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Chapter 34 - Neuroimaging of cognitive effects in obstructive sleep apnea

from Section 5 - Neuroimaging of sleep disorders

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 March 2013

By
Robert Joseph Thomas  and
Suk-tak Chan
Edited by
Eric Nofzinger ,
Pierre Maquet  and
Michael J. Thorpy
Eric Nofzinger
Affiliation:
University of Pittsburgh
Pierre Maquet
Affiliation:
Université de Liège, Belgium
Michael J. Thorpy
Affiliation:
Sleep-Wake Disorders Center, Montefiore Medical Center, New York
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Summary

Sleep apnea is an important cause in sleep medicine for a direct sustained assault on the brain, and also indirectly through a range of mechanisms. This chapter summarizes some of these mechanisms, as they are all active in the obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patient. Sleep deprivation/fragmentation, and sleep apnea, alters task-related activation in the executive network. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) may be a special link between sleep, cognition, and brain health. Supportive evidence of a central role for BDNF in sleep homeostasis has emerged, particularly providing a link between wake and use-dependent synaptic plasticity and subsequent slow-wave sleep. Structural and functional imaging can establish if genomic modifiers such as these modify the impact of sleep hypoxia or sleep fragmentation on the adult or pediatric brain structure and function, including cognition. Such imaging genomics has shown some utility in assessing the effects of stimulants in relation to catecholamine metabolizing pathway polymorphisms.

Keywords

temporal lobetranscranial magnetic stimulationneuroimagingparietal lobesleep complaintsmagnetic resonance spectroscopyfrontal lobeinsomnia
Type
Chapter
Information
Neuroimaging of Sleep and Sleep Disorders , pp. 264 - 274
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2013

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