanielStepping onto an Unknown Island: The Forgotten Radio Scripts of Antônio Callado.Portuguese Studies Review 23.1 (2015): 293321.Google Scholar
Marques, Ivan and Bueno, Luís. “Em torno do romance de 30.Teresa, Revista de Literatura Brasileira 16 (2015): 811.Google Scholar
Martinelli, Marcos. Antonio Callado: Um Sermonário à Brasileira. São Paulo: Annablume, 2007.Google Scholar
McCann, Frank D.Brazil and World War II: The Forgotten Ally—What Did You Do in the War, Zé Carioca.Estudios Interdisciplinarios de América Latina y El Caribe 6 2 (1995): 3570.Google Scholar
Miceli, Sérgio. Intelectuais à Brasileira. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 2001.Google Scholar
Moraes, Eduardo Jardim de. A Brasilidade Modernista. Rio de Janeiro: Graal, 1978.Google Scholar
Moura, Murilo Marcondes de. O Mundo Sitiado: A poesia brasileira e a Segunda Guerra Mundial. São Paulo: Editora 34, 2016.Google Scholar
Oliveira, Rodrigo Santos de. “A produção modernista de Plínio Salgado e suas influências no Integralismo.Historiæ, Rio Grande 6. 1 (2015): 323346.Google Scholar
Oliveira, RodrigoA evolução dos estudos sobre o integralismo.Estudos Ibero-Americanos 36.1 (2010): 118138.Google Scholar
Palharine, R. S. “A segunda guerra mundial nas crônicas de Raquel de Queiroz (1944–1945): Diálogos.” Diss. University of São Paulo, 2016.Google Scholar
Pereira, Anthony W.The US Role in the 1964 Coup in Brazil: A Reassessment.Bulletin of Latin American Research 37.1 (2018): 517.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Prado, Antônio Arnoni. 1922—Itinerário de uma Falsa Vanguarda: os Dissidentes, a Semana e o Integralismo. São Paulo: Brasiliense, 1983.Google Scholar
Ramos, Alexandre Pinheiro.O integralismo, de Hélio Trindade, quarenta anos depois: Uma crítica à sua recepção.Antítese 7.14 (2014): 324347.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ridenti, Marcelo. “The Debate over Military (or Civilian-Military?) Dictatorship in Brazil in Historiographical Context.Bulletin of Latin American Research 37.1 (2018): 3342.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ridenti, MarceloArtistas e intelectuais no Brasil Pós-1960.Tempo Social 17.1 (2005): 81110.Google Scholar
Ridenti, MarceloCultura e Política: os Anos 1960–1970 e sua Herança.O Brasil Republicano: o Tempo da Ditadura. Ed. Ferreira, Jorge and Lucilia, A. N. Delgado, pp. 133166. Rio de Janeiro: Civilização Brasileira, 2003.Google Scholar
Rodrigues, Leôncio Martins. “O PCB, os Dirigentes e a Organização.O Brasil Republicano: Sociedade e Politica (1930–1964). Ed. Gomes, Angela de Castro, pp. 411412. Rio de Janeiro: Bertrand Brasil, 1995.Google Scholar
Seul, Stephanie and Ribeiro, Nelson. “Revisiting Transnational Broadcasting: The BBC’s Foreign-Language Services during the Second World War.” Media History 21.4 (2015): 365377.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Trindade, Hélgio. “O radicalismo militar em 1964 e a Nova Tentação Fascista.21 anos de regime militar: Balanços e perspectivas. Ed. Soares, G. and D´Araujo, M. C., pp. 123141. Rio de Janeiro: Editora da Fundação Getúlio Vargas, 1994.Google Scholar
Trindade, Hélgio Integralismo: o Fascismo Brasileiro na Década de 30. São Paulo: Difusão Européia do Livro, 1974.Google Scholar
Whittington, Ian. Writing the Radio War: Literature, Politics and the BBC, 1939–1945. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2018.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure no-reply@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×