Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jkksz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T05:16:40.423Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Chapter 3 - Pain Assessment and Management Considerations

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 December 2024

By
K. Elliott Higgins ,
Renata M. Miketic ,
Eugenie S. Heitmiller  and
Emmett E. Whitaker
Edited by
Richard D. Urman  and
Alan David Kaye
Richard D. Urman
Affiliation:
Ohio State University
Alan David Kaye
Affiliation:
Louisiana State University School of Medicine
Get access

Summary

A comprehensive pain management strategy is needed through the entire peri-procedure period for effective and safe patient care. Assessments and interventions pre-procedure, peri-procedure, and post-procedure are codependent. For example, failure to recognize an opioid-dependent patient during the initial pre-procedure screening may result in ineffective analgesia strategies. This chapter deals with important considerations with regard to pre-procedure, peri-procedure, and post-procedure patient assessment and pain management strategies. For a detailed discussion of patient evaluation and procedure selection, see Chapter 4.

Type
Chapter
Information
Moderate and Deep Sedation in Clinical Practice , pp. 39 - 50
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2024

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References

Practice guidelines for moderate procedural sedation and analgesia 2018: a report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Moderate Procedural Sedation and Analgesia, the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons, American College of Radiology, American Dental Association, American Society of Dentist Anesthesiologists, and Society of Interventional Radiology. Anesthesiology. 2018;128(3):437–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shingina, A, Ou, G, Takach, O, et al. Identification of factors associated with sedation tolerance in 5000 patients undergoing outpatient colonoscopy: Canadian tertiary center experience. World J Gastrointest Endosc. 2016;8(20):770–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (n.d.). Calculating total daily dose of opioids for safer dosage. www.cdc.gov/opioids/providers/prescribing/pdf/calculating-total-daily-dose.pdfGoogle Scholar
Kohan, L, Potru, S, Barreveld, AM, et al. Buprenorphine management in the perioperative period: educational review and recommendations from a multisociety expert panel. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2021;46(10):840–59.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Raja, SN, Carr, DB, Cohen, M, et al. The revised International Association for the Study of Pain definition of pain: concepts, challenges, and compromises. Pain. 2020;161(9):1976–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berry, PH, Covington, E, Dahl, J, Katz, J, Miaskowski, C. Pain: Current Understanding of Assessment, Management and Treatments. Reston, VA: National Pharmaceutical Council and the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations, 2006.Google Scholar
Gagliese, L, Weizblit, N, Ellis, W, Chan, VW. The measurement of postoperative pain: a comparison of intensity scales in younger and older surgical patients. Pain. 2005;117:412–20.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Herr, KA, Spratt, K, Mobily, PR, Richardson, G. Pain intensity assessment in older adults: use of experimental pain to compare psychometric properties and usability of selected pain scales with younger adults. Clin J Pain. 2004;20:207–19.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dworkin, RH, Turk, DC, Farrar, JT, et al. Core outcome measures for chronic pain clinical trials: IMMPACT recommendations. Pain. 2005;113(1–2):9–19.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Peters, ML, Patijn, J, Lamé, I. Pain assessment in younger and older pain patients: psychometric properties and patient preference of five commonly used measures of pain intensity. Pain Med. 2007;8(7):601–10.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bieri, D, Reeve, RA, Champion, GD, Addicoat, L, Ziegler, JB. The Faces Pain Scale for the self-assessment of the severity of pain experienced by children: development, initial validation, and preliminary investigation for ratio scale properties. Pain. 1990;41:139–50.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Taylor, LJ, Harris, J, Epps, CD, Herr, K. Psychometric evaluation of selected pain intensity scales for use with cognitively impaired and cognitively intact older adults. Rehabil Nurs. 2005;30:55–61.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stuppy, DJ. The Faces Pain Scale: reliability and validity with mature adults. Appl Nurs Res. 1998;11:84–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Matsumoto, D. Ethnic differences in affect intensity, emotion judgments, display rule attitudes, and self-reported emotional expression in an American sample. Motiv Emotion. 1993;17:107–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hicks, CL, von Baeyer, CL, Spafford, PA, van Korlaar, I, Goodenough, B. The Faces Pain Scale – Revised: toward a common metric in pediatric pain measurement. Pain. 2001;93:173–183.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stallard, P, Williams, L, Lenton, S, Velleman, R. Pain in cognitively impaired, non-communicating children. Arch Dis Child. 2001;85:460–2.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Merkel, SI, Voepel-Lewis, T, Shayevitz, JR, Malviya, S. The FLACC: a behavioral scale for scoring postoperative pain in young children. Pediatr Nurs. 1997;23:293–7.Google ScholarPubMed
Jacobi, J, Fraser, GL, Coursin, DB, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the sustained use of sedatives and analgesics in the critically ill adult. Crit Care Med. 2002;30:119–41.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sauder, P, Andreoletti, M, Cambonie, G, et al. Sedation and analgesia in intensive care (with the exception of new-born babies). French Society of Anesthesia and Resuscitation. French-speaking Resuscitation Society. Ann Fr Anesth Reanim. 2008;27:541–51.Google ScholarPubMed
Chanques, G, Viel, E, Constantin, JM, et al. The measurement of pain in intensive care unit: comparison of 5 self-report intensity scales. Pain 2010;151:711–21.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Payen, JF, Bru, O, Bosson, JL, et al. Assessing pain in critically ill sedated patients by using a behavioral pain scale. Crit Care Med 2001;29:2258–63.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Aissaoui, Y, Zeggwagh, AA, Zekraoui, A, Abidi, K, Abouqal, R. Validation of a behavioral pain scale in critically ill, sedated, and mechanically ventilated patients. Anesth Analg 2005;101:1470–6.Google ScholarPubMed
Ahlers, SJ, van Gulik, L, van der Veen, AM, et al. Comparison of different pain scoring systems in critically ill patients in a general ICU. Crit Care. 2008;12:R15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Joshi, GP. Pain management after ambulatory surgery. Ambulat. Surg. 1999;7:3–12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krenzischek, DA, Wilson, L, Newhouse, R, Mamaril, M, Kane, LH. Clinical evaluation of the ASPAN pain and comfort clinical guideline. J Perianesth Nurs. 2004;19(3), 150–9. https://paininjuryrelief.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/aspan-pain-and-comfort-clinical-guideline.pdfGoogle Scholar
Buss, HE, Melderis, K. PACU pain management algorithm. J Perianesth Nurs. 2002;17:11–20.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Additional Reading

Prabhakar, A, Mancuso, KF, Owen, CP, et al. Perioperative analgesia outcomes and strategies. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol. 2014;28(2):105–15.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vadivelu, N, Mitra, S, Kaye, AD, Urman, RD. Perioperative analgesia and challenges in the drug-addicted and drug-dependent patient. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol. 2014;28(1):91–101.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure no-reply@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×