Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-dh8gc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-13T01:33:41.555Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

5 - Polytheism and the Distribution of Votives in the Corinthia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 April 2023

Hans Beck
Affiliation:
Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Germany
Julia Kindt
Affiliation:
University of Sydney
Get access

Summary

This chapter focuses on ancient Corinthia as an area that housed several sizeable Greek sanctuaries, including those of Poseidon at Isthmia, Hera at Perachora, and Demeter and Kore on the Acrocorinth. All of these sanctuaries have yielded extensive assemblages of items left by worshippers as votives dedicated to the ancient Greek gods and goddesses. The study of the similarities and differences of their votive deposits illuminates the uses of these sanctuaries within different local contexts. The quantitative look at dedicatory assemblages is combined with the qualitative look at individual objects or groups of objects to consider questions of the wealth and gender of those dedicating the votives as well as their geographical origin. The chapter shows that dedicatory assemblages can provide invaluable insights into the way in which the local constitutes itself in ever different ways at each of these sanctuaries. It also illustrates that material objects can point to both their practical uses as well as the thinking of those engaged in their circulation.

Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2023

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aleshire, S. (1992) ‘The Economics of Dedication at the Athenian Asklepieion’, in Linders, T. and Alroth, B. (eds.) Economics of Cult in the Ancient Greek World: Proceedings of the Uppsala Symposium 1990. Uppsala, 8599.Google Scholar
Alexandridou, A. (2013) ‘Archaic Pottery and Terracottas from the Sanctuary of Poseidon at Kalaureia’, Opuscula 6, 81150.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arafat, K. (1999) ‘Archaic Pottery at Isthmia: A Preliminary Survey’, in Puig, Villanueva et al. (eds.) Céramique et peinture grecques: modes d’emploi. Paris, 5561.Google Scholar
Arafat, K. (2015) ‘The Chigi Painter at Isthmia?’, in Gebhard, E. R. and Gregory, T. E. (eds.) Bridge of the Untiring Sea: The Corinthian Isthmus from Prehistory to Late Antiquity. Princeton, N.J., 119–32.Google Scholar
Baitinger, H. (2001) Olympische Forschungen XXXIX: Die Angriffswaffen aus Olympia. Berlin.Google Scholar
Barfoed, S. (2015a) ‘Cult in Context: The Ritual Significance of Miniature Pottery in Ancient Greek Sanctuaries from the Archaic to the Hellenistic Period’. PhD thesis, Kent.Google Scholar
Barfoed, S. (2015b) ‘The Significant Few: Miniature Pottery from the Sanctuary of Zeus at Olympia’, World Archaeology 47, 170–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barfoed, S. (2018) ‘The Use of Miniature Pottery in Archaic–Hellenistic Greek Sanctuaries: Considerations on Terminology and Ritual Practice’, Opuscula 11, 111–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barringer, J. M. (2010) ‘Zeus at Olympia’, in Bremmer, J. N. and Erskine, A. (eds.) The Gods of Ancient Greece: Identities and Transformations. Edinburgh, 155–77.Google Scholar
Baumbach, J. B. (2004) The Significance of Votive Offerings in Selected Hera Sanctuaries in the Peloponnese, Ionia and Western Greece. Oxford.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beck, H. (2020) Localism and the Ancient Greek City-State. Chicago, Ill.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blackman, D. J. (1966) ‘The Harbour at Perachora’, Annual of the British School at Athens 61, 192–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blegen, C. W., Palmer, H. and Young, R. S. (1964) Corinth XIII: The North Cemetery. Princeton, N.J.Google Scholar
Boardman, J. (1967) Excavations in Chios, 1952–1955: Greek Emporio. London.Google Scholar
Boardman, J. et al. (2004) ‘Greek Dedications II: Greek Votive Objects’, in ThesCRA vol. 1: Processions, Sacrifices, Libations, Fumigations, Dedications, 281318.Google Scholar
Bookidis, N. (2003) ‘The Sanctuaries of Corinth’, in Williams, C. K. II and Bookidis, N. (eds.) Corinth XX: The Centenary 1896–1996. Princeton, N.J., 247–59.Google Scholar
Bookidis, N. (2009) ‘Large-scale Terracottas and the Cult of Demeter and Kore in Corinth’, in Prêtre, C. (ed.) Le donateur, l’offrande et la déesse: systèmes votifs des sanctuaries de déesses dans le monde grec: actes du 31e colloque international organisé par l’UMR Halma-Ipel. Liège, 225–37.Google Scholar
Bookidis, N. (2010a) Corinth XVIII.5: The Sanctuary of Demeter and Kore, the Terracotta Sculpture. Princeton, N.J.Google Scholar
Bookidis, N. (2010b) ‘The Sanctuary of Demeter and Kore at Corinth: A Review and an Update’, in I. Leventi and C. Mitsopoulou (eds.) Ιερά και λατρείες της Δήμητρας στον αρχαίο ελληνικό κόσμο. Volos, 137–54.Google Scholar
Bookidis, N. (2015) ‘Part I: The Greek Lamps’, in Bookidis, N. and Pemberton, E. G. (eds.) Corinth XVIII.7: The Sanctuary of Demeter and Kore, the Greek Lamps and Offering Trays. Princeton, N.J., 3108.Google Scholar
Bookidis, N. and Stroud, R. S. (1997) Corinth XVIII.3: The Sanctuary of Demeter and Kore, Topography and Architecture. Princeton, N.J.Google Scholar
Bremmer, J. N. (1994) Greek Religion. Oxford.Google Scholar
Brize, P. (1989–90) ‘Archaische Bronzevotive aus dem Heraion von Samos’, Scienze dell’Antichità: Storia archeologia antropologia 3–4, 317–26.Google Scholar
Broneer, O. (1971) Isthmia I: Temple of Poseidon. Princeton, N.J.Google Scholar
Broneer, O. (1973) Isthmia II: Topography and Architecture. Princeton, N.J.Google Scholar
Brumfield, A. (1997) ‘Cakes in the Liknon: Votives from the Sanctuary of Demeter and Kore on Acrocorinth’, Hesperia 66(1), 147–72.Google Scholar
Burkert, W. (1985) Greek Religion, transl. J. Raffan. Oxford (German original 1977).Google Scholar
Cooper, F. A. (1996) The Temple of Apollo Bassitas I: The Architecture. Princeton, N.J.Google Scholar
Cou, H. F. de (1905) ‘The Bronzes of the Argive Heraeum’, in Waldstein, C. (ed.) Argive Heraeum II. Boston, Mass. and New York, N.Y., 191340.Google Scholar
Dickey, K. (1992) ‘Corinthian Burial Customs ca. 1100–500 BC’. PhD thesis, Bryn Mawr.Google Scholar
Dunbabin, T. J. (1962) Perachora II: The Sanctuaries of Hera Akraia and Limenia: Excavations of the British School of Archaeology at Athens 1930–33. Pottery, Ivories, Scarabs. Oxford.Google Scholar
Eidinow, E., Kindt, J. and Osborne, R. (eds.) (2016) Theologies of Ancient Greek Religion. Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eidinow, E. et al. (2016) ‘Introduction: What Might We Mean by the Theologies of Ancient Greek Religion?’, in Eidinow, E., Kindt, J. and Osborne, R. (eds.) Theologies of Ancient Greek Religion. Cambridge, 111.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ekroth, G. (2003) ‘Small Pots, Poor People? The Use and Function of Miniature Pottery as Votive Offerings in Archaic Sanctuaries in the Argolid and the Corinthia’, in Schmaltz, B. and Soldner, M. (eds.) Griechische Keramik im kulturellen Kontext: Akten des internationalen Vasen-Symposions in Kiel vom 24–28.9.2001. Münster, 3537.Google Scholar
Felsch, R. (2007) Kalapodi II: Ergebnisse der Ausgrabungen im Heiligtum der Artemis und des Apollon von Hyampolis in der antiken Phokis. Mainz.Google Scholar
Foxhall, L. (2015) ‘Introduction: Miniaturization’, World Archaeology 47(1), 15.Google Scholar
Foxhall, L. and Stears, K. (2000) ‘Redressing the Balance: Dedications of Clothing to Artemis and the Order of Life Stages’, in Donald, M. and Hurcombe, L. (eds.) Gender and Material Culture in Historical Perspective. London, 316.Google Scholar
Freyer-Schauenburg, B. (1974) Samos XI: Bildwerke der archaischen Zeit und des strengen Stils. Bonn.Google Scholar
Frielinghaus, H. (2011) Olympische Forschungen XXXIII: Die Helme von Olympia. Berlin.Google Scholar
Gimatzidis, S. (2011) ‘Feasting and Offering to the Gods in Early Greek Sanctuaries: Monumentalisation and Miniaturisation in Pottery’, Pallas 86, special edition The Gods of Small Things, 7596.Google Scholar
Gould, J. (1985) ‘On Making Sense of Greek Religion’, in Easterling, P. E. and Muir, J. V. (eds.) Greek Religion and Society. Cambridge, 133.Google Scholar
Hammond, L. A. (2005) ‘Arcadian Miniature Pottery’, in Østby, E. (ed.) Ancient Arcadia: Papers from the Third International Seminar on Ancient Arcadia, Held at the Norwegian Institute at Athens, 7–10 May 2002. Athens, 415–27.Google Scholar
Hammond, L. A. (2014) ‘Miniature Ceramics from the Sanctuary’, in Østby, E. (ed.) Tegea I. Investigations in the Temple of Athena Alea 1991–94. Athens, 401–57.Google Scholar
Hansen, M. H. and Nielsen, T. H. (eds.) (2004) An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis. Oxford.Google Scholar
Heilmeyer, W.-D. (1979) Olympische Forschungen XII: Frühe Olympische Bronzefiguren: Die Tiervotive. Berlin.Google Scholar
Herrmann, H.-V. (1964) ‘Werkstätten geometrischer Bronzeplastik’, Jahrbuch des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts 79, 1771.Google Scholar
Hoppin, J. C. (1905) ‘The Vases and Vase Fragments’, in Waldstein, C. (ed.) Argive Heraeum II. Boston, Mass., 55184.Google Scholar
Hughes, J. (2017) ‘Souvenirs of the Self: Personal Belongings as Votive Offerings in Ancient Religion’, Religion in the Roman Empire 3(2), 181201.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jackson, A. H. (1991) ‘Hoplites and the Gods: The Dedication of Captured Arms and Armour’, in Hanson, V. D. (ed.) Hoplites: The Classical Greek Battle Experience. London, 228–49.Google Scholar
Jacquemin, A. (1999) Offrandes monumentales à Delphes. Paris.Google Scholar
Jantzen, U. (1972) Samos VIII: Ägyptische und orientalische Bronzen aus dem Heraion von Samos. Bonn.Google Scholar
Jenkins, R. J.-H. (1940) ‘Terracottas’, in Payne, H. (ed.) Perachora I: The Sanctuaries of Hera Akraia and Limenia: Excavations of the British School of Archaeology at Athens 1930–33. Architecture, Bronzes, Terracottas. Oxford, 191255.Google Scholar
Kahil, L. (1977) ‘L’Artémis de Brauron: rites et mystère’, Antike Kunst 20(2), 8698.Google Scholar
Kilian-Dirlmeier, I. (1984) Nadeln der frühhelladischen bis archaischen Zeit von der Peloponnes. Munich.Google Scholar
Kilian-Dirlmeier, I. (1985) ‘Fremde Weihungen in griechischen Heiligtümern vom 8. bis zum Beginn des 7. Jahrhunderts v. Chr.’, Jahrbuch des Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums 32, 215–54.Google Scholar
Kindt, J. (2015) ‘Personal Religion: A Productive Category for the Study of Ancient Greek Religion?’, The Journal of Hellenic Studies 135, 3550.Google Scholar
Klebinder-Gauss, G. (2015) ‘Interpreting Votive Offerings from Early Archaic Deposits at the Artemision of Ephesos’, in Pakkanen, P. and Bocher, S. (eds.) Cult Material: From Archaeological Deposits to Interpretation of Early Greek Religion. Helsinki, 107–21.Google Scholar
Kyrieleis, H. (1988) ‘Offerings of the “Common Man” in the Heraion at Samos’, in Hägg, R., Marinatos, N. and Nordquist, G. C. (eds.) Early Greek Cult Practice: Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium at the Swedish Institute at Athens, 26–29 June, 1986. Stockholm, 215–21.Google Scholar
Kyrieleis, H. (1993) ‘The Heraion at Samos’, in Hägg, R. and Marinatos, N. (eds.) Greek Sanctuaries, New Approaches. London, 99122.Google Scholar
Langdon, M. K. (1976) ‘A Sanctuary of Zeus on Mount Hymettos’, Hesperia Suppl. 16, 1148.Google Scholar
Langdon, S. (2019) ‘Archaic Votive Figurines from the Sanctuary of Demeter at Corinth’, Les Carnets de l’ACoSt 19.Google Scholar
Larson, J. (2009) ‘Arms and Armour in the Sanctuaries of Goddesses: A Quantitative Approach’, in Prêtre, C. (ed.) Le donateur, l’offrande et la déesse: systèmes votifs des sanctuaires de déesses dans le monde grec. Liège, 123–33.Google Scholar
Luce, J.-M. (2011) ‘From Miniature Objects to Giant Ones: The Process of Defunctionalisation in Sanctuaries and Graves in Iron Age Greece’, Pallas 86, 5373.Google Scholar
Maass, M. (1978) Olympische Forschungen XX: Die geometrischen Dreifüsse von Olympia. Berlin.Google Scholar
Menadier, B. (1995) ‘The Sixth Century BC Temple and the Sanctuary and Cult of Hera Akraia’. PhD thesis, Cincinnati, Ohio.Google Scholar
Merker, G. S. (2003) ‘Corinthian Terracotta Figurines: The Development of an Industry’, in Williams, C. K. II and Bookidis, N. (eds.) Corinth XX: The Centenary 1896–1996. Princeton, N.J., 233–45.Google Scholar
Mikalson, J. D. (2010) Ancient Greek Religion, second ed. Chichester.Google Scholar
Miller, D. (ed.) (2005) Materiality. Durham, N.C.Google Scholar
Mitsopoulos-Leon, V. (2009) Βραυρών: Die Tonstatuetten aus Heiligtum der Artemis Brauronia: Die frühen Statuetten 7. bis 5. Jh. v. Chr. Athens.Google Scholar
Morgan, C. (1990) Athletes and Oracles: The Transformation of Olympia and Delphi in the Eighth Century BC. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Morgan, C. (1994) ‘The Evolution of a Sacral “Landscape”: Isthmia, Perachora, and the Early Corinthian State’, in Alcock, S. E. and Osborne, R. (eds.) Placing the Gods: Sanctuaries and Sacred Space in Ancient Greece. Oxford, 105–42.Google Scholar
Morgan, C. (1999) Isthmia VII: The Late Bronze Age Settlement and Early Iron Age Sanctuary. Princeton, N.J.Google Scholar
Morgan, C. (2002) ‘The Corinthian Aristocracy and Corinthian Cult during the Eighth Century BC’, in Hägg, R. (ed.) Peloponnesian Sanctuaries and Cults: Proceedings of the Ninth International Symposium at the Swedish Institute at Athens, 11–13 June 1994. Stockholm, 4551.Google Scholar
Morgan, C. (2017) ‘Corinthian Sanctuaries and the Question of Cult Buildings’, in Morgan, C. and Charalambidou, X. (eds.) Interpreting the Seventh Century BC: Tradition and Innovation. Oxford, 193211.Google Scholar
Osborne, R. (2004) ‘Hoards, Votives, Offerings: The Archaeology of the Dedicated Objects’, World Archaeology 36(1), 110.Google Scholar
Osborne, R. (2009) Greece in the Making, 1200–479 BC, second ed. London.Google Scholar
Palaiokrassa-Kopitsa, L. and Vivliodetis, E. (2015) ‘The Sanctuaries of Artemis Mounichia and Zeus Parnessios: Their Relation to the Religious and Social Life in the Athenian City-State until the End of the 7th Century BC’, in Vlachou, V. (ed.) Pots, Workshops and Early Iron Age Society: Function and Role of Ceramics in Early Greece. Brussels, 155–80.Google Scholar
Parker, R. (2005) Polytheism and Society at Athens. Oxford.Google Scholar
Parker, R. (2011) On Greek Religion. Ithaca, N.Y.Google Scholar
Patera, I. (2012) Offrir en Grèce ancienne: gestes et contexts. Stuttgart.Google Scholar
Patera, I. (2015) ‘Objects as Substitutes in Ancient Greek Ritual’, Religion in the Roman Empire 1(2), 181200.Google Scholar
Payne, H. (1940) Perachora I: The Sanctuaries of Hera Akraia and Limenia: Excavations of the British School of Archaeology at Athens 1930–33. Architecture, Bronzes, Terracottas. Oxford.Google Scholar
Pemberton, E. G. (1989) Corinth XVIII.1: The Sanctuary of Demeter and Kore, the Greek Pottery. Princeton, N.J.Google Scholar
Pemberton, E. G. (2015) ‘Part II: The Offering Trays’, in Bookidis, N. and Pemberton, E. G. (eds.) Corinth XVIII.7: The Sanctuary of Demeter and Kore, the Greek Lamps and Offering Trays. Princeton, N.J., 109–42.Google Scholar
Pemberton, E. G. (2020) ‘Small and Miniature Vases at Ancient Corinth’, Hesperia 89(2), 281338.Google Scholar
Pilz, O. (2011) ‘The Uses of Small Things and the Semiotics of Greek Miniature Objects’, Pallas 86, 1530.Google Scholar
Platt, V. (2018) ‘Clever Devices and Cognitive Artifacts: Votive Giving in the Ancient World’, in Weinryb, I. (ed.) Agents of Faith: Votive Objects in Time and Place. New York, N.Y., 141–58.Google Scholar
Polinskaya, I. (2013) A Local History of Greek Polytheism: Gods, People and the Land of Aigina, 800–400 BCE. Leiden and Boston, Mass.Google Scholar
Raubitschek, I. K. (1998) Isthmia VII: The Metal Objects. Princeton, N.J.Google Scholar
Richter, G. M. A. (1966) The Furniture of the Greeks, Etruscans and Romans. London.Google Scholar
Risser, M. K. (2015) ‘City, Sanctuary, and Feast: Dining Vessels from the Archaic Reservoir in the Sanctuary of Poseidon’, in Gebhard, E. R. and Gregory, T. E. (eds.) Bridge of the Untiring Sea: The Corinthian Isthmus from Prehistory to Late Antiquity. Princeton, N.J., 8396.Google Scholar
Robinson, H. S. (1976) ‘Excavations at Corinth: Temple Hill 1968–1972’, Hesperia 45(3), 203–39.Google Scholar
Rolley, C. (1977) Fouilles de Delphes V.3: les trépieds à cuve clouée. Paris.Google Scholar
Rouse, W. H. D. (1902) Greek Votive Offerings: An Essay in the History of Greek Religion. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Salapata, G. (2011) ‘The More the Better? Votive Offerings in Sets’, Australasian Society for Classical Studies 32, 110.Google Scholar
Salapata, G. (2015) ‘Terracotta Votive Offerings in Sets or Groups’, in Huysecom-Haxhi, S. and Muller, A. (eds.) Figurines grecques en context: présence muette dans le sanctuaire, la tombe et la maison. Villeneuve-d’Ascq, 179–97.Google Scholar
Salapata, G. (2018) ‘Tokens of Piety: Inexpensive Dedications as Functional and Symbolic Objects’, Opuscula 11, 97109.Google Scholar
Salmon, J. (1972) ‘The Heraeum at Perachora, and the Early History of Corinth and Megara’, Annual of the British School at Athens 67, 159204.Google Scholar
Schmitt, H.-O. (2007) ‘Die Angriffswaffen’, in Felsch, R. (ed.) Kalapodi II: Ergebnisse der Ausgrabungen im Heiligtum der Artemis und des Apollon von Hyampolis in der antiken Phokis. Mainz, 423551.Google Scholar
Scott, M. (2010) Delphi and Olympia: The Spatial Politics of Panhellenism in the Archaic and Classical Periods. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Shefton, B. B. (1962) ‘Other Non-Corinthian Vases’, in Dunbabin, T. J. (ed.) Perachora II: The Sanctuaries of Hera Akraia and Limenia: Excavations of the British School of Archaeology at Athens 1930–33. Pottery, Ivories, Scarabs. Oxford, 368–88.Google Scholar
Simon, C. G. (1986) Archaic Votive Offerings and Cults of Ionia. Ann Arbor, Mich.Google Scholar
Sinn, U. (1990) ‘Das Heraion von Perachora: Eine sakrale Schutzzone in der korinthischen Peraia’, Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts (Athen. Abt.) 105, 53116.Google Scholar
Snodgrass, A. M. (2006) ‘The Economics of Dedication at Greek Sanctuaries’, in Snodgrass, A. M., Archaeology and the Emergence of Greece: Collected Papers on Early Greece and Related Topics (1965–2002). Edinburgh, 258–68 (originally published 1989/90).Google Scholar
Stewart, S. (1993) On Longing: Narratives of the Miniature, the Gigantic, the Souvenir, the Collection. Durham, N.C.Google Scholar
Straten, F. T. van (1981) ‘Gifts for the Gods’, in Versnel, H. S. (ed.) Faith, Hope and Worship: Aspects of Religious Mentality in the Ancient World. Leiden, 65151.Google Scholar
Straten, F. T. van (1992) ‘Votives and Votaries in Greek Sanctuaries’, in Schachter, A. (ed.) Le Sanctuaire grec: huit exposés suivis de discussions. Geneva, 247–84.Google Scholar
Strøm, I. (1995) ‘The Early Sanctuary of the Argive Heraion and Its External Relations (8th–Early 6th Century BC)’, Proceedings of the Danish Institute at Athens 1, 37128.Google Scholar
Stroud, R. S. (1965) ‘The Sanctuary of Demeter and Kore on Acrocorinth. Preliminary Report I: 1961–1962’, Hesperia 34, 124.Google Scholar
Sturgeon, M. C. (1987) Isthmia IV: Sculpture 1, 1952–1967. Princeton, N.J.Google Scholar
Theodoropoulou, T. (2009) ‘The Sea-shells from the Excavations in Area H in the Sanctuary of Poseidon at Kalaureia in 2007 and 2008 (Appendix)’, Opuscula 2, 135–41.Google Scholar
Thomsen, A. (2015) ‘Riding for Poseidon: Terracotta Figurines from the Sanctuary of Poseidon’, in Gebhard, E. R. and Gregory, T. E. (eds.) Bridge of the Untiring Sea: The Corinthian Isthmus from Prehistory to Late Antiquity. Princeton, N.J., 109–18.Google Scholar
Tomlinson, R. A. (1992) ‘Perachora’, in Schachter, A. and Bingen, J. (eds.) Le Sanctuaire grec: huit exposés suivis de discussions. Geneva, 321–46.Google Scholar
Verdelis, N. M. (1962) ‘A Sanctuary at Solygeia’, Archaeology 15(3), 184–92.Google Scholar
Wace, A. J. B. (1929) ‘Lead Figurines’, in Dawkins, R. M. (eds.) The Sanctuary of Artemis Orthia at Sparta. London, 249–84.Google Scholar
Wagner, C. (1997) ‘Dedication Practices on the Athenian Acropolis: 8th to 4th Centuries BC’. PhD thesis, Oxford.Google Scholar
Waldstein, C. and Chase, G. H. (1905) ‘The Terracotta Figurines’, in Waldstein, C. (ed.) Argive Heraeum II. Boston, Mass., 344.Google Scholar
Whitley, J. (2001) The Archaeology of Ancient Greece. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Ziskowski, A. and Lamp, D. (2015) ‘Topography and Liminality: The Perachora Peninsula and the Sanctuary of the Heraion’, Journal of Hellenic Religion 8, 126.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×