Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-hc48f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T17:04:52.474Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Bibliography

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 December 2014

Janina Dill
Janina Dill
Affiliation:
University of Oxford
Get access

Summary

A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
Legitimate Targets?
Social Construction, International Law and US Bombing
 , pp. 311 - 348
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2014

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aaken, Anna (2006) To do Away with International Law? Some Limits to ‘The Limits of International Law’, 17 European Journal of International Law289.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Abbott, Kenneth W. (1989) Modern International Relations Theory: A Prospectus for International Lawyers, 14 Yale Journal of International Law2.Google Scholar
Abbott, Kenneth W. (2004/5) Toward a Richer Institutionalism for International Law and Policy, 1 Journal of International Law and International Relations9.Google Scholar
Abbott, Kenneth W., Keohane, Robert O., Moravcsik, Andrew, Slaughter, Anne-Marie and Snidal, Duncan (2000) The Concept of Legalization, 54 International Organisation401.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Abbott, Kenneth W. and Snidal, Duncan (2000) Hard and Soft Law in International Governance, 54 International Organization421.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Abbott, Kenneth W. and Snidal, Duncan (2002) Values and Interests: International Legalization in the Fight Against Corruption, 31 Journal of Legal StudiesS141.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Abbott, Kenneth W. and Snidal, Duncan (2012) Law, Legalization, and Politics: An Agenda for the next Generation of IR/IL Scholars, in Dunoff, Jeffrey L. and Pollack, Mark A., eds., Interdisciplinary Perspectives on International Law and International Relations: The State of the Art, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Abi-Saab, George (1984) The Specificities of Humanitarian Law, in Swinarski, Christophe, ed., Studies and Essays on International Humanitarian Law and Red Cross Principles in Honour of Jean Pictet, Berlin: Springer Verlag.Google Scholar
Adler, Emanuel (1997) Imagined (Security) Communities: Cognitive Regions in International Relations, 26 Millennium1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Adler, Emanuel (2005) Communitarian International Relations: The Epistemic Foundations of International Relations, New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Adler, Emanuel and Pouliot, Vincent, eds. (2011) International Practices, Cambridge University Press.CrossRef
Akande, Dapo (2010) Clearing the Fog of War? The ICRC’s Interpretive Guidance on Direct Participation in Hostilities, 59 International and Comparative Law Quarterly180.Google Scholar
Akehurst, Michael (1977) Custom as a Source of International Law, 47 British Yearbook of International Law1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
al-Khahl, Samir (1991) Iraq and its Future, New York Review of Books, 11 April 1991.Google Scholar
Allott, Philip (1990) Eunomia: New World Order for a New World, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Allott, Philip (2001) The Emerging Universal Legal System, 3 International Law Forum du Droit International12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alter, Karen (2000) ‘Regime Design Matters: Designing International Legal Systems for Maximum or Minimum Effectiveness’, Paper presented at the 41st ISA Conference Los Angeles.
Altman, Andrew (2012) Introduction, in Finkelstein, Claire, Ohlin, Jens David and Altman, Andrew, eds., Targeted Killings: Law and Morality in an Asymmetrical World, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Anderegg, Clarence R. (2001) Sierra Hotel: Flying Air Force Fighters in the Decade After Vietnam, Air Force History and Museums Program.Google Scholar
Archer, Margaret S. (1982) Morphogenesis versus Structuration: On Combining Structure and Action, 33 British Journal of Sociology455.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arkin, William N. (1997) Baghdad: The Urban Sanctuary in Desert Storm?Airpower Journal Spring.Google Scholar
Arquilla, John (2012) Cyberwar is Already Upon Us, Foreign Policy March/April.Google Scholar
Ashley, Richard K. (1986) The Poverty of Neorealism, in Keohane, Robert O., ed., Neorealism and its Critics, New York NY: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Atkinson, Rick (1993) Crusade: The Untold Story of the Persian Gulf War, Boston NA: Houghton Mifflin Company.Google Scholar
Atkinson, Rick (2004) In the Company of Soldiers: A Chronicle of Combat in Iraq, New York: Henry Holt and Co.Google Scholar
Atkinson, Rick and Balz, Dan (1991) Bomb Strike Kills Scores of Civilians in Building Called Military Bunker by US, Shelter by Iraq, Washington Post, 14 February 1991.Google Scholar
Austin, John (1832/1995) The Province of Jurisprudence Determined, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Austin, John (1879) Lectures on Jurisprudence or the Philosophy of Law, London: Campbell (reprinted by Thoemmes Press in 2002).Google Scholar
Ayson, Robert (2011) The Changing Character of Warfare, Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bacevich, Andrew J. (1996) Just War: Morality and High Technology, 45 The National Interest37–47; reprinted (1998) Just War in a New Era of Military Affairs, in Abrams, Elliott, ed., Close Calls: Intervention, Terrorism, Missile Defense and ‘Just War’ Today, Lanham MD: Rowman and Littlefield.Google Scholar
Barnett, Michael and Sikkink, Kathryn (2010) From International Relations to Global Society, in Reus-Smit, Christian and Snidal, Duncan, eds., The Oxford Handbook of International Relations, New York NY: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Barrett, David M. ed. (1997) Lyndon B. Johnson’s Vietnam Papers: A Documentary Collection, College Station TX: Texas A&M University Press.
Bashir, Martin (2006) ‘Rules of Engagement: “Kill all Military-Aged-Males”’, (last accessed 29 March 2011).
Battistella, Dario (2008) The Return of the States of War: A Theoretical Analysis of Operation Iraqi Freedom, Colchester: ECPR Press.Google Scholar
Bederman, David (2006) International Law Frameworks, New York: Foundation Press.Google Scholar
Beier, Marshall J. (2003) Discriminating Tastes: Smart Bombs, Non Combatants and Notions of Legitimacy in Warfare, 34 Security Dialogue413.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Belkin, Aaron, Clark, Michael, Gokcek, Gigi, Hinckley, Robert, Knecht, Tom and Patterson, Eric (2002) When Is Strategic Bombing Effective? Domestic Legitimacy and Aerial Denial, 11 Security Studies51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bellavia, David with Bruning, John R. (2008) House to House: An Epic Memoir of War, New York: Free Press.Google Scholar
Bellinger, John and Hayes, William J. (2006) ‘US Initial Reactions to ICRC Study on Customary International Law’, (last accessed 16 June 2011).
Belt, Walter Stuart (2000) Missiles over Kosovo: Emergence, Lex Lata of a Customary Norm Requiring the Use of Precision Munitions in Urban Areas, 47 Naval Law Review115.Google Scholar
Bergen, Peter and Tiedemann, Katherine (2011) Washington’s Phantom War, 90 Foreign Affairs4.Google Scholar
Berman, Paul Schiff (2005) Book Review: Seeing Beyond the Limits of International Law, 84 Texas Law Review1256.Google Scholar
Besson, Samantha (2011) Sovereignty, International Law and Democracy, 22 European Journal of International Law373.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Besson, Samantha and Tasioulas, John, eds. (2010) The Philosophy of International Law, Oxford University Press.
Best, Geoffrey (1983) Humanity in Warfare: The Modern History of the International Law of Armed Conflict, New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Best, Geoffrey (1997) War and Law Since 1945, Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Biddle, Stephen (2004) Military Power: Explaining Victory and Defeat in Modern Battle, Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Biddle, Tami Davis (2002) Rhetoric and Reality in Air Warfare: The Evolution of British and American Ideas about Strategic Bombing, 1914–1945, Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Blum, Gabriella (2010) The Dispensable Life of Soldiers, 2 Journal of Legal Analysis1, 69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blum, Vanessa (2001) Jag Goes to War, Legal Times, 15 November 2011, (last accessed 12 November 2008).Google Scholar
Bogdandy, Armin (2006) Constitutionalism in International Law: Comment on a Proposal from Germany, 47 Harvard International Law Journal223.Google Scholar
Bork, Robert H. (1989/90) The Limits of ‘International Law’, 18 National Interest3.Google Scholar
Bothe, Michael (2001) The Protection of the Civilian Population and NATO Bombing on Yugoslavia: Comments on a Report to the Prosecutor of the ICTY, 12 European Journal of International Law531.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bothe, Michael and Fischer-Lescano, Andreas (2002) Protego et Obligo: Afghanistan and the Paradox of Sovereignty, 3 German Law Journal1.Google Scholar
Bothe, Michael, Partsch, Karl J. and Solf, Waldemar A., eds. (1982) New Rules for Victims of Armed Conflicts: Commentary on the Two 1977 Protocols Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 1949, Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.
Bowman, Steve (2003) Iraq: US Military Operations, Washington DC: Congressional Research Service Report to Congress.Google Scholar
Brunnée, Jutta and Toope, Stephen J. (2000) International Law and Constructivism: Elements of an Interactional Theory of International Law, 39 Columbia Journal of Transnational Law19.Google Scholar
Brunnée, Jutta and Toope, Stephen J. (2010) Legitimacy and Legality in International Law: An Interactional Account, Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brunnée, Jutta and Toope, Stephen J. (2011a) International Legal Practice, in Adler, Emmanuel and Pouliot, Vincent, eds., International Practices, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Brunnée, Jutta and Toope, Stephen J. (2011b) Interactional International Law: An Introduction in Symposium on Legitimacy and Legality in International Law: An Interactional Account by Jutta Brunnée and Stephen J. Toope, 3 International Theory307.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brunnée, Jutta and Toope, Stephen J. (2011c) History, Mystery, and Mastery, Symposium on Legitimacy and Legality in International Law: An Interactional Account by Jutta Brunnée and Stephen J. Toope, 3 International Theory348.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bryde, Brunn-Otto (2003) Konstitutionalisierung des Völkerrechts und Internationalisierung des Verfassungsrechts, 42 Der Staat61.Google Scholar
Budiansky, Stephen (2004) Air Power: The Men, Machines, and Ideas that Revolutionized War from Kitty Hawk to Iraq, New York: Penguin Books.Google Scholar
Bull, Hedley (1977) The Anarchical Society, Hong Kong: Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bull, Hedley (1995) Society and Anarchy in International Relations, in Der Derian, James, ed., International Theory: Critical Investigations, Hong Kong: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Burgorgue-Larsen, Laurence and de Torres, Amaya Ùbeda (2011) The Inter-American Court of Human Rights: Case Law and Commentary, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Butler, Judith (2004) Precarious Life: The Powers of Mourning and Violence, New York: Verso.Google Scholar
Butler, Richard J. (2002) Modern War, Modern Law, and Army Doctrine: Are We in Step for the 21st Century? 32 Parameters45.Google Scholar
Buzan, Barry (2004) From International to World Society, Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buzan, Barry (2007) People, States and Fear, Colchester: ECPR Press.Google Scholar
Byers, Michael (1999) Custom, Power and the Power of Rules: International Relations and Customary International Law, Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Byers, Michael (2005) War Law: Understanding International Law and Armed Conflict, London: Atlantic Books.Google Scholar
Byers, Michael (2010) International Law, in Reus-Smit, Christian and Snidal, Duncan, eds., The Oxford Handbook of International Relations, New York NY: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Byers, Michael, ed. (2000) The Role of Law in International Politics: Essays in International Relations and International Law, Oxford University Press.
Byman, Daniel, Waxman, Matthew C. and Larson, Eric V. (1999) Air Power as a Coercive Instrument, Santa Monica CA: RAND Corporation.Google Scholar
Canestaro, Nathan (2004) Legal and Policy Constraints on the Conduct of Aerial Precision Warfare, 37 Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law431.Google Scholar
Carnahan, Burrus (1998) Lincoln, Lieber and the Laws of War: The Origins and Limits of the Principle of Military Necessity, 92 American Journal of International Law213.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carr, Edward Hallet (1946) The Twenty Years’ Crisis, 1919–1939: An Introduction to the Study of International Relations, London: Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Caverley, Jonathan D. (2010/11) Explaining US Military Strategy in Vietnam: Thinking Clearly about Causation, 35 International Security124.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Centre for Law and Military Operations (2004) Legal Lessons Learned from Afghanistan and Iraq. Vol. I: Major Combat Operations (11 September 2001–1 May 2003), Charlottesville VA: The Judge Advocate General’s Legal Center and School.Google Scholar
Chatham House (2011) ‘Summary of the International Law Discussion Group’, Meeting held at Chatham House 21 February 2011, (last accessed 17 March 2011).
Chayes, Abram (1972) An Inquiry into the Workings of Arms Control Agreements, 85 Harvard Law Review905.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chayes, Abram (1974) The Cuban Missile Crisis: International Crises and the Role of Law, New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Chayes, Abram and Chayes, Antonia Handler (1993) On Compliance, 47 International Organization176.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chayes, Abram and Chayes, Antonia Handler (1995) The New Sovereignty: Compliance with International Regulatory Agreements, Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Chesterman, Simon (2008) An International Rule of Law? 52 American Journal of Comparative Law2.Google Scholar
Chinkin, Christine M. (1989) The Challenge of Soft Law: Development and Change in International Law, 38 International and Comparative Law Quarterly850.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clark, Gregory S. (2002) Linebacker II: Achieving Strategic Surprise, Naval War College Newport RI: Naval War College.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clark, Ramsey (1992) The Fire this Time: US War Crimes in the Gulf, New York: Thunder’s Mouth Press.Google Scholar
Clodfelter, Mark (1997) Molding Air Power Convictions: Development and Legacy of William Mitchell’s Strategic Thought, in Melinger, Phillip S., ed., The Paths of Heaven: The Evolution of Air Power Theory, Maxwell AL: Air University Press.Google Scholar
Clodfelter, Mark (2006) The Limits of Air Power: The American Bombing of North Vietnam, Lincoln NE: University of Nebraska Press.Google Scholar
Clodfelter, Mark (2008) A Strategy Based on Faith: The Enduring Appeal of Progressive American Airpower, 49 Joint Force Quarterly24.Google Scholar
Clodfelter, Mark (2009) Back from the Future: The Impact of Change on Airpower in the Decades Ahead,Strategic Studies Quarterly Fall104.Google Scholar
Coady, Tony C. H. J. (2008) The Status of Combatants, in Rodin, David and Shue, Henry, eds., Just and Unjust Warriors: The Moral and Legal Status of Soldiers, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Coates, Anthony (2008) Is the Independent Application of Jus in Bello the Way to Limit War? in Rodin, David and Shue, Henry, eds., Just and Unjust Warriors: The Moral and Legal Status of Soldiers, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Cochrane, Kathryn (2001) Kosovo Targeting – a Bureaucratic and Legal Nightmare: The Implications for US/Australian Interoperability, Fairbairn: Royal Australian Aerospace Centre.Google Scholar
Coe, Robert A. and Schmitt, Michael N. (1997) Fighter Ops for Shoe Clerks, 42 Air Force Law Review49.Google Scholar
Cohen, Amichai and Shany, Yuval (2007) A Development of Modest Proportions: The Application of the Principle of Proportionality in the Israeli Supreme Court Judgement on the Lawfulness of Targeted Killings, International Law Forum, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Research Paper no. 5–07.
Cohen, Eliot (1994) The Mystique of US Air Power, 73 Foreign Affairs109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cohen, Eliot (1995) The Meaning and Future of Air Power, 39 Orbis189.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cohen, Eliot (2004) Change and Transformation in Military Affairs, 27 Journal of Strategic Studies404.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cohen, Jean (2010) Sovereignty in the Context of Globalization: A Constitutionalist Pluralist Perspective, in Besson, Samantha and Tasioulas, John, eds., The Philosophy of International Law, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Coker, Christopher (2001) Humane Warfare, London: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Colgan, Jeff D., Keohane, Robert O. and Van de Graaf, Thijs (2012) Punctuated Equilibrium in the Energy Regime Complex, 7 The Review of International Organizations117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Conetta, Carl (2002) Operation Enduring Freedom: Why a Higher Rate of Civilian Bombing Casualties, Project on Defense Alternatives, Briefing Report no. 13.
Conetta, Carl (2003a) The Wages of War: Iraqi Combatant and Noncombatant Fatalities in the 2003 Conflict, Project on Defense Alternatives, Research Monograph no. 8.
Conetta, Carl (2003b) Catastrophic Interdiction: Air Power and the Collapse of the Iraqi Field Army in 2003, Project on Defense Alternatives, Briefing Memo no. 30.
Cooper, Jeffrey R. (1997) Another View of the Revolution in Military Affairs, in Arquilla, John and Ronfeldt, David, eds., In Athena’s Camp: Preparing for Conflict in the Information Age, Santa Monica CA: RAND.Google Scholar
Cordesman, Anthony H. (2003) The Evolving Ethical, Moral, and Legal Dilemmas of the Iraq War, Washington DC: Centre for Strategic and International Studies.Google Scholar
Corten, Olivier (2010) The Law Against War: The Prohibition on the Use of Force in Contemporary International Law, Oxford and Portland RI: Hart.Google Scholar
Crawford, Emily (2010) The Treatment of Combatants and Insurgents Under the Law of Armed Conflict, Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crawford, James and Koskenniemi, Martti (2012) Introduction, in Crawford, James and Koskenniemi, Martti, eds., The Cambridge Companion to International Law, Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crawford, Neta C. (1993) Decolonization as an International Norm: The Evolution of Practices, Norms and Beliefs, in Reed, Laura W. and Kaysen, Carl, eds., Emerging Norms of Justified Intervention, Cambridge MA: American Academy of Arts and Sciences.Google Scholar
Crawford, Neta C. (2007) Individual and Collective Moral Responsibility for Systemic Military Atrocity, 15 The Journal of Political Philosophy187.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crawford, Neta C. (2010) Bugsplat: US Standing Rules of Engagement, International Humanitarian Law, Military Necessity, and Non-Combatant Immunity, Washington DC: United States Institute of Peace.Google Scholar
Cummins, Robert (1983) The Nature of Psychological Explanation, Cambridge MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press.Google Scholar
D’Amato, Anthony (1971) The Concept of Custom in International Law, Ithaca NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Danilenko, Gennady (1993) Law-Making in the International Community, Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff.Google Scholar
Daponte, Beth Osborne (1993) A Case Study in Estimating Casualties from War and Its Aftermath: The 1991 Persian Gulf War, 3 Medicine & Global Survival2.Google Scholar
Davis, Mike (2003) War-Mart: Revolution in Warfare Slouches Toward Baghdad – It’s All in the Network, San Francisco Chronicle, 9 March 2003, D1.Google Scholar
Davis, Nancy (1984) The Doctrine of Double Effect: Problems of Interpretation, 65 Pacific Philosophical Quarterly107.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
DeSaussure, Hamilton (1967) The Laws of Air Warfare: Are There Any? in Falk, Richard A., ed., The Vietnam War and International Law, Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
DeSaussure, Hamilton and Glasser, Robert (1975) Methods and Means of Warfare: Air Warfare-Christmas 1972, in Trooboff, Peter D. and Goldberg, Arthur J., eds., Law and Responsibility in Warfare: The Vietnam Experience, Chapel Hill NC: University of North Carolina Press.Google Scholar
Dill, Janina (2013) Should International Law Ensure the Moral Acceptability of War? 26 The Leiden Journal of International Law2.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dill, Janina and Shue, Henry (2012) Limiting Killing in War: Military Necessity and the St Petersburg Assumption, 26 Ethics and International Affairs311.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dinstein, Yoram (2002) Legitimate Military Objectives Under the Current Jus in Bello, in Wall, Andru E., ed., Legal and Ethical Lessons of NATO’s Kosovo Campaign, Newport RI: Naval War College.Google Scholar
Dinstein, Yoram (2005) War Aggression and Self-Defence, Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dinstein, Yoram (2010) The Conduct of Hostilities Under the Law of International Armed Conflict, Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Donelly, Jack (2010) The Ethics of Realism, in Reus-Smit, Christian and Snidal, Duncan, eds., The Oxford Handbook of International Relations, New York NY: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Doty, Rosanne Lynne (1997) Aporia: A Critical Examination of the Agent-structure Problematique in International Relations Theory, 3 European Journal of International Relations365.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dougherty, Bernard and Quénivet, Noelle (2003) Has Armed Conflict in Iraq Shown once more the Growing Dissension Regarding the Definition of a Legitimate Target? What and Who can be Lawfully Targeted? 4 Humanitäres Völkerrecht188.Google Scholar
Downes, Alexander B. (2007) Restraint or Propellant? Democracy and Civilian Fatalities in Interstate Wars, 51 Journal of Conflict Resolution872.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Downes, Alexander B. (2008) Targeting Civilians in War, Ithaca NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Downs, George W., Rocke, David M. and Barsoom, Peter N. (1996) Is the Good News About Compliance Good News About Cooperation? 50 International Organisation379.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Drake, Ricky (1992) The Rules of Aerial Defeat: The Impact of Aerial Rules of Engagement on Operations in North Vietnam 1965–1968, Maxwell AL: School of Advanced Airpower Studies Air University.Google Scholar
Dunlap, Charles J. (1999) Technology: Recomplicating Moral Life for the Nation’s Defenders, 29 Parameters24.Google Scholar
Dunlap, Charles J. (2000a) Kosovo, Casualty Aversion, and the American Military Ethos: A Perspective, 10 Air Force Journal of Legal Studies95.Google Scholar
Dunlap, Charles J. (2000b) The End of Innocence: Rethinking Noncombatancy in the Post-Kosovo Era, 14 Strategic Review9.Google Scholar
Dunlap, Charles J. (2001a) The Revolution in Military Legal Affairs. Air Force Legal Professionals in the 21st Century, 51 Air Force Law Review293.Google Scholar
Dunlap, Charles J. (2001b) ‘Law and Military Interventions: Preserving Humanitarian Values in 21st Century Conflicts’, (last accessed 16 August 2009).
Dunlap, Charles J. (2008) Lawfare Today, 3 Yale Journal of International Affairs146.Google Scholar
Dunoff, Jeffrey L. (2011) What is the Purpose of International Law? 3 International Theory326.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dunoff, Jeffrey L. and Pollack, Mark A. (2012a) International Law and International Relations. Introducing an Interdisciplinary Dialogue, in Dunoff, Jeffrey L. and Pollack, Mark A., eds., Interdisciplinary Perspectives on International Law and International Relations: The State of the Art, Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dunoff, Jeffrey L. and Pollack, Mark A. (2012b) Reviewing Two Decades of IL/IR Scholarship. What We’ve Learned, What’s Next, in Dunoff, Jeffrey L. and Pollack, Mark A., eds., Interdisciplinary Perspectives on International Law and International Relations: The State of the Art, Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dupuy, René-Jean (1986) La Communauté Internationale Entre Mythe et l’Histoire, Paris: Economica.Google Scholar
Eagleton, Chy (1939) International Law and ‘Public Order’, 33 American Journal of International Law3.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elster, Jon (1983) Studies in Rationality and Social Change: Explaining Technical Change, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Elster, Jon (1989) The Cement of Society: A Study of Social Order, Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Engle, Eric Allen (2009) The History of the General Principle of Proportionality: An Overview, 13 Willamette Journal of International Law and Dispute Resolution149.Google Scholar
Epping, Volker (2007) Confronting New Challenges: International Humanitarian Law and Knut Ipsen, in von Heinegg, Wolff Heintschel and Epping, Volker, eds., International Humanitarian Law Facing New Challenges. Symposium in Honor of Knut Ipsen, Berlin and Heidelberg: Springer.Google Scholar
Eritrea–Ethiopia Claims Commission (2005) ‘Partial Award Western Front, Aerial Bombardment and Related Claims’. Eritrea’s Claims 1, 3, 5, 9–13, 14, 21, 25 and 26, (last accessed 25 May 2011).
Erskine, Tony (2010) Locating Responsibility: The Problem of Moral Agency in International Relations, in Reus-Smit, Christian and Snidal, Duncan, eds., Oxford Handbook of International Relations, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Fabre, Cécile (2009) Guns, Food, and Liability to Attack in War, 120 Ethics36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fabre, Cécile (2012) Cosmopolitan War, Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Faiez, Rahim (2012) Afghanistan: NATO Airstrikes Killed 8 Civilians, The Huffington Post, 27 May 2012, (last accessed 19 January 2012).Google Scholar
Falk, Richard (1969) Six Legal Dimensions of the United States Involvement in the Vietnam War, in Falk, Richard, ed., The Vietnam War and International Law, Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Fall, Bernard B. (1965) ‘Vietnam Blitz’, New Republic, 9 October 1965, 17.Google Scholar
Farrell, Henry and Finnemore, Martha (2009) Ontology, Methodology and Causation in the American School of International Political Economy, 16 Review of International Political Economy58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Farrell, Stephen (2008) Iraqis Protest Deadly Raid by I.S. on Village, New York Times, 20 September 2008.Google Scholar
Farrell, Theo (2005) The Norms of War: Cultural Beliefs and Modern Conflict, Boulder CO: Lynne Rienner.Google Scholar
Fastenrath, Ulrich (1993) Relative Normativity in International Law, 4 European Journal of International Law305.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fearon, James and Wendt, Alexander (2002) Rationalism v. Constructivism: A Sceptical View, in Carlsnaes, Walter, Risse, Thomas and Simmons, Beth A., eds., Handbook of International Relations, London: Sage.Google Scholar
Fehl, Caroline (2004) Explaining the International Criminal Court: A ‘Practice Test’ for Rationalist and Constructivist Approaches, 10 European Journal of International Relations357.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fenrick, William J. (2004) The Prosecution of Unlawful Attack Cases Before the ICTY, 7 Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law153.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fenrick, William J. (2009) Applying the Targeting Rules to Practical Situations: Proportionality and Military Objectives, 27 Windsor Year Book of Access to Justice271.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fichtelberg, Aaron (2008) Law at the Vanishing Point: A Philosophical Analysis of International Law, Surrey: Ashgate.Google Scholar
Fick, Nathaniel (2005) One Bullet Away: The Making of a Marine Officer, New York: Houghton Mifflin.Google Scholar
Fidler, David P. (1996) Challenging the Classical Concept of Custom: Perspectives on the Future of Customary International Law, 39 German Yearbook of International Law198.Google Scholar
Finnemore, Martha (1999/2000) Are Legal Norms Distinctive? 36 New York University Journal of International Law and Politics699.Google Scholar
Finnemore, Martha and Sikkink, Kathryn (1998) International Norm Dynamics and Political Change, 52 International Organization887.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Finnemore, Martha and Sikkink, Kathryn (2001) Taking Stock: The Constructivist Research Program in International Relations and Comparative Politics, 4 Annual Review of Politic Science391.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Finnemore, Martha and Toope, Stephen J. (2001) Alternatives to ‘Legalization’: Richer Views of Law and Politics, 55 International Organization743.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Firmage, Edwin Brown (1967) The Law and the Indochina War, in Falk, Richard A., ed., The Vietnam War and International Law, Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Fitzgerald, Mary C. (2003) A Noncontact, Contact War: What Iraqi Freedom Showed Russia and China, 141 Armed Forces Journal26.Google Scholar
Fletcher, George P. and Ohlin, Jens David (2008) Defending Humanity: When Force is Justified and Why, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Fontenot, Gregory (2005) On Point: The United States Army in Operation Iraqi Freedom, Annapolis MD: First Naval Institute Press.Google Scholar
Forowicz, Magdalena (2010) The Reception of International Law in the European Court of Human Rights, Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Franck, Thomas M. (1990) The Power of Legitimacy Among Nations, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Franck, Thomas M. (1992) Legitimacy in the International System, in Koskenniemi, Martti, ed., International Law, Aldershot: Ashgate.Google Scholar
Franck, Thomas M. (1995) Fairness in International Law and Institutions, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Franck, Thomas M. (2006) The Power of Legitimacy and the Legitimacy of Power: International Law in an Age of Power Disequilibrium, 100 American Journal of International Law88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Friedland, Martin L. ed. (1989) Sanctions and Rewards in the Legal System: A Multidisciplinary Approach, Toronto University Press.CrossRef
Friedman, George and Friedman, Meredith (1996) The Future of War: Power, Technology and American World Dominance in the Twenty-First Century, New York: Crown Publishers.Google Scholar
Fuller, Lon L. (1958) Positivism and Fidelity to Law: A Reply to Professor Hart, 71 Harvard Law Review630.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fuller, Lon L. (1969) The Morality of Law, New Haven CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Gardam, Judith Gail (1993) Proportionality and Force in International Law, 87 American Journal of International Law391.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gardner, John (2001) Legal Positivism. 5½ Myths, 46 American Journal of Jurisprudence199.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garraway, Charles (2004) Interoperability and the Atlantic Divide: A Bridge over Troubled Waters, 34 Israel Yearbook on Human Rights105.Google Scholar
Garraway, Charles (2014) The Law Applies But What Law? in Evangelista, Matthew and Shue, Henry, eds., The American Way of Bombing: How Legal and Ethical Norms Change, Ithaca NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Gasser, Hans-Peter (1993) International Humanitarian Law: An Introduction, Bem and Geneva: Henry Dunant Institute/Paul Haupt Publisher.Google Scholar
Gellman, Barton (1991) Allied Air War Struck Broadly in Iraq: Officials Acknowledge Strategy Went beyond Purely Military Targets, The Washington Post, 23 June 1991, A1.Google Scholar
Gelpi, Christopher, Feaver, Peter D. and Reifler, Jason (2005) ‘Casualty Sensitivity and the War in Iraq’, (last accessed 26 August 2013).
George, Alexander L. and Bennett, Andrew (2005) Case Studies and Theory Development in the Social Sciences, Cambridge MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press.Google Scholar
Gibbons, William Konrad (1995) The US Government and the Vietnam War: Executive and Legislative Roles and Relationship. Part IV July 1965– January 1968, Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Giddens, Anthony (1984) The Constitution of Society: Outline of the Theory of Structuration, Oakland CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Goldsmith, Jack L. and Posner, Eric A. (2005) The Limits of International Law, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Goldstein, Judith, Kahler, Miles, Keohane, Robert O. and Slaughter, Anne-Marie (2000) Introduction: Legalization and World Politics, 54 International Organization385.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldstein, Judith and Keohane, Robert O. (1993) Ideas in Foreign Policy, Ithaca NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Goldstein, Judith and Martin, Lisa L. (2000) Legalization, Trade Liberalization, and Domestic Politics: A Cautionary Note, 54 International Organization603.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goodman, Ryan and Jinks, Derek (2004) How to Influence States: Socialization and International Human Rights Law, 54 Duke Law Journal621.Google Scholar
Goodman, Ryan and Jinks, Derek (2005) International Law and State Socialization. Empirical, Conceptual, and Normative Challenges, 54 Duke Law Journal102.Google Scholar
Goodman, Ryan and Jinks, Derek (2008) Incomplete Internalization and Compliance with Human Rights Law, 19 European Journal of International Law725.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goodman, Ryan and Jinks, Derek (2009) Acculturation and International Human Rights Law: Toward a more Complete Theoretical Model, 20 European Journal of International Law443.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gordon, Michael R. (1991) US Calls Target a Command Center, New York Times, 14 February 1991.Google Scholar
Gordon, Michael R. and Trainor, Bernard E. (2006) Cobra II: The Inside Story of the Invasion and Occupation of Iraq, New York: Pantheon Books.Google Scholar
Gordon, Robert W. (1982) Critical Legal Histories, 36 Stanford Law Review125.Google Scholar
Gordon, Steven C. and Martin, Douglas D. (2005) Modelling and Simulation for Collateral Damage Estimation in Combat, 309 Proceedings of the International Society for Optical Engineering5805.Google Scholar
Graham, Stephen (2004) Postmortem City: Towards an Urban Geopolitics, 8 City165.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gray, Colin S. (1999) Modern Strategy, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Gray, Colin S. (2006) Another Bloody Century. Future Warfare, Phoenix Paperbacks.Google Scholar
Grayling, A. C. (2006) Among the Dead Cities. The History and Moral Legacy of the WWII Bombing of Civilians in Germany and Japan, New York NY: Walker Publishing Company.Google Scholar
Green, Leslie C. (1967) Aftermath of Vietnam: War Law and the Soldier, in Falk, Richard A., ed., The Vietnam War and International Law, PrincetonUniversity Press.Google Scholar
Green, Leslie C. (2002) The ‘Unified Use of Force Rule’ and the Law of Armed Conflict: A Reply to Professor Martin, 65 Saskatchewan Law Review427.Google Scholar
Green, Leslie C. (2003) ‘Legal Positivism’, in Stanford Encyclopaedia of Jurisprudence, (last accessed 04 October 2012).Google Scholar
Greenspan, Morris L. (1959) The Modern Law of Land Warfare, Oakland CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Gregory, Derek (2004) The Colonial Present. Afghanistan, Palestine, Iraq, Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Gregory, Derek (2006) ‘In Another Time-zone, the Bombs fall Unsafely … ’. Targets, Civilians and Late-modern War, 9 Arab World Geographer88.Google Scholar
Grieco, Joseph M. (1988a) Anarchy and the Limits of Cooperation. A Realist Critique of the Newest Liberal Institutionalism, 42 International Organization485.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grieco, Joseph M. (1988b) Realist Theory and the Problem of International Cooperation. Analysis with an Amended Prisoner’s Dilemma Model, 50 The Journal of Politics600.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gross, Aeyal M. (2007) Human Proportions: Are Human Rights the Emperor’s New Clothes of the International Law of Occupation? 18 European Journal of International Law1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gross, Michael L. (2009) Moral Dilemmas of Modern War. Torture, Assassination, and Blackmail in an Age of Asymmetric Conflict, Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grotius, Hugo translated by Kelsey, Francis W. (1625) De Jure Belli ac Pacis, Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Guirola, Amos N. (2012a) The Importance of Criteria-based Reasoning in Targeted Killing Decisions, in Finkelstein, Claire, Ohlin, Jens David and Altman, Andrew, eds., Targeted Killings: Law and Morality in an Asymmetrical World, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Guirola, Amons N. (2012b) Determining a Legitimate Target: The Dilemma of the Decision-Maker, 47 Texas International Law Journal135.Google Scholar
Gurney, Gene (1985) Vietnam: The War in the Air: A Pictorial History of the US Air Forces in the Vietnam War. Air Force, Army, Navy, and Marines, New York: Crown Publishing Group.Google Scholar
Guzman, Andrew T. (2002) A Compliance-Based Theory of International Law, 9 California Law Review1823.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haas, Peter M. (1992) Epistemic Communities and International Policy Coordination, 46 International Organization35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Habermas, Jürgen (1996) Between Facts and Norms: Contributions to a Discourse Theory, Cambridge: Polity Press.Google Scholar
Habermas, Jürgen (1998) Rationality and Religion: Essays on Reason, God and Modernity. Cambridge MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press.Google Scholar
Hallion, Richard P. (1992) Storm over Iraq: Air Power and the Gulf War, Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution Press.Google Scholar
Hallion, Richard P. (1998) Airpower and the Changing Nature of Warfare, 17 Joint Forces Quarterly39.Google Scholar
Hampson, Françoise J. (1992a) Proportionality and Necessity in the Gulf Conflict, 86 Proceedings for the American Society of International Law45.Google Scholar
Hampson, Françoise J. (1992b) Using the International Human Rights Machinery to Enforce the International Law of Armed Conflict, 31 Revue de Droit Militaire et de Droit de la Guerre119.Google Scholar
Hampson, Françoise J. (1993) Means and Methods of Warfare in the Conflict in the Gulf, in Rowe, Peter, ed., The Gulf War 1990–1991 in International and English Law, London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Hampson, Françoise J. (2010) The Principle of Proportionality in the Law of Armed Conflict, in Perrigo, Sarah and Whitman, Jim, eds., The Geneva Conventions Under Assault, London: Pluto Press.Google Scholar
Harding, Christopher (1999) The Significance of Westphalia: An Archaeology of the International Legal Order, in Harding, Christopher, ed., Renegotiating Westphalia, Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.Google Scholar
Hart, H. L. A. (1958) Positivism and the Separation of Law and Morals, 71 Harvard Law Review539.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hart, H. L. A. (1997) The Concept of Law, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Hartigan, Richard Shelly (1982) The Forgotten Victim. A History of the Civilian, Chicago IL: Precedent Publishing.Google Scholar
Hathaway, Oona A. and Koh, Harold Hongju (2005) Foundations of International Law and Politics, New York: Foundation Press.Google Scholar
Heintschel v. Heinegg, Wolf (2003) Der Irak-Krieg und Ius in Bello, 41 Archiv des Völkerrechts272.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Henckaerts, Jean-Marie and Doswald-Beck, Louise, eds. (2005) Customary International Humanitarian Law, vol. I, Cambridge University Press.CrossRef
Henkin, Louis (1979) How Nations Behave: Law and Foreign Policy, New York NY: Council on Foreign Relations.Google Scholar
Henkin, Louis, Pugh, Richard Crawford, Schachter, Oscar and Smit, Hans (1993) International Law, Eagan MN: West Publishing.Google Scholar
Herol, Marc W. (2009) ‘Unworthy’ Afghan Bodies: ‘Smarter’ US Weapons Kill More Innocents, in Rockel, Stephen J. and Halpern, Rick, eds., Inventing Collateral Damage: Civilian Casualties, War, and Empire, Toronto: Between the Lines Press.Google Scholar
Herring, George (1996) America’s Longest War. The United States and Vietnam 1950–1975, New York: John Wiley and Sons.Google Scholar
Seymour, Hersh (2000) ‘Overwhelming Force: What Happened in the Final Days of the Gulf War?’, The New Yorker, 22 May 2000, 49.Google Scholar
Hopf, Ted (1998) The Promise of Constructivism in International Relations Theory, 23 International Security171.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hosmer, Stephen T. (1996) Psychological Effects of US Air Operations in Four Wars 1941–1991: Lessons for US Commanders, Santa Monica CA: RAND Corporation.Google Scholar
Hosmer, Stephen T. (2001) Why Milosevic Decided to Settle when he did, Santa Monica CA: RAND Corporation.Google Scholar
Hull, Isabel V. (2005) Absolute Destruction: Military Culture and the Practices of War in Imperial Germany, Ithaca NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Human Rights Watch (1991) Needless Deaths in the Gulf War: Civilian Casualties During the Air Campaign and Violations of the Laws of War, A Middle East Report, New York NY: Human Rights Watch.Google Scholar
Human Rights Watch (2003) Off Target: The Conduct of the War and Civilian Casualties in Iraq, A Middle East Report, New York NY: Human Rights Watch.Google Scholar
Human Rights Watch (2013) Between a Drone and AlQaida: The Civilian Cost of US Targeted Killings in Yemen, New York NY: Human Rights War.Google Scholar
Hurd, Ian (2007) Breaking and Making Norms: American Revisionism and Crises of Legitimacy, 44 International Politics194.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hurd, Ian (2010) Constructivism, in Reus-Smit, Christian and Snidal, Duncan, eds., The Oxford Handbook of International Relations, New York NY: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Hurka, Thomas (2005) Proportionality in the Morality of War, 33 Philosophy and Public Affairs34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hurka, Thomas (2008) Proportionality and Necessity, in May, Larry, ed., War: Essays in Political Philosophy, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Hurrell, Andrew (2002) Norms and Ethics in International Relations, in Carlsnaes, Walter, Risse, Thomas and Simmons, Beth A., eds., Handbook of International Relations, London: Sage.Google Scholar
International Committee of the Red Cross (1978) ‘Official Records of the Diplomatic Conference on the Reaffirmation and Development of International Humanitarian Law Applicable in Armed Conflicts/Conférence diplomatique sur la réaffirmation et le développement du droit international humanitaire applicable dans les conflits armés’ (1974–7), Vols. I–XIV, Geneva, (last accessed 4 October 2012).
International Committee of the Red Cross (2009) ‘ICRC Georgia Opinion Survey 2009’, 9 (last accessed 14 July 2009).
International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) (2000) ‘Final Report to the Prosecutor by the Committee Established to Review the NATO Bombing Campaign Against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia’ of 8 June 2000, (last accessed 4 October 2012).
International Humanitarian Law Research Initiative (2009) ‘Manual on International Law Applicable to Air and Missile Warfare’, Program on Humanitarian Policy and Conflict Research at Harvard University, (last accessed 4 October 2012).
International Humanitarian Law Research Initiative (2010) ‘Commentary on the HPCR Manual on International Law Applicable to Air and Missile Warfare’, Program on Humanitarian Policy and Conflict Research at Harvard University, (last accessed 4 October 2012).
International Human Rights and Conflict Resolution Clinic (Stanford Law School) and Global Justice Clinic (NYU Law School) (2012) ‘Living Under Drones. Death, Injury, and Trauma to Civilians for US Drone Practices in Pakistan’, (last accessed 14 December 2013).
International Institute of Humanitarian Law (2006) ‘The Manual on the Law of Non-International Armed Conflict, San Remo’, (last accessed 20 May 2011).
International Law Commission (1980) Draft Articles on State Responsibility, ‘Yearbook of the International Law Commission II’, UN Doc. A/CH.4/SER.A/1980/Add.1, (last accessed 4 October 2012).
International Law Commission (2000) ‘Final Report of the Committee on the Formation of Customary (General) International Law, Statement of Principles Applicable to the Formation of General Customary Law’, Report of the Sixty-Ninth Conference, (last accessed 4 October 2012).
Jackson, Robert (2010) The Global Covenant, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Janis, Mark Weston (2004) The American Tradition of IL: Great Expectations 1789–1974, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Jian, Chen (1995) China’s Involvement in the Vietnam War 1964–69, 142 China Quarterly366.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jochnick, Chris af and Normand, Roger (1994) The Legitimation of Violence: A Critical History of the Laws of War, 35 Harvard International Law Journal49.Google Scholar
Kagan, Frederick W. (2006) Finding the Target: The Transformation of American Military Technology, New York and London: Encounter Books.Google Scholar
Kahin, George McT. (1987) Intervention: How America Became Involved in Vietnam, Garden City: Anchor Books.Google Scholar
Kahl, Colin H. (2006) How We Fight, 85 Foreign Affairs83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kahl, Colin H. (2007) In the Crossfire or the Crosshairs? Norms, Civilian Casualties and US Conduct in Iraq, 32 International Security7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kahler, Miles (2000) Conclusion: Causes and Consequences of Legalization, 54 International Organization661.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaiser, David E. (2000) American Tragedy: Kennedy, Johnson and the Origins of the Vietnam War, Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Kalshoven, Frits (1991) Noncombatant Persons, in Robertson, Horace B., ed., The Law of Naval Operations, Newport RI: Naval War College Press.Google Scholar
Kant, Immanuel trans. by Paton, H. J. (1956) Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals, New York and London: Harper Torchbooks.Google Scholar
Kapstein, Ethan B. (2012) Measuring Progress in Modern Warfare, 54 Survival137.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kattenberg, Paul M. (1982) The Vietnam Trauma in American Foreign Policy 1945–75, New Brunswick NJ: Transaction Books.Google Scholar
Keck, Margaret and Sikkink, Kathryn (1998) Activists Beyond Borders: Advocacy Networks in International Politics, Ithaca NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Keeva, Steven (1991) Lawyers in the War Room, 77 American Bar Association Journal52.Google Scholar
Kelly, Patrick J. (2000) The Twilight of Customary International Law, 40 Virginia Journal of International Law450.Google Scholar
Kelsen, Hans trans. from the second German edition by Knight, Max (1967) Pure Theory of Law, Oakland CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Kennedy, David (1987) International Legal Structures, Baden-Baden: Nomos.Google Scholar
Kennedy, David (2006) Of Law and War, Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Kennedy, David (2012) Lawfare and Warfare, in Crawford, James and Koskenniemi, Martti, eds., The Cambridge Companion to International Law, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Keohane, Robert O. (1989) Neoliberal Institutionalism: A Perspective on World Politics, in Keohane, Robert O.International Institutions and State Power, Boulder CO: Westview.Google Scholar
Keohane, Robert O. (1997) International Relations and International Law: Two Optics, 38 Harvard International Law Journal487.Google Scholar
Keohane, Robert O. (2000) Ideas Part Way Down, 26 Review of International Studies125.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keohane, Robert O. (2002) Rational Choice Theory and International Law: Insights and Limitations, 31 Journal of Legal Studies307.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keohane, Robert O. (2009a) Discordant Cooperation Reinventing Globalization to Reduce Gender Inequality, in Satz, Debora and Reich, Robert, eds., Towards a Humanist Justice: The Political Philosophy of Susan Muller Okin, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Keohane, Robert O. (2009b) ‘Social Norms and Agency in World Politics’, (last accessed 15 January 2011).
Keohane, Robert O. (2009c) The Old IPE and the New, 16 Review of International Political Economy34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keohane, Robert O. (2012a) Twenty Years of Institutional Liberalism, 26 International Relations2.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keohane, Robert O. (2012b) Hegemony and After: What Can Be Said About the Future of American Global Leadership? 91 Foreign Affairs4.Google Scholar
Kimball, Jeffrey (1998) Nixon’s Vietnam War, Lawrence KS: University Press of Kansas.Google Scholar
King, Gary, Keohane, Robert O. and Verba, Sidney (1994) Designing Social Inquiry: Scientific Inference in Qualitative Research, Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Kingsbury, Benedict (1997/8) The Concept of Compliance as a Function of Competing Conceptions of International Law, 19 Michigan Journal of International Law345.Google Scholar
Kirgis, Frederic L. (1987) Custom on a Sliding Scale, 81 American Journal of International Law146.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Klabbers, Jan (2004/5) The Relative Autonomy of International Law or the Forgotten Politics of Interdisciplinarity, 1 Journal of International Law and International Relations35.Google Scholar
Klotz, Audie and Lynch, Cecilia (2007) Strategies for Research in Constructivist International Relations, Armonk NY and London: Sharpe.Google Scholar
Koh, Harold Hongju (1997) Review Essay: Why Do Nations Obey International Law? 106 The Yale Law Journal2599.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Komer, Robert W. (1986) Bureaucracy at War: US Performance in the Vietnam Conflict, Boulder CO: Westview Press.Google Scholar
Koskenniemi, Martti (1990) The Politics of International Law, 1 European Journal of International Law4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koskenniemi, Martti (1991) The Future of Statehood, 32 Harvard International Law Journal397.Google Scholar
Koskenniemi, Martti (2000) Carl Schmitt, Hans Morgenthau, and the Image of Law in International Relations, in Byers, Michael, ed., The Role of Law in International Politics: Essays in International Relations and International Law, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Koskenniemi, Martti (2005) From Apology to Utopia: The Structure of International Legal Argument, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Koskenniemi, Martti (2011) The Mystery of Legal Obligation, Symposium on Legitimacy and Legality in International Law: An Interactional Account by Jutta Brunnée and Stephen J. Toope, 3 International Theory319.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koskenniemi, Martti (2012a) Law, Teleology and International Relations: An Essay in Counterdisciplinarity, 26 International Relations3.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koskenniemi, Martti (2012b) International Law in the World of Ideas, in Crawford, James and Koskenniemi, Martti, eds., The Cambridge Companion to International Law, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Kramer, Michael and Schmitt, Michael N. (2008) Lawyers on Horseback? Thoughts on Judge Advocates and Civil-Military Relations, 55 University of California Los Angeles Law Review1407.Google Scholar
Krasner, Stephen D. (1983) Structural Causes and Regime Consequences: Regimes as Intervening Variables, in Krasner, Stephen, ed., International Regimes, Ithaca NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Krasner, Stephen D. (1999) Organized Hypocrisy, Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Krasner, Stephen D. (2010) Sociological Approaches, in Reus-Smit, Christian and Snidal, Duncan, eds., The Oxford Handbook of International Relations, New York NY: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Kratochwil, Friedrich V. (1989) Rules, Norms and Decisions: On the Conditions of Practical and Legal Reasoning in International Relations and Domestic Society, Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kratochwil, Friedrich V. (2000) How Do Norms Matter? in Byers, Michael, ed., The Role of Law in International Politics: Essays in International Relations and International Law, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Krepon, Michael (1967) Weapons Potentially Inhumane: The Case of Cluster Bombs, in Falk, Richard A., ed., The Vietnam War and International Law, Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Kritsiotis, Dino (2004) When States Use Armed Force, in Reus-Smit, Christian, ed., The Politics of International Law, New York NY: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Kumm, Mattias (2004) The Legitimacy of International Law: A Constitutionalist Framework of Analysis, 15 European Journal of International Law907.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kutz, Christopher (2008) Fearful Symmetry, in Rodin, David and Shue, Henry, eds., Just and Unjust Warriors: The Moral and Legal Status of Soldiers, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Kydd, Andrew H. (2010) Methodological Individualism and Rational Choice, in Reus-Smit, Christian and Snidal, Duncan, eds., The Oxford Handbook of International Relations, New York NY: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Lamb, Michael W. (2002) Operation Allied Force: Golden Nuggets for Future Campaigns, Maxwell AL: Air War College Maxwell Paper no. 27.Google Scholar
Lambeth, Benjamin S. (1993) Achieving Air Supremacy in Operation Desert Storm, Santa Monica CA: RAND Corporation.Google Scholar
Lambeth, Benjamin S. (2000) The Transformation of American Air Power, Santa Monica CA: RAND Corporation.Google Scholar
Larson, Eric V. and Savych, Bogdan (2007) Misfortunes of War: Press and Public Reactions to Civilian Deaths in Wartime, Santa Monica CA: RAND Corporation.Google Scholar
Lauterpacht, Hersch (1952) The Problem of the Revision of the Law of War, 360 British Yearbook of International Law382.Google Scholar
Lawrence, Mark A. (2008) The Vietnam War: A Concise International History, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Lazar, Seth (2009) Responsibility, Risk, and Killing in Self-Defense, 119 Ethics699.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lazar, Seth (2010) The Responsibility Dilemma for Killing in War: A Review Essay, 38 Philosophy and Public Affairs180.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lazar, Seth (2011) War, in Lafollette, Hugh, ed., International Encyclopaedia of Ethics, Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.Google Scholar
Lazar, Seth (2012) The Morality and Law of War, in Marmor, Andrei, ed., Routledge Companion to Philosophy of Law, London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Legro, Jeffrey (2005) Rethinking the World: Great Power Strategies and International Order, Ithaca NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Lewis, Michael (2003) The Law of Aerial Bombardment in the 1991 Gulf War, 97 American Journal of International Law481.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lichtenberg, Judith (2008) How to Judge Soldiers Whose Cause is Unjust, in Rodin, David and Shue, Henry, eds., Just and Unjust Warriors: The Moral and Legal Status of Soldiers, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Luban, David (1988) Lawyers and Justice: An Ethical Study, Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Lukacs, Martin (2006) Pulitzer-winning Investigative Journalist Seymour Hersh Slams Bush at McGill Address, The McGill Daily, 31 October 2006.Google Scholar
Lutz, Ellen L. and Sikkink, Kathryn (2000) International Human Rights Law and Practice in Latin America, 54 International Organization633.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lutz, Ellen L. and Sikkink, Kathryn (2001) The Justice Cascade: The Evolution and Impact of Foreign Human Rights Trials in Latin America, 2 Chicago Journal of International Law1.Google Scholar
Manea, Octavian (2011) The Age of Airpower: An Interview with Martin van Creveld, Small Wars Journal, 26 June 2011, 1.Google Scholar
Margalit, Avishai and Walzer, Michael (2009) Israel: Civilians and Combatants, New York Review of Books 56, 14 May 2009, 21.Google Scholar
Martin, Francisco F. (2002) The Unified Use of Force Rule Revisited: The Penetration of the Law of Armed Conflict by Human Rights Law, 65 Saskatchewan Law Review406.Google Scholar
Massing, Michael (2007) Iraq: The Hidden Human Cost, New York Review of Books, 20 December 2007, 82.Google Scholar
Matheson, Michael J. (1987) Session One: The United States Position on the Relationship of Customary International Law to the 1977 Protocols Additional to the Geneva Conventions, 2 American University Journal of International Law and Polity419.Google Scholar
Mattern, Janice Bially (2011) A Practice Theory of Emotion for International Relations, in Adler, Emanuel and Pouliot, Vincent, eds., International Practices, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Maxwell, Mark (2012) Rebutting the Civilian Presumption: Playing Whack-A-Mole Without a Mallet? in Finkelstein, Claire, Ohlin, Jens David and Altman, Andrew, eds., Targeted Killings. Law and Morality in an Asymmetrical World, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
McAllister, James (2010/11) Who Lost Vietnam? Soldiers, Civilians, and US Military Strategy, 35 International Security95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McChrystal, Stanley A. (2011) Becoming the Enemy, 185 Foreign Policy66.Google Scholar
McClatchy, Shah (2010) ‘Pakistanis Protest Civilian Deaths in US Drone Attacks’, (last accessed 4 September 2012).
McCormick, Neil (1993) Beyond the Sovereign State? 56 The Modern Law Review1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCormack, Timothy L. H. and Durham, Helen (2009) Aerial Bombardment of Civilians: The Current International Legal Framework, in Tanaka, Yuki and Young, Marilyn B., eds., Bombing Civilians: A Twentieth-century History, New Haven CT: The New Press.Google Scholar
McInnes, Colin (2002) Spectator-sport War: The West and Contemporary Conflict, Boulder CO: Lynne Rienner.Google Scholar
McKeogh, Colm (2002) Innocent Civilians: The Morality of Killing in War, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McMahan, Jeff (1994) Revising the Doctrine of Double Effect, 11 Journal of Applied Philosophy201.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McMahan, Jeff (2004a) The Ethics of Killing in War, 114 Ethics693.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McMahan, Jeff (2004b) War as Self-Defense, 18 Ethics and International Affairs75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McMahan, Jeff (2006) The Moral Equality of Combatants, 14 Journal of Political Philosophy377.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McMahan, Jeff (2008) The Morality of War and the Law of War, in Rodin, David and Shue, Henry, eds., Just and Unjust Warriors: The Moral and Legal Status of Soldiers, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
McMahan, Jeff (2009) Killing in War, Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McMahan, Jeff (2010a) Laws of War, in Besson, Samantha and Tasioulas, John, eds., The Philosophy of International Law, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
McMahan, Jeff (2010b) The Just Distribution of Harm Between Combatants and Noncombatants, 38 Philosophy and Public Affairs343.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McMahan, Jeff (2011) Duty, Obedience, Desert, and Proportionality in War: A Response, 122 Ethics1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McMahan, Jeff (2012) The Prevention of Unjust Wars, in Benbji, Yitzhak and Sussman, Naomi, eds., Reading Walzer, London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Mearsheimer, John J. (1995) A Realist Reply, 20 International Security82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mearsheimer, John J. (2001) The Tragedy of Great Power Politics, London and New York NY: W. W. Norton and Company.Google Scholar
Mégret, Frédéric (2011) War and the Vanished Battlefield, 9 Loyola University Chicago International Law Review131.Google Scholar
Mégret, Frédéric (2012) International Law as Law, in Crawford, James and Koskenniemi, Martti, eds., The Cambridge Companion to International Law, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Melson, David A. (2009) Targeting War-Sustaining Capability at Sea: Compatibility with Additional Protocol I, The Army Lawyer44.Google Scholar
Melzer, Nils (2009) ‘Interpretive Guidance on the Notion of Direct Participation in Hostilities Under International Humanitarian Law’, (last accessed 4 October 2012).
Melzer, Nils (2012) Bolstering the Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict, in Cassese, Antonio, ed., Realizing Utopia: The Future of International Law, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Mercer, Jonathan (2005) Rationality and Psychology in International Politics, 59 International Organization77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meron, Theodor (1987) The Geneva Conventions as Customary Law, 81 American Journal of International Law348.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meron, Theodor (1995) Extraterritoriality of Human Rights Treaties, 89 American Journal of International Law1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meron, Theodor (1996) The Continuing Role of Custom in the Formation of International Humanitarian Law, 90 American Journal of International Law238.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meron, Theodor (2006) The Humanization of International Law, Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.Google Scholar
Meyer, Jeanne M. (2001) Tearing Down the Façade: A Critical Look at the Current Law on Targeting the Will of the Enemy and Air Force Doctrine, Air Force Law Review143.Google Scholar
Meyrowitz, Henry (1981) Le Bombardement Stratégique d’Après le Protocole Additionnel I aux Conventions de Genève, 41 Zeitschrift für ausländisches öffentliches Recht und Völkerrecht1.Google Scholar
Meyrowitz, Henry (1994) The Principle of Superfluous Injury and Unnecessary Suffering, 229 International Review of the Red Cross98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Michael, Philip S. (2003) The Strategic Significance of Linebacker II: Political, Military and Beyond, Carlisle PA: United States Army War College.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moravcsik, Andrew (2010) New Liberalism, in Reus-Smit, Christian and Snidal, Duncan, eds., Oxford Handbook of International Relations, New York NY: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Moravcsik, Andrew (2012) Liberal Theories of International Law, in Dunoff, Jeffrey L. and Pollack, Mark A., eds., Interdisciplinary Perspectives on International Law and International Relations: The State of the Art, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Morgenthau, Hans J. (1948) Politics Among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace, Columbus OH: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Morris, Nicholas (2006) Humanitarian Intervention in the Balkans, in Welsh, Jennifer M., ed., Humanitarian Intervention and International Society, New York NY: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Mueller, John E. (1980) The Search for the ‘Breaking Point’ in Vietnam: The Statistics of a Deadly Quarrel, 4 International Studies Quarterly497.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murray, Williamson (1995) Air War in the Persian Gulf, Baltimore MD: Nautical & Aviation Publishing Company of America.Google Scholar
Murray, Williamson and Scales, Robert H. (2003) The Iraq War: A Military History, Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Myrow, Stephen A. (1996/7) Waging War on the Advice of Counsel: The Role of Operational Law in the Gulf War, 7 US Air Force Academy Jounal of Legal Studies131.Google Scholar
Nagel, Thomas (1979) Mortal Questions, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Nardin, Terry (2008) Theorizing the International Rule of Law, 34 Review of International Studies385.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nardin, Terry (2010) International Ethics, in Reus-Smit, Christian and Snidal, Duncan, eds., The Oxford Handbook of International Relations, New York NY: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Neff, Stephen C. (2005) War and the Law of Nations: A General History, Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nye, Joseph S. (2010) International Relations: The Relevance of Theory to Practice, in Reus-Smit, Christian and Snidal, Duncan, eds., The Oxford Handbook of International Relations, New York NY: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Obradovic, Konstantin (1997) The Prohibition of Reprisals in Protocol I: Greater Protection for War Victims, 320 International Review of the Red Cross520.Google Scholar
O’Connell, Mary Ellen (2008) The Power and Purpose of International Law, Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O’Hanlon, Michael (2009) Budgeting for Hard Power, Washington DC: Brookings Institution Press.Google Scholar
Ohlin, Jens David (2012) Targeting Co-belligerents, in Finkelstein, Claire, Ohlin, Jens David and Altman, Andrew, eds., Targeted Killings. Law and Morality in an Asymmetrical World, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Onuf, Nicholas G. (1989) World of our Making: Rules and Rule in Social Theory and International Relations, Columbia SC: University of South Carolina Press.Google Scholar
Orakhelashvili, Alexander (2006) State Immunity and International Public Order Revisited, 49 German Yearbook of International Law327.Google Scholar
Owens, Patricia (2003) Accidents don’t just Happen: The Liberal Politics of High-technology ‘Humanitarian’ War, 32 Millennium Journal of International Studies595.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pape, Robert A. (1996) Bombing to Win: Air Power and Coercion in War, Ithaca NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Parks, Hays W. (1982) Rolling Thunder and the Law of War, 33 Air University Review2.Google Scholar
Parks, Hays W. (1983) Linebacker and the Law of War, 34 Air University Review2.Google Scholar
Parks, Hays W. (1990) Air War and the Law of War, 32 Air Force Law Review2.Google Scholar
Parks, Hays W. (1991/2) The Gulf War: A Practitioner’s View, 10 Dickinson Journal of International Law393.Google Scholar
Pattinson, James (2012) Humanitarian Intervention and the Responsibility to Protect, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Petrowski, Lawrence C. (1996) Law and Conduct of the Vietnam War, in The Vietnam War and International Law,Falk, Richard A., ed., Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Pickert, Perry L. (1967) American Attitudes Toward International Law as Reflected in the Pentagon Papers, in Falk, Richard A., ed., The Vietnam War and International Law, Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Pictet, Jean (1952) Commentary I: Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick Armed Forces in the Field, Geneva: International Committee of the Red Cross.Google Scholar
Pilloud, Claude, Sandoz, Yves, Swinarski, Christophe and Zimmermann, Bruno, eds. (1987) Commentary on the Additional Protocols of 8 June 1977 to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, Norwell MA: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.
Primoratz, Igor (2007) Civilian Immunity in War, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Pufendorf, Samuel ed. Tully, James (1991) On the Duty of Man and Citizen According to Natural Law, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Raski, Marcus and West, Devin (2008) Collateral Damage: A US Strategy in War?Washington DC: Institute for Policy Studies.Google Scholar
Rasulov, Akbar (2006) Review. From Apology to Utopia: The Structure of International Legal Argument, 16 Law and Politics Book Review583.Google Scholar
Ratner, Steven (1999/00) Does International Law Matter in Preventing Ethnic Conflict? 32 New York University Journal of International Law and Politics591.Google Scholar
Ratner, Steven (2002) Jus ad Bellum and Jus in Bello After September 11, 96 American Journal of International Law905.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Raustiala, Kal and Slaughter, Anne-Marie (2002) International Law, International Relations and Compliance, in Carlsnaes, Walter, Risse, Thomas and Simmons, Beth A., eds., Handbook of International Relations, London: Sage.Google Scholar
Ray, James L. (1989) The Abolition of Slavery and the End of International War, 43 International Organization405.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Raz, Joseph (1979) The Authority of Law: Essays on Law and Morality, Oxford: Clarendon Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Record, Jeffrey (1998) The Wrong War: Why We Lost in Vietnam, Annapolis MD: Naval Institute Press.Google Scholar
Record, Jeffrey and Terrill, W. Andrew (2004) Iraq and Vietnam. Differences, Similarities and Insights, Newport RI: Strategic Studies Institute US Army War College.Google Scholar
Reus-Smit, Christian (1996) The Constructivist Turn: Critical Theory After the End of the Cold War, Australian National University, Department of International Relations, Working Paper no. 4.Google Scholar
Reus-Smit, Christian (1999) The Moral Purpose of the State: Culture Social Identity, and Institutional Rationality in International Relations, Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Reus-Smit, Christian (2003) Politics and International Legal Obligation, 9 European Journal of International Relations591.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reus-Smit, Christian (2004a) The Politics of International Law, in Reus-Smit, Christian, ed., The Politics of International Law, New York NY: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reus-Smit, Christian (2004b) Society, Power and Ethics, in Reus-Smit, Christian, ed., The Politics of International Law, New York NY: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reus-Smit, Christian (2004c) American Power and World Order, Cambridge: Polity Press.Google Scholar
Reus-Smit, Christian (2008) Constructivism and the Structure of Ethical Reasoning, in Price, Richard, ed., Moral Limit and Possibility in World Politics, New York NY: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Reus-Smit, Christian (2011) Obligation Through Practice: Symposium on Legitimacy and Legality in International Law: An Interactional Account by Jutta Brunnée and Stephen J. Toope, 3 International Theory339.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reus-Smit, Christian (2013) Individual Rights and the Making of the International System, Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reus-Smit, Christian and Clark, Ian (2007) Resolving International Crises of Legitimacy, 44 International Politics2.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reus-Smit, Christian and Snidal, Duncan (2010) Between Utopia and Reality: The Practical Discourses of International Relations, in Reus-Smit, Christian and Snidal, Duncan, eds., The Oxford Handbook of International Relations, New York NY: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Richardson, James L. (2010) The Ethics of Neoliberal Institutionalism, in Reus-Smit, Christian and Snidal, Duncan, eds., The Oxford Handbook of International Relations, New York NY: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Ricks, Thomas E. (2002) Target Approval Delays Cost Air Force Key Hits, 1 Journal of Military Ethics109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Risse, Thomas (2000) ‘Let’s Argue!’ Communicative Action in World Politics, 54 International Organization1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roat, John Carl (2000) The Making of US Navy Seals. Class-29, Toronto and New York: Random House.Google Scholar
Roberts, Adam (1994) The Laws of War in the 1990–91 Gulf Conflict, 18 International Security134.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roberts, Adam (2003) Law and the Use of Force After Iraq, 45 Survival31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roberts, Adam (2006) The United Nations and Humanitarian Intervention, in Welsh, Jennifer M., ed., Humanitarian Intervention and International Society, New York NY: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Roberts, Adam and Guelff, Richard, eds. (2002) Documents on the Laws of War, Oxford University Press.
Roberts, Anthea Elizabeth (2001) Traditional and Modern Approaches to Customary International Law: A Reconciliation, 95 American Journal of International Law756.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robertson, Horace B. (1997/98) The Principle of the Military Objective in the Law of Armed Conflict, 8 US Air Force Academy Journal of Legal Studies35.Google Scholar
Rockel, Stephen J. (2009) Collateral Damage: A Comparative History, in Rockel, Stephen J. and Halpern, Rick, eds., Inventing Collateral Damage: Civilian Casualties, War, and Empire, Toronto: Between the Lines Press.Google Scholar
Rodin, David (2002) War and Self-Defense, Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rodin, David (2008) The Moral Inequality of Soldiers: Why Jus in Bello Assymetry is Half Right, in Rodin, David and Shue, Henry, eds., Just and Unjust Warrior: The Moral and Legal Status of Soldiers, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Rodin, David (2011) Law and Morality in War, in Strachan, Hew and Scheipers, Sibylle, eds., The Changing Character of War, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Rodin, David (2012) War Proportionality and Double Effect, in Benbji, Yitzhak and Sussman, Naomi, eds., Reading Walzer, London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Rodin, David and Shue, Henry, eds. (2008) Just and Unjust Warriors: The Moral and Legal Status of Soldiers, Oxford University Press.
Rodin, David and Sorabji, Richard (2005) The Ethics of War: Shared Problems in Different Traditions, Surrey: Ashgate.Google Scholar
Rogers, A. P. V. (2000) Zero Casualty Warfare, 837 International Review of the Red Cross165.Google Scholar
Rogers, A. P. V. (2004) Law on the Battlefield, Manchester University Press.Google Scholar
Rohde, David (2012) The Obama Doctrine: Obama’s Secret Wars, 192 Foreign Policy64.Google Scholar
Roscini, Marco (2005) Targeting and Contemporary Aerial Bombardment, 54 International and Comparative Law Quarterly411.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rose, Gideon (1998) Neoclassical Realism and Theories of Foreign Policy, 51 World Politics144.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
SáCouto, Susana and Cleary, Katherine (2008) The Gravity Threshold of the International Criminal Court, 23 American University International Law Review807.Google Scholar
Salopek, Paul (2012) Collateral Damage: Obama’s Secret Wars, March/April Foreign Policy.Google Scholar
Sandholtz, Wayne and Sweet, Alexander Stone (2004) Law, Politics, and International Governance, in Reus-Smit, Christian, ed., The Politics of International Law, New York NY: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Sassòli, Marco (1990) Bedeutung einer Kodifikation für das allgemeine Völkerrecht mit besonderer Betrachtung der Regeln zum Schutz der Zivilbevölkerung vor den Auswirkungen von Feindseligkeiten, Basel: Helbing & Lichtenhahn.Google Scholar
Sassòli, Marco (2005) Targeting: The Scope and Utility of the Concept of ‘Military Objectives’ for the Protection of Civilians in Contemporary Armed Conflicts, in Wippman, David and Evangelista, Matthew, eds., New Wars, New Laws? Applying the Laws of War in 21st Century Conflicts, Ardsley NY: Transnational Publishers.Google Scholar
Scarborough, Rowan (2003) US Air Attack Found Lacking in ‘Shock and Awe’, Washington Times, 31 March 2003.Google Scholar
Schaffer, Ronald (2009) The Bombing Campaigns in World War II: The European Theatre, in Tanaka, Yuki and Young, Marilyn B., eds., Bombing Civilians: A Twentieth-century History, New York: The New Press.Google Scholar
Schilling, Theodor (2005) On the Constitutionalization of General International Law, European University Institute, Jean Monnet Working Paper 06/05.Google Scholar
Schmitt, Michael N. (1992) The Confluence of Law and Morality: Thoughts on Just War, 3 US Air Force Academy Journal of Legal Studies91.Google Scholar
Schmitt, Michael N. (1997/8) Book Review: Law on the Battlefield, 8 US Air Force Academy Journal of Legal Studies255.Google Scholar
Schmitt, Michael N. (1998) Bellum Americanum: The US View of Twenty-First Century War and its Possible Implications for the Law of Armed Conflict, 19 Michigan Journal of International Law1051.Google Scholar
Schmitt, Michael N. (2002) Ethics and Military Force: The Jus in Bello, Carnegie Council on Ethics and International Affairs, (last accessed 17 August 2009).Google Scholar
Schmitt, Michael N. (2003) Armed Conflict and Law in this Century, 30 Human Rights3.Google Scholar
Schmitt, Michael N. (2004) Targeting and Humanitarian Law: Current Issues, 34 Israel Yearbook on Human Rights59.Google Scholar
Schmitt, Michael N. (2006a) Fault Lines in the Law of Attack, in Breau, Susan and Jachec-Neale, Agnieszka, eds., Testing the Boundaries of International Humanitarian Law, London: British Institute of International and Comparative Law.Google Scholar
Schmitt, Michael N. (2006b) Effects-Based Operations and the Law of Aerial Warfare, 5 Washington University Global Studies Law Review265.Google Scholar
Schmitt, Michael N. (2007) 21st Century Conflict: Can the Law Survive? 8 Melbourne Journal of International Law443.Google Scholar
Schmitt, Michael N. (2008) Asymmetrical Warfare and International Humanitarian Law, 62 Air Force Law Review1.Google Scholar
Schmitt, Michael N. (2010) The Interpretive Guidance on the Notion of Direct Participation in Hostilities. A Critical Analysis, 1 Harvard National Security Journal5.Google Scholar
Schmitt, Michael N. (2012) Military Necessity and Humanity in International Humanitarian Law. Preserving the Delicate Balance, 50 Virginia Journal of International Law759.Google Scholar
Scholz, John T. (1984) Voluntary Compliance and Regular Enforcement, 6 Law and Policy385.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schreuer, Christoph (1993) The Waning of the Sovereign State: Towards a New Paradigm for International Law, 4 European Journal of International Law447.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schweller, Randall L. (1998) Deadly Imbalances: Tripolarity and Hitler’s Strategy of World Conquest, New York NY: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Shanker, Thom (2008) Air Force Plans Altered Role in Iraq, New York Times, 29 July 2008.Google Scholar
Shapiro, Scott J. (2006) What is the Internal Point of View? 75 Fordham Law Review1157.Google Scholar
Sharp, Ulysses S. G. (1968) Report on Air and Naval Campaigns Against North Vietnam and Pacific Command-wide Support of the War June 1964 – July 1968, Washington DC: US Government Printing Office.Google Scholar
Shaw, Martin (2005) The New Western Way of War: Risk-Transfer War and its Crisis in Iraq, Cambridge: Polity Press.Google Scholar
Sheehan, Neil (1988) A Bright Shining Lie: John Paul Vann and America in Vietnam, New York: Random House.Google Scholar
Sheehan, Neil (2009) The United States and Strategic Bombing: From Prophecy to Memory, in Tanaka, Yuki and Young, Marlyin B., eds., Bombing Civilians: A Twentieth-century History, New York: The New Press.Google Scholar
Sherry, Michael (1987) The Rise of American Air Power: The Creation of Armageddon, New Haven CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Shimko, Keith L. (2010) The Iraq Wars and America’s Revolution, Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shue, Henry (2003) War, in LaFollette, Hugh, ed., Oxford Handbook of Practical Ethics, Oxford University Press (reprinted in 2005, in: Matthew Evangelista, ed., Peace Studies: Critical Concepts in Political Science, New York NY: Routledge).Google Scholar
Shue, Henry (2006) Limiting Sovereignty, in Welsh, Jennifer M., ed., Humanitarian Intervention and International Society, New York NY: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Shue, Henry (2008) Do We Need ‘A Morality of War’? in Rodin, David and Shue, Henry, eds., Just and Unjust Warriors: The Moral and Legal Status of Soldiers, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Shue, Henry (2010) Laws of War, in Besson, Samantha and Tasioulas, John, eds., The Philosophy of International Law, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Shue, Henry (2011) Target-selection Norms, Torture Norms, and Growing US Permissiveness, in Strachan, Hew and Scheipers, Sibylle, eds., The Changing Character of War, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Shue, Henry and Wippman, David (2002) Limiting Attacks on Dual-Use Facilities Performing Indispensable Functions, 35 Cornell International Law Journal559.Google Scholar
Sikkink, Kathryn (1998) Transnational Politics, International Relations Theory, and Human Rights, 31 Political Science and Politics516.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sikkink, Kathryn (2011) The Justice Cascade: How Human Rights Prosecutions are Changing World Politics, London and New York NY: W.W. Norton and Company.Google Scholar
Simma, Bruno (1994) From Bilateralism to Community Interest in International Law, 250 Collected Courses of The Hague Academy of International Law217.Google Scholar
Simma, Bruno and Alston, Philip (1988/9) The Sources of Human Rights Law: Custom, Jus Cogens and General Principles, 12 Australia Yearbook of International Law82.Google Scholar
Simma, Bruno and Paulus, Andreas L. (1998) The ‘International Community’: Facing the Challenge of Globalization, 9 European Journal of International Law266.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simmons, Beth A. (1998) Compliance with International Agreements, 1 Annual Review of Political Science75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simmons, Beth A. (2009) Mobilizing for Human Rights. International Law in Domestic Politics, Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simpson, Gerry (2010) The Ethics of new Liberalism, in Reus-Smit, Christian and Snidal, Duncan, eds., The Oxford Handbook of International Relations, New York NY: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Singal, Jesse, Lim, Christine and Stephey, M. J. (2003) Shock and Awe, Time, (last accessed 20 January 2011).Google Scholar
Slaughter, Anne-Marie (2004) A New World Order, Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Slaughter, Anne-Marie and Burke-White, William (2002) An International Constitutional Moment, 43 Harvard International Law Journal1.Google Scholar
Slaughter, Anne-Marie, Tuliumello, Andrew S. and Wood, Stephan (1998) International Law and International Relations Theory: A New Generation of Interdisciplinary Scholarship, 92 American Journal of International Law3.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Slaughter-Burley, Anne-Marie (1993) International Law and International Relations Theory: A Dual Agenda, 87 American Journal of International Law205.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sloane, Robert D. (2010) Review of Law at the Vanishing Point: A Philosophical Analysis of International Law by Aaron Fichtelberg, 104 American Journal of International Law549.Google Scholar
Smith, John T. (1994) The Strategic Bombing Campaign in North Vietnam 1965–1968, Surrey: Air Research Publications.Google Scholar
Sofaer, Abraham D. (1988) AGORA: The US Decisions Not to Ratify Protocol I to the Geneva Conventions on the Protection of War Victims (Cont’d), 82 American Journal of International Law784.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sorell, Tom (2003) Morality and Emergency, 103 Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, New Series21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spieker, Heike (1999) Die Bedeutung der ad hoc-Tribunale bei der Errichtung des ständigen Internationalen Strafgerichshofs: einige völkerrechtliche Aspekte, 12 Informationsschritten Humanitäres4, 216.Google Scholar
Stein, Arthur A. (2010) Neoliberal Institutionalism, in Reus-Smit, Christian and Snidal, Duncan, eds., Oxford Handbook of International Relations, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Stone, John (2007) Technology and the Problem of Civilian Casualties in War, in Rapperts, Brian, ed., Technology and Security. Governing Threats in the New Millennium, Basingstoke: Palgrave.Google Scholar
Swaine, Edward T. (2002) Rational Custom, 52 Duke Law Journal559.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tavernise, Sabrina and Lehren, Andrew W. (2010) A Grim Portrait of Civilian Deaths in Iraq, New York Times, 23 October 2010, A1Google Scholar
Thomas, Ward (2001) The Ethics of Destruction: Norms and Force in International Relations, Ithaca NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Thompson, Alexander (2012) Coercive Enforcement in International Law, in Dunoff, Jeffrey L. and Pollack, Mark A., eds., Interdisciplinary Perspectives on International Law and International Relations: The State of the Art, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Thompson, Dennis F. (1980) Moral Responsibility of Public Officials: The Problem of Many Hands, 74 American Political Science Review905.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thürer, Daniel (1996) Das Selbstbestimmungsrecht der Völker und die Anerkennung neuer Staaten, in Neuhold, Hanspeter and Simma, Bruno, eds., Neues Europäisches Völkerrecht nach dem Ende des Ost-West-Konfliktes?Baden-Baden: Nomos.Google Scholar
Tilford, Earl H. (1988) Setup: What the Air Force Did in Vietnam and Why, Maxwell AL: Air University Press.Google Scholar
Tomuschat, Christian (1993) Obligations Arising for States Without or Against Their Will, 241 Collected Courses of The Hague Academy of International Law195.Google Scholar
Tomuschat, Christian (2002) Common Values and the Place of the Charter in Europe, 14 European Review of Public Law159.Google Scholar
Tomuschat, Christian (2010) Human Rights and International Humanitarian Law, 21 European Journal of International Law15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Trimble, Phillip R. (1986) A Revisionist View of Customary International Law, 33 UCLA Law Review665.Google Scholar
Trubek, David M., Cottrell, Patrick and Nance, Mark (2005) ‘Soft Law,’ ‘Hard Law,’ and European Integration. Toward a Theory of Hybridity, (last accessed 12 February 2011).
Tucker, Spencer C., ed. (1998) Encyclopaedia of the Vietnam War: A Political, Social, and Military History, Oxford University Press.
Tyler, Tom R. (2006) Why People Obey the Law, Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Uhler, Oscar M. and Coursier, Henry (1958) Commentary on Geneva Convention IV Relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, Geneva: International Committee of the Red Cross.Google Scholar
UK, Ministry of Defence (2005) The Manual of the Law of Armed Conflict, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Ullman, Harland and Wade, James P. (1996) Shock and Awe: Achieving Rapid Dominance, Washington DC: National Defense University Institute for National Strategic Studies.Google Scholar
Uppsala Conflict Data Project (2009) Code Book, (last accessed 13 July 2009).
US Department of Defense (1957/1976) The Joint Chiefs of Staff, The Law of Land Warfare, Field Manual 27–10 of 15 July (revised 1976).Google Scholar
US Department of Defense, (1967) The Joint Chiefs of Staff, Air Operations Against North Vietnam and Laos, Target Study – North Vietnam.Google Scholar
US Department of Defense, (1971/2) The Pentagon Papers: The Defense Department History of United States Decision Making on Vietnam, ‘Senator Gravel Edition’, Boston MA: Beacon Press.Google Scholar
US Department of Defense, (1974/2006) Department of Defense Law of War Programme, Directive 5100.77 of 5 November 1974 (last reissued as US Department of Defense Directive 2311.01E of 9 May 2006).
US Department of Defense, (1976) Department of the Air Force, International Law: The Conduct of Armed Conflict and Air Operations, Air Force Pamphlet 110–31.Google Scholar
US Department of Defense, (1989) Army Judge Advocate General’s Legal Center & School, International and Operational Law Department, The Commander’s Handbook on the Law of Naval Operations.Google Scholar
US Department of Defense, (1992) Conduct of the Persian Gulf War, Final Report to Congress of April.
US Department of Defense, (1995) Army Judge Advocate General’s Legal Center & School, International and Operational Law Department, The Commander’s Handbook on the Law of Naval Operations.Google Scholar
US Department of Defense, (1997) Air Land Sea Application Centre, The Joint Targeting Process and Procedures for Targeting Time-Critical Targets, Field Manual 90–36 of 25 July.Google Scholar
US Department of Defense, (1998) Department of the Air Force, Intelligence Targeting Guide, Air Force Pamphlet 14–210 of 1 February.Google Scholar
US Department of Defense, (2000/11) Department of the Air Force, Air Warfare, Doctrine Document 2–1 of 22 January 2000 (last changed 28 July).Google Scholar
US Department of Defense, (2002a) Army Judge Advocate General’s Legal Center & School, International and Operational Law Department, Operational Law Handbook.Google Scholar
US Department of Defense, (2002b) The Joint Chiefs of Staff, Joint Doctrine for Targeting, Joint Publication3–60 of 17 January.Google Scholar
US Department of Defense, (2003a) Army Judge Advocate General’s Legal Center & School, International and Operational Law Department, Operational Law Handbook.Google Scholar
US Department of Defense, (2003b) Assessment and Analysis Division, ‘Operation Iraqi Freedom – By the Numbers’, (last accessed 12 January 2011).
US Department of Defense, (2003c) Military Commission Instruction no. 2 of 30 April.
US Department of Defense, (2003d) Department of the Air Force, Basic Doctrine, Doctrine Document 1 of 17 November.Google Scholar
US Department of Defense, (2004) Army Judge Advocate General’s Legal Center & School, International and Operational Law Department, Operational Law Handbook.Google Scholar
US Department of Defense, (2006a) Army Judge Advocate General’s Legal Center & School, International and Operational Law Department, The Military Commander and the Law.Google Scholar
US Department of Defense, (2006b) Army Judge Advocate General’s Legal Center & School, International and Operational Law Department, Operational Law Handbook.Google Scholar
US Department of Defense, (2006c/2011) Department of the Air Force, Targeting, Doctrine Document 3–60 of 8 June (last changed 28 July 2011).Google Scholar
US Department of Defense, (2007a) Army Judge Advocate General’s Legal Center & School, International and Operational Law Department, Operational Law Handbook.Google Scholar
US Department of Defense, (2007b) Department of the Air Force, Strategic Attack, Air Force Doctrine Document 2–1.2 of 12 June.Google Scholar
US Department of Defense, (2007c) Joint Forces Command, Joint Fires and Targeting Handbook of 19 October.Google Scholar
US Department of Defense, (2007d/2011) The Joint Chiefs of Staff, Joint Targeting, Joint Publication 3–60 of 13 April (last changed 28 July 2011).Google Scholar
US Department of Defense, (2007e/2011) Air Force Glossary, Air Force Doctrine Document 1–2 of 11 January 2007 (last changed 28 July 2011).
US Department of Defense, (2008a) Army Judge Advocate General’s Legal Center & School, International and Operational Law Department, The Military Commander and the Law.Google Scholar
US Department of Defense, (2008b) Joint Forces Command, Memorandum for Joint Forces Command, 14 August.Google Scholar
US Department of Defense, (2008c) Army Judge Advocate General’s Legal Center & School, International and Operational Law Department, Operational Law Handbook.Google Scholar
US Department of Defense, (2010a) The Joint Chiefs of Staff, Joint Operations, Joint Publication3–0 of March.Google Scholar
US Department of Defense, (2010b) Department of the Army, The Targeting Process, Field Manual 3–6 of November.Google Scholar
US Department of Defense, (2010c) Army Judge Advocate General’s Legal Center & School, International and Operational Law Department, Operational Law Handbook.Google Scholar
US Department of Defense, (2011a) Army Judge Advocate General’s Legal Center & School, International and Operational Law Department, Operational Law Handbook.Google Scholar
US Department of Defense, (2011b) Department of the Air Force, Basic Doctrine, Organization, and Command, Doctrine Document 1 of 14 October.Google Scholar
US Department of Defense, (2012) Army Judge Advocate General’s Legal Center & School, International and Operational Law Department, Operational Law Handbook.Google Scholar
US Department of State (1965) Under-Secretary George Wildman Ball, Keeping the Power of Decision in the South Viet-Nam Crisis, Memo to the President 18 June.Google Scholar
Verdross, Alfred (1926) Die Verfassung der Völkerrechtsgemeinschaft, Vienna and Berlin: Springer.Google Scholar
Vitoria, Francisco ed. Nys, Ernest (1995) De Indis et De jure Belli Relectiones, Gretzville NY: W. S. Hein.Google Scholar
von Stein, Jana (2012) The Engines of Compliance, in Dunoff, Jeffrey L. and Pollack, Mark A., eds., Interdisciplinary Perspectives on International Law and International Relations: The State of the Art, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Waldron, Jeremy (2010a) Vagueness and the Guidance of Action, New York University, Public Law and Legal Theory Working Papers, Paper 10–81.
Waldron, Jeremy (2010b) Torture, Terrorism and Trade-Offs, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Waldron, Jeremy (2010c) The Rule of Law and the Importance of Procedure, New York University Public Law and Legal Theory Working Papers, Paper 10–73.
Waldron, Jeremy (2011a) Thoughtfulness and the Rule of Law, New York University, Public Law and Legal Theory Working Papers, Paper 11–1.
Waldron, Jeremy (2011b) Are Sovereigns Entitled to the Benefit of the International Rule of Law? 22 European Journal of International Law315.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Waltz, Kenneth N. (1979) Theory of International Politics, Columbus OH: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Walzer, Michael (2004) Arguing About War, New Haven CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Walzer, Michael (2006) Just and Unjust Wars: A Moral Argument with Historical Illustrations, New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Warden, John A. (1989) The Air Campaign. Planning for Combat, Washington DC and London: Brassey’s.Google Scholar
Warden, John A. (1995) The Enemy as a System, 9 Airpower Journal43.Google Scholar
Warner, Daniel (1998) The Nuclear Weapons Decision by the International Court of Justice: Locating the Raison Behind Raison d’Etat, 27 Millennium299.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Watkin, Kenneth (2004) Controlling the Use of Force: A Role for Human Rights Norms in Contemporary Armed Conflict, 98 American Journal of International Law1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Watkin, Kenneth (2005) Canada/United States Military Interoperability and Humanitarian Law Issues, 15 Duke Journal of Comparative and International Law281.Google Scholar
Weber, Max (1949) ‘Objectivity’ in Social Science and Social Policy, in Shils, Edward A. and Finch, Henry A., eds., Max Weber on the Methodology of the Social Sciences, Glencoe IL: Free Press.Google Scholar
Welch, David A. (1993) Justice and the Genesis of War, Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weller, Marc (2002) Undoing the Global Constitution: UN Security Council Action on the International Criminal Court, 78 International Affairs693.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Welsh, Jennifer M. (2006) Conclusion: The Evolution of Humanitarian Intervention in International Society, in Welsh, Jennifer M., ed., Humanitarian Intervention and International Society, New York NY: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Wendt, Alexander (1992) Anarchy is What States Make of it: The Social Construction of Power Politics, 46 International Organization391.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wendt, Alexander (1995) Constructing International Politics, 20 International Security71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wendt, Alexander (1998) On Constitution and Causation in International Relations, 24 Review of International Studies101.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wendt, Alexander (1999) Social Theory of International Politics, Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wendt, Alexander (2000) On the Via Media: A Response to the Critics, 26 Review of International Studies165.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wenger, Etienne (1998) Communities of Practice: Learning, Meaning, and Identity, Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wheeler, Nicholas (2004) The Kosovo Bombing Campaign, in Reus-Smit, Christian, ed., The Politics of International Law, New York NY: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
White House, Office of the Press Secretary (1987) Letter of Transmittal to the Senate of the United States of 29 January (reprinted in 81 American Journal of International Law910).
Wohlforth, William C. (2010) Realism, in Reus-Smit, Christian and Snidal, Duncan, eds., The Oxford Handbook of International Relations, New York NY: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Woodward, Bob (2004) Plan of Attack, London: Pocket Books.Google Scholar
Worden, Mike (1998) Rise of the Fighter Generals: The Problem of Air Force Leadership, Maxwell AL: Air University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wrage, Stephen (2003) Precision Air Power in the Second Gulf War, 19 Defence and Security Analysis277.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wright, Evan (2005) Generation Kill: Devil Dogs, Iceman, Captain America, and the New Face of American War, London: Transworld Publications.Google Scholar
Wynne, Michael W. (2010) ‘“Re-norming” the Asymmetric Advantage in Air Dominance. “Going to War with the Air Force you Have”. Second Line of Defense’, (last accessed 17 February 2010).
Young, Marilyn B. (2009) Bombing Civilians from the Twentieth to the Twenty-first Century, in Tanaka, Yuki and Young, Marilyn B., eds., Bombing Civilians: A Twentieth-century History, New York and London: The New Press.Google Scholar
Young, Oran (1979) Compliance and Public Authority, Baltimore MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Young, Oran (1989) International Cooperation: Building Regimes for Natural Resources and the Environment, Ithaca NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Zehfuss, Maja (2011) Targeting: Precision and the Production of Ethics, 17 European Journal of International Relations543.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zoepf, Katherine and Dagher, Sam (2008) For Family in Iraq, Drop in Deaths is not Enough, New York Times, 3 November 2008.Google Scholar
Eighteen interviews were conducted with commanders, JAGs and intelligence analysts. They are listed below. With five exceptions I refrain from naming the interviewees in accordance with their wishes.
Interview no. 1 with ret. Colonel John A. Warden III, 12 June 2008, Command and Staff College Shrivenham UK.
Interview no. 2 with US Air Force Colonel, 24 June 2008, US Air Force Headquarters Arlington Virginia.
Interview no. 3 with US Air Force Major, 26 June 2008, US Air Force Intelligence Analysis Agency Arlington Virginia.
Interview no. 4 with US Air Force Colonel, 26 June 2008, US Air Force Intelligence Analysis Agency Arlington Virginia.
Interview no. 5 with US Air Force Major, 26 June 2008, US Air Force Intelligence Analysis Agency Arlington Virginia.
Interview no. 6 with ret. US Air Force Colonel, 26 June 2008, US Air Force Intelligence Analysis Agency Arlington Virginia.
Interview no. 7 with US Air Force Major and JAG, 27 June 2008, US Air Force Operations and International Law Division Arlington Virginia.
Interview no. 8 with ret. US Air Force and JAG, JAG, 27 June 2008, US Air Force Operations and International Law Division Arlington Virginia.
Interview no. 9 with US Air Force Colonel, 27 June 2008, US Air Force Office of the General Counsel Arlington Virginia.
Interview no. 10 with Lieutenant General David A. Deptula, US Air Force’s deputy chief of staff for intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance, 1 June 2008, US Air Force Headquarters Arlington Virginia.
Interview no. 11 with US Air Force Major General Charles Dunlap, Deputy Judge Advocate General, 2 July 2008, US Air Force Department of the Judge Advocate General Arlington Virginia.
Interview no. 12 with US Air Force colonel and JAG, 28 July 2008, US Air Force Operations and International Law Division Arlington Virginia.
Interview no. 13 with US Air Force colonel and JAG, 28 July 2008, US Air Force Operations and International Law Division Arlington Virginia.
Interview no. 14 with res. US Air Force colonel and JAG, 28 July 2008, US Air Force Operations and International Law Division Arlington Virginia.
Interview no. 15 with Marc Garlasco, Senior Intelligence Analyst covering Iraq in 2003, 1 August 2008, New York NY.
Interview no. 16 with US Army colonel and JAG, 5 August 2008, US Army Office of the Judge Advocate General, Washington DC.
Interview no. 17 with US Army colonel and JAG, 5 August 2008, US Army Office of the Judge Advocate General, Washington DC.
Interview no. 18 with retired US Navy Admiral Leon A. Edney, 2 February 2009 (over the phone).
Twenty-two semi-structured interviews were conducted with pilots, joint terminal attack controllers and navigators. Twelve of them were deployed in OIF, three of them were deployed in ODS, three were deployed over North Vietnam and four did not specify their deployment. Most of them did not wish to be named. When quoting from specific interviews I, therefore, refer to operators by rank and deployment.
USN captain (unspecified deployment), 8 May 2008
USAF F-18 pilot of the rank of major deployed in OIF, 12 June 2008
USAF F-14 pilot of the rank of major deployed in OIF, 18 June 2008
USAF B-1 pilot of the rank of major deployed in OIF, 19 June 2008
USMC F-16C pilot of the rank of major deployed in OIF, 20 June 2008
USAF F-15E pilot of the rank of major deployed in OIF and OAF, 20 June 2008
USAF F-15 pilot of the rank of major deployed in OIF, 20 June 2008
USAF F-15 pilot of the rank of captain deployed in OIF, 24 June 2008
USAF F-4 pilot of the rank of colonel deployed during ORT, 24 June 2008
USAF major (unspecified deployment), 24 June 2008
USAF colonel deployed in OIF, 28 July 2008
USAF joint terminal attack controller of the rank of major deployed in OIF, 28 July 2008
USAF (now) retired colonel deployed in ODS, 29 July 2008
USAF (now) retired colonel deployed in ODS, 31 July 2008
USAF (now) retired colonel deployed in ODS, 31 July 2008
USN pilot deployed during the US engagement in Vietnam (unspecified rank). 28 January 2009
USN pilot deployed during ORT (unspecified rank), 28 January 2009
USAF navigator (unspecified rank and deployment), 28 January 2009
USN joint terminal attack controller of the rank of lieutenant colonel deployed in OIF, 11 April 2011
USAF F-16 pilot of the rank of lieutenant colonel deployed in OIF, 11 April 2011
USAF B-1 pilot of the rank of colonel deployed in OIF, 12 April 2011
USAF predator operator (unspecified rank and deployment), 12 April 2011

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure no-reply@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

  • Bibliography
  • Janina Dill, University of Oxford
  • Book: Legitimate Targets?
  • Online publication: 05 December 2014
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107297463.017
Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

  • Bibliography
  • Janina Dill, University of Oxford
  • Book: Legitimate Targets?
  • Online publication: 05 December 2014
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107297463.017
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • Bibliography
  • Janina Dill, University of Oxford
  • Book: Legitimate Targets?
  • Online publication: 05 December 2014
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107297463.017
Available formats
×