Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dzt6s Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T06:50:04.980Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Bibliography

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 November 2020

Robert A. Blair
Robert A. Blair
Affiliation:
Brown University, Rhode Island
Get access

Summary

A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
Peacekeeping, Policing, and the Rule of Law after Civil War , pp. 237 - 260
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2020

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aboagye, Festus B. and Bah, Alhaji M. S.. 2004. Liberia at a Crossroads: A Preliminary Look at the United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL) and the Protection of Civilians. Pretoria: Institute for Security Studies.Google Scholar
Ahmed, Faisal Z. 2012. “The Perils of Unearned Foreign Income: Aid, Remittances, and Government Survival.” American Political Science Review 106(1):146–65.Google Scholar
News, Al Jazeera. 2017. “Supreme Court delays vote runoff amid fraud allegations.” Al Jazeera, November 6. www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/11/supreme-court-delays-vote-runoff-fraud-allegations-171106133850539.htmlGoogle Scholar
Alao, Abiodun, MacKinlay, John, and Olonisakin, Funmi. 2000. Peacekeepers, Politicians, and Warlords: The Liberian Peace Process. Tokyo: UN University Press.Google Scholar
Aldashev, Gani, Chaara, Imane, Platteau, Jean-Philippe, and Wahhaj, Zaki. 2012. “Formal Law As a Magnet to Reform Custom.” Economic Development and Cultural Change 60(4):795–828.Google Scholar
Allen, Susan Hannah and Yuen, Amy T.. 2014. “The Politics of Peacekeeping: UN Security Council Oversight Across Peacekeeping Missions.” International Studies Quarterly 58(3):621–32.Google Scholar
Anderson, Lisa. 2004. “Antiquated before They Can Ossify: States That Fail before They Form.” Journal of International Affairs 58(1):1–16.Google Scholar
Archibald, Steven. 2006. Feasibility Study into the Rehabilitation & Reintegration of Unregistered Ex-combatants Guthrie Rubber Plantation, Liberia: September– December 2006. Monrovia: Landmine Action.Google Scholar
Archibald, Steven, Davis, Urias, Johnson, Daniel, Kpissay, Korlu, Passawe, Sarah, Sartee, Boye T., and Sumo, Moses. 2006. Rehabilitation and Reintegration of Unregistered Ex-combatants: Guthrie Plantation Feasibility Study, September–November 2006. Monrovia: CHF International.Google Scholar
Arjona, Ana. 2014. “Wartime Institutions: A Research Agenda.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 58(8):1360–89.Google Scholar
Arjona, Ana. 2016. Rebelocracy: Social Order in the Colombian Civil War. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Asfura-Heim, Patricio. 2011. “Tribal Customary Law and Legal Pluralism in Anbar, Iraq.” In Customary Justice and the Rule of Law in War-Torn Societies, ed. Isser, Deborah. Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace, pp. 239–84.Google Scholar
Autesserre, Séverine. 2010. The Trouble with the Congo: Local Violence and the Failure of International Peacebuilding. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Autesserre, Séverine. 2014a. “Going Micro: Emerging and Future Peacekeeping Research.” International Peacekeeping 21(4):492–500.Google Scholar
Autesserre, Séverine. 2014b. Peaceland: Conflict Resolution and the Everyday Politics of International Intervention. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Babb, Carla. 2018. “US Rethinking Peacekeeping Role in Africa.” Voice of America, December 13. www.voanews.com/a/us-rethinking-peacekeeping-role-in-africa/4699587.htmlGoogle Scholar
Baczko, Adam. 2013. “Judging in the Midst of Civil War: The Taliban Courts in Afghanistan (2001–2013).” Politix 4(104):25–46.Google Scholar
Baker, Bruce. 2005. “Who Do People Turn to for Policing in Sierra Leone?” Journal of Contemporary African Studies 23(3):371–90.Google Scholar
Baldwin, Kate. 2015. The Paradox of Traditional Chiefs in Democratic Africa. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Banerjee, Abhijit V., Chattopadhyay, Raghabendra, Duflo, Esther, Keniston, Daniel, and Singh, Nina. 2014. “Improving Police Performance in Rajasthan, India: Experimental Evidence on Incentives, Managerial Autonomy and Training.” NBER Working Paper No. 17912. www.nber.org/papers/w17912Google Scholar
Barakat, Sultan. 2009. “The Failed Promise of Multi-donor Trust Funds: Aid Financing As an Impediment to Effective State-Building in Post-conflict Contexts.”Policy Studies 30(2):107–26.Google Scholar
Barnett, Michael, Fang, Songying, and Zürcher, Christoph. 2014. “Compromised Peace-building.” International Studies Quarterly 58(3):608–20.Google Scholar
Barnett, Michael and Finnemore, Martha. 2005. “The Power of Liberal International Organizations.” In Power in Global Governance, ed. Barnett, Michael and Duvall, Raymond. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, pp. 161–84.Google Scholar
Barnett, Michael N. and Finnemore, Martha. 1999. “The Politics, Power, and Pathologies of International Organizations.” International Organization 53(4):699–732.Google Scholar
Barro, Robert. 2000. “Democracy and the Rule of Law.” In Governing for Prosperity, ed. Bruce Bueno de Mesquita and Hilton L. Root. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, pp. 209–31.Google Scholar
Bateson, Regina Anne. 2013. Order and Violence in Postwar Guatemala. New Haven, CT: Yale University. PhD dissertation.Google Scholar
Beardsley, Kyle. 2011. “Peacekeeping and the Contagion of Armed Conflict.” The Journal of Politics 73(04):1051–64.Google Scholar
Beardsley, Kyle and Gleditsch, Kristian Skrede. 2015. “Peacekeeping As Conflict Containment.” International Studies Review 17(1):67–89.Google Scholar
Beath, Andrew, Christia, Fotini, and Enikolopov, Ruben. 2013. “Winning Hearts and Minds through Development Aid: Evidence from a Field Experiment in Afghanistan.” SSRN Scholarly Paper 2303475. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstractid=2303475Google Scholar
Beauvais, Joel C. 2001. “Benevolent Despotism: A Critique of UN State-Building in East Timor.” New York University Journal of International Law and Politics 33:1101.Google Scholar
Beber, Bernd, Gilligan, Michael J., Guardado, Jenny, and Karim, Sabrina. 2017. “Peace-keeping, Compliance with International Norms, and Transactional Sex in Monrovia, Liberia.” International Organization 71(1):1–30.Google Scholar
Bellamy, Alex J., Williams, Paul, and Griffin, Stuart. 2004. Understanding Peacekeeping. 1st ed. Malden, MA: Polity.Google Scholar
Benson, Michelle and Kathman, Jacob D.. 2014. “United Nations Bias and Force Commitments in Civil Conflicts.” The Journal of Politics 76(02):350–363.Google Scholar
Bertram, Eva. 1995. “Reinventing Governments.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 39(3):387–418.Google Scholar
Biddle, Stephen. 2011. “Running Out of Time for Afghan Governance Reform.” Foreign Affairs, December. www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/136875/stephen-biddle/leaving-afghanistan-to-the-warlords?cid=rss-rss_xml-leaving_afghanistan_to_the_war-000000Google Scholar
Bingham, Tom. 2011. The Rule of Law. London: Penguin.Google Scholar
Blair, Graeme and Imai, Kosuke. 2012. “Statistical Analysis of List Experiments.” Political Analysis 20(1):47–77.Google Scholar
Blair, Graeme, Imai, Kosuke, and Lyall, Jason. 2014. “Comparing and Combining List and Endorsement Experiments: Evidence from Afghanistan.” American Journal of Political Science 58(4):1043–63.Google Scholar
Blair, Robert, Blattman, Christopher, and Hartman, Alexandra. 2011. Patterns of Conflict and Cooperation in Liberia (Part 1): Results from a Longitudinal Study. New Haven, CT: Innovations for Poverty Action.Google Scholar
Blair, Robert, Karim, Sabrina, Gilligan, Michael J., and Beardsley, Kyle C.. 2018. “Policing Ethnicty: Lab-in-the-Field Evidence on Discrimination, Cooperation and Ethnic Balancing in the Liberian National Police.” American Political Science Review 113(3):641–57.Google Scholar
Blair, Robert A. 2019. “International Intervention and the Rule of Law after Civil War: Evidence from Liberia.” International Organization 73(2):365–98.Google Scholar
Blair, Robert A., Blattman, Christopher, and Hartman, Alexandra. 2017. “Predicting Local Violence: Evidence from a Panel Survey in Liberia.” Journal of Peace Research 54(2):298–312.Google Scholar
Blair, Robert A. and Kalmanovitz, Pablo. 2016. “On the Rights of Warlords: Legitimate Authority and Basic Protection in War-Torn Societies.” American Political Science Review 110(3):428–40.Google Scholar
Blair, Robert A., Karim, Sabrina M., and Morse, Benjamin S.. 2019. “Establishing the Rule of Law in Weak and War-Torn States: Evidence from a Field Experiment with the Liberian National Police.” American Political Science Review 113(3):641–57.Google Scholar
Blair, Robert A., Morse, Benjamin S., and Tsai, Lily L.. 2017. “Public Health and Public Trust: Survey Evidence from the Ebola Virus Disease Epidemic in Liberia.” Social Science & Medicine 172:89–97.Google Scholar
Blair, Robert A. and Roessler, Philip. 2018. “The Effects of Chinese Aid on State Legitimacy in Africa: Cross-national and Sub-national Evidence from Surveys, Survey Experiments, and Behavioral Games.” AidData Working Paper 59. www.aiddata.org/publications/the-effects-of-chinese-aid-on-state-legitimacy-in-africa-cross-national-and-sub-national-evidence-from-surveys-survey-experiments-and-behavioral-gamesGoogle Scholar
Blattman, Christopher, Green, Donald, Ortega, Daniel, and Torbon, Santiago. 2019. “Place-Based Interventions at Scale: The Direct and Spillover Effects of Policing and City Services on Crime.” NBER Working Paper No. 23941. www.nber.org/papers/w23941Google Scholar
Blattman, Christopher, Hartman, Alexandra C., and Blair, Robert A.. 2014. “How to Promote Order and Property Rights under Weak Rule of Law? An Experiment in Changing Dispute Resolution Behavior through Community Education.” American Political Science Review 108(01):100–20.Google Scholar
Bliesemann de Guevara, Berit. 2008. “The State in Times of Statebuilding.” Civil Wars 10(4):348–68.Google Scholar
Boaventura de Sousa, Santos. 2002. Toward a New Common Sense: Law, Gloablisation, and Emancipation. London: Butterworth.Google Scholar
Boege, Volker, Anne Brown, M., and Clements, Kevin P.. 2009. “Hybrid Political Orders, Not Fragile States.” Peace Review 21:13–21.Google Scholar
Boone, Catherine. 2014. Property and Political Order in Africa: Land Rights and the Structure of Politics. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Bowles, Edith and Chopra, Tanja. 2008. “East Timor: Statebuilding Revisited.” In Building States to Build Peace, ed. Call, Charles T. and Wyeth, Vanessa. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, pp. 271–302.Google Scholar
Braga, Anthony A. and Bond, Brenda J.. 2008. “Policing Crime and Disorder Hot Spots: A Randomized Controlled Trial.” Criminology 46(3):577–607.Google Scholar
Brautigam, Deborah. 1992. “Governance, Economy, and Foreign Aid.” Studies in Comparative International Development 27(3):3–25.Google Scholar
Brautigam, Deborah. 2009. The Dragon’s Gift: The Real Story of China in Africa. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Brautigam, Deborah A. and Knack, Stephen. 2004. “Foreign Aid, Institutions, and Governance in Sub-Saharan Africa.” Economic Development and Cultural Change 52(2):255–85.Google Scholar
Brooks, Rosa. 2003. “The New Imperialism: Violence, Norms, and the ‘Rule of Law.’” Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works 101(7):2275–340.Google Scholar
Brooks, Rosa Ehrenreich. 2005. “Failed States, or the State As Failure?” The University of Chicago Law Review 72(4):1159–96.Google Scholar
Brown, M. Anne and Gusmao, Alex Freitas. 2009. “Peacebuilding and Political Hybridity in East Timor.” Peace Review 21(1):61–9.Google Scholar
Brzoska, Michael and Law, David. 2013. Security Sector Reconstruction and Reform in Peace Support Operations. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Butty, James. 2011. “Liberian Authorities Arrest Another Opposition Official.” Voice of America, December 28. www.voanews.com/a/butty-liberia-opposition-arrests-cephus-29december11-136361178/159378.htmlGoogle Scholar
Búzás, Zoltán I. 2018. “Is the Good News about Law Compliance Good News about Norm Compliance? The Case of Racial Equality.” International Organization 72(2):351–85.Google Scholar
Call, Charles T. 2007a. “Introduction: What We Know and Don’t Know about Postconflict Justice and Security Reform.” In Constructing Justice and Security after War, ed. Call, Charles T.. Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace, pp. 3–26.Google Scholar
Call, Charles T. 2008a. “Building States to Build Peace?” In Building States to Build Peace, ed. Call, Charles T. and Wyeth, Vanessa. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, pp. 365–88.Google Scholar
Call, Charles T. 2008b. “Ending Wars, Building States.”In Building States to Build Peace, ed. Charles T. Call and Vanessa Wyeth. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, pp. 1–24.Google Scholar
Call, Charles T. 2008c. “The Fallacy of the ‘Failed State.’” Third World Quarterly 29:1491–507.Google Scholar
Call, Charles T., ed. 2007b. Constructing Justice and Security after War. Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace.Google Scholar
Call, Charles T. and Cousens, Elizabeth M.. 2008. “Ending Wars and Building Peace: International Responses to War-Torn Societies.” International Studies Perspectives 9(1):1–21.Google Scholar
Campbell, Susanna, Chandler, David, and Sabaratnam, Meera, eds. 2011. A Liberal Peace?: The Problems and Practices of Peacebuilding. London: Zed Books.Google Scholar
Cao, Lan. 2007. “Culture Change.” Virginia Journal of International Law 47(2): 357–412.Google Scholar
Caparini, Marina. 2014. Extending State Authority in Liberia: The Gbarnga Justice and Security Hub. Oslo: Norwegian Institute of International Affairs. NUPI Report No. 5.Google Scholar
Carlson, Scott N. 2006. Legal and Judicial Rule of Law Work in Multi-dimensional Peacekeeping Operations: Lessons-Learned Study. New York: UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations.Google Scholar
Carnegie Corporation of New York. 1997. Preventing Deadly Conflict: Final Report. New York: Carnegie Corporation of New York.Google Scholar
Carothers, Thomas. 1998. “The Rule of Law Revival.” Foreign Affairs 77(2):95–106.Google Scholar
Carothers, Thomas. 2009. “Rule of Law Temptations.” Fletcher Forum of World Affairs 33:49–61.Google Scholar
Carothers, Thomas, ed. 2006. Promoting the Rule of Law Abroad: In Search of Knowledge. Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.Google Scholar
Carter, Brett L. 2016. “The Struggle over Term Limits in Africa: How International Pressure Can Help.” Journal of Democracy 27(3):36–50.Google Scholar
Cassell, Webster D. 2007. “‘I Was Questioned about War Crimes, Ellen’s Issues’– Says Mulbah Morlu.” The Inquirer, February 16. https://allafrica.com/stories/200702160936.htmlGoogle Scholar
Cawthra, Gavin and Luckham, Robin, eds. 2003. Governing Insecurity: Democratic Control of Military and Security Establishments in Transitional Democracies. London: Zed Books.Google Scholar
Chesterman, Simon. 2001. East Timor in Transition: From Conflict Prevention to State-building. New York: International Peace Academy.Google Scholar
Chesterman, Simon. 2002. “Walking Softly in Afghanistan: The Future of UN State-building.” Survival 44(3):37–45.Google Scholar
Chesterman, Simon. 2005. You, the People: The United Nations, Transitional Administration, and State-Building. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Chesterman, Simon. 2007. “Ownership in Theory and in Practice: Transfer of Authority in UN Statebuilding Operations.” Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding 1(1): 3–26.Google Scholar
Chesterman, Simon, Ignatieff, Michael, and Thakur, Ramesh. 2005. “Introduction: Making States Work.” In Making States Work: State Failure and the Crisis of Governance, ed. Chesterman, Simon, Ignatieff, Michael, and Thakur, Ramesh. Tokyo: United Nations University Press, pp. 1–10.Google Scholar
Cialdini, Robert B. 2008. Influence: Science and Practice. 5th ed. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.Google Scholar
Clark, Samuel and Stephens, Matthew. 2011. “Reducing Injustice? A Grounded Approach to Strengthening Hybrid Justice Systems: Lessons from Indonesia.” In Customary Justice: Perspectives on Legal Empowerment, ed. Ubink, Janine. Rome: International Development Law Organization, pp. 67–90.Google Scholar
Clarke, Prue and Azango, Mae. 2017. “The Tearing Down of Ellen Johnson Sirleaf.” Foreign Policy, October 9. https://foreignpolicy.com/2017/10/09/the-tearing-down-of-ellen-johnson-sirleaf-liberia-elections/Google Scholar
Cloward, Karisa. 2015. “Elites, Exit Options, and Social Barriers to Norm Change: The Complex Case of Female Genital Mutilation.” Studies in Comparative International Development 50(3):378–407.Google Scholar
Clunan, Anne and Trinkunas, Harold. 2010. “Alternative Governance and Security.” In Ungoverned Spaces: Alternatives to State Authority in an Era of Softened Sovereignty, ed. Clunan, Anne and Trinkunas, Harold. Stanford: Stanford University Press, pp. 275–94.Google Scholar
Coll, Steve. 2012. “Looking For Mullah Omar.” The New Yorker January 23:44–55.Google Scholar
Colvin, Eric. 1978. “The Sociology of Secondary Rules.” The University of Toronto Law Journal 28(2):195–214.Google Scholar
Cooper, Jasper. 2019. “State Capacity and Gender Inequality: Experimental Evidence from Papua New Guinea.” Working Paper.Google Scholar
Corrales, Javier and Penfold, Michael. 2014. “Manipulating Term Limits in Latin America.” Journal of Democracy 25(4):157–68.Google Scholar
Corstange, Daniel. 2009. “Sensitive Questions, Truthful Answers? Modeling the List Experiment with LISTIT.” Political Analysis 17(1):45–63.Google Scholar
Cruz, Cesi and Schneider, Christina J.. 2017. “Foreign Aid and Undeserved Credit Claiming.” American Journal of Political Science 61(2):396–408.Google Scholar
Curtice, Travis. 2019. “Police and Co-ethnic Bias: Evidence from a Conjoint Experiment in Uganda.” Working Paper.Google Scholar
Dalton, George. 1965. “History, Politics, and Economic Development in Liberia.” Journal of Economic History 25(4):569–91.Google Scholar
Davidson, Basil. 1993. The Black Man’s Burden: Africa and the Curse of the Nation-State. New York: Times Books.Google Scholar
d’Azevedo, Warren. 1969. “A Tribal Reaction to Nationalism, Part 1.” Liberian Studies Journal 1(2):1–22.Google Scholar
Debiel, Tobias, Glassner, Rainer, Schetter, Conrad, and Terlinden, Ulf. 2009. “Local State-Building in Afghanistan and Somaliland.” Peace Review 21:38–44.Google Scholar
Desmet, Ellen. 2011. “Interaction between Customary Legal Systems and the Formal System of Peru.” In Customary Justice: Perspectives on Legal Empowerment, ed. Ubink, Janine. Rome: International Development Law Organization, pp. 151–68.Google Scholar
Di Tella, Rafael and Schargrodsky, Ernesto. 2004. “Do Police Reduce Crime? Estimates Using the Allocation of Police Forces after a Terrorist Attack.” The American Economic Review 94(1):115–33.Google Scholar
Diamond, Michael Jay and Charles Lobitz, W.. 1973. “When Familiarity Breeds Respect: The Effects of an Experimental Depolarization Program on Police and Student Attitudes toward Each Other.” Journal of Social Issues 29(4):95–109.Google Scholar
Diène, Doudou. 2014. Report of the Independent Expert on the Situation of Human Rights in Côte d’Ivoire. New York: UN General Assembly Human Rights Council. A/HRC/25/73.Google Scholar
Dietrich, Simone, Mahmud, Minhaj, and Winters, Matthew S.. 2017. “Foreign Aid, Foreign Policy, and Domestic Government Legitimacy: Experimental Evidence from Bangladesh.” The Journal of Politics 80(1):133–48.Google Scholar
Dietrich, Simone and Winters, Matthew S.. 2015. “Foreign Aid and Government Legitimacy.” Journal of Experimental Political Science 2(02):164–71.Google Scholar
Dodoo, Lennart. 2017. “Amb. Thomas Greenfield – Liberian Leaders Have Failed Liberians.” Front Page Africa, November 19. https://allafrica.com/stories/201711200839.htmlGoogle Scholar
Dorff, Robert H. 1999. “Responding to the Failed State: The Need for Strategy.” Small Wars & Insurgencies 10(3):62–81.Google Scholar
Dorussen, Han and Gizelis, Theodora-Ismene. 2013. “Into the Lion’s Den: Local Responses to UN Peacekeeping.” Journal of Peace Research 5(6):691–706.Google Scholar
Doyle, Michael W. and Sambanis, Nicholas. 2000. “International Peacebuilding: A Theoretical and Quantitative Analysis.” American Political Science Review 94(4):779–801.Google Scholar
Doyle, Michael W. and Sambanis, Nicholas. 2006. Making War and Building Peace: United Nations Peace Operations. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Duncan, Gustavo. 2006. Los Señores de La Guerra: De Paramilitares, Mafiosos y Autodefensas en Colombia. Bogotá: Planeta.Google Scholar
Dworkin, Ronald. 1986. Law’s Empire. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Dworkin, Ronald M. 1967. “The Model of Rules.” The University of Chicago Law Review 35(1):14–46.Google Scholar
The Economist. 2008. “Economics and the Rule of Law: Order in the Jungle.” The Economist, March 13. www.economist.com/node/10849115Google Scholar
Ellis, Stephen. 1995. “Liberia 1989–1994: A Study of Ethnic and Spiritual Violence.” African Affairs 94(375):165–97.Google Scholar
Ellis, Stephen. 2006. The Mask of Anarchy: The Destruction of Liberia and the Religious Dimension of an African Civil War. New York: New York University Press.Google Scholar
Englebert, Pierre. 2000. State Legitimacy and Development in Africa. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner.Google Scholar
Englebert, Pierre and Tull, Denis M.. 2008. “Postconflict Reconstruction in Africa: Flawed Ideas about Failed States.” International Security 32(4):106–39.Google Scholar
Ero, Comfort. 2003. “Sierra Leone: The Legacies of Authoritarianism and Political Violence.” In Governing Insecurity: Democratic Control of Military and Security Establishments in Transitional Democracies, ed. Cawthra, Gavin and Luckham, Robin. London: Zed Books, pp. 242–53.Google Scholar
Fearon, James D. and Laitin, David D.. 2011. “Neotrusteeship and the Problem of Weak States.” International Security 28(4):5–43.Google Scholar
Finnemore, Martha. 2004. The Purpose of Intervention: Changing Beliefs about the Use of Force. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Finnemore, Martha and Sikkink, Kathryn. 1998. “International Norm Dynamics and Political Change.” International Organization 52(4):887–917.Google Scholar
Fortna, Virginia Page. 2003. “Inside and Out: Peacekeeping and the Duration of Peace after Civil and Interstate Wars.” International Studies Review 5(4):97–114.Google Scholar
Fortna, Virginia Page. 2004. “Does Peacekeeping Keep Peace? International Intervention and the Duration of Peace after Civil War.” International Studies Quarterly 48(2):269–92.Google Scholar
Fortna, Virginia Page. 2008a. Does Peacekeeping Work?: Shaping Belligerents’ Choices after Civil War. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Fortna, Virginia Page. 2008b. “Peacekeeping and Democratization.” In From War to Democracy: Dilemmas of Peacebuilding, ed. Jarstad, Anna K. and Sisk, Timothy D.. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, pp. 39–79.Google Scholar
Freedom House. 2005. Freedom in the World 2005: Liberia. New York: Freedom House. https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2005/liberiaGoogle Scholar
Freedom House. 2007. Freedom in the World 2007: Liberia. New York: Freedom House. https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2007/liberiaGoogle Scholar
Freedom House. 2008. Freedom in the World 2008: Liberia. New York: Freedom House. https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2008/liberiaGoogle Scholar
Freedom House. 2011. Freedom in the World 2011: Liberia. New York: Freedom House. https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2011/liberiaGoogle Scholar
Freedom House. 2013. Freedom in the World 2013: Liberia. New York: Freedom House. https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2013/liberiaGoogle Scholar
Freedom House. 2016. Freedom in the World 2016: Liberia. New York: Freedom House. https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2016/liberiaGoogle Scholar
Friedman, Jonathan and MacAulay, Christine. 2014. Building Civilian Police Capacity: Post-conflict Liberia, 2003–2011. Monrovia: Innovations for Successful Societies.Google Scholar
Fukuyama, Francis. 2004. State-Building: Governance and World Order in the 21st Century. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Fukuyama, Francis. 2010. “Transitions to the Rule of Law.” Journal of Democracy 21(1):33–44.Google Scholar
Fuller, Lon L. 1969. The Morality of Law. Revised ed. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Ganzglass, Martin. 1997. “The Restoration of the Somali Justice System.” In Learning from Somalia: The Lessons of Armed Humanitarian Intervention, ed. Clarke, Walter and Herbst, Jeffrey. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, pp. 20–41.Google Scholar
Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces. 2012. “Measuring the Impact of Peacekeeping Missions on Rule of Law and Security Institutions: Report of the Expert Workshop.” UN Office of Rule of Law and Security Institutions (OROLSI) and Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces (DCAF).Google Scholar
Giahyue, James. 2014. “Liberia Justice Minister Quits, Says President Blocked Investigation.” Reuters, October 7. www.reuters.com/article/us-liberia-politics/liberia-justice-minister-quits-says-president-blocked-investigation-idUSKCN0HW17220141007Google Scholar
Giffen, Alison. 2013. Community Perceptions As a Priority in Protection and Peacekeeping. Washington, DC: Stimson Center. Civilians in Conflict Issue Brief No. 2.Google Scholar
Gilley, Bruce. 2009. The Right to Rule: How States Win and Lose Legitimacy. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Gilligan, Michael and Stedman, Stephen. 2003. “Where Do the Peacekeepers Go?” International Studies Review 5(4):37–54.Google Scholar
Gilligan, Michael J. and Sergenti, Ernest I.. 2008. “Do UN Interventions Cause Peace? Using Matching to Improve Causal Inference.” Quarterly Journal of Political Science 3(2):89–122.Google Scholar
Global Legal Monitor. 2011. “Liberia: Supreme Court Ratifies a Constitutional Amendment.” The Law Library of Congress, September 27. www.loc.gov/law/foreign-news/article/liberia-supreme-court-ratifies-a-constitutional-amendment/Google Scholar
Goldsmith, Andrew. 2002. “Policing Weak States: Citizen Safety and State Responsibility.” Policing and Society 13(1):3–21.Google Scholar
Goldsmith, Arthur A. 2001. “Foreign Aid and Statehood in Africa.” International Organization 55:123–48.Google Scholar
Golub, Stephen. 2003. “Beyond Rule of Law Orthodoxy: The Legal Empowerment Alternative.” Carnegie Endowment Rule of Law Series Working Paper #41. http://carnegieendowment.org/2003/10/14/beyond-rule-of-law-orthodoxy-legal-empowerment-alternative/1ydzGoogle Scholar
Gonzalez-Ocantos, Ezequiel, Jonge, Chad Kiewiet de, Meléndez, Carlos, Osorio, Javier, and Nickerson, David W.. 2012. “Vote Buying and Social Desirability Bias: Experimental Evidence from Nicaragua.” American Journal of Political Science 56(1):202–17.Google Scholar
Gordon, Grant M. and Young, Lauren E.. 2017. “Cooperation, Information, and Keeping the Peace: Civilian Engagement with Peacekeepers in Haiti.”Journal of Peace Research 54(1):64–79.Google Scholar
Gottlieb, Jessica. 2016. “Greater Expectations: A Field Experiment to Improve Accountability in Mali.” American Journal of Political Science 60(1):143–57.Google Scholar
Green, Donald P., Kim, Soo Yeon, and Yoon, David H.. 2001. “Dirty Pool.” International Organization 55(02):441–68.Google Scholar
Griffiths, John. 1986. “What Is Legal Pluralism?” The Journal of Legal Pluralism and Unofficial Law 18(24):1–55.Google Scholar
Grimmer, Justin, Messing, Solomon, and Westwood, Sean J.. 2012. “How Words and Money Cultivate a Personal Vote: The Effect of Legislator Credit Claiming on Constituent Credit Allocation.” American Political Science Review 106:703–19.Google Scholar
Grindle, Merilee S. 2002. Good Enough Governance: Poverty Reduction and Reform in Developing Countries. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Kennedy School of Government.Google Scholar
Guiteras, Raymond and Mobarak, Ahmed Mushfiq. 2015. “Does Development Aid Undermine Political Accountability? Leader and Constituent Responses to a Large-Scale Intervention.”NBER Working Paper No. 21434. www.nber.org/papers/w21434Google Scholar
Hadfield, Gillian K. and Weingast, Barry R.. 2014. “Microfoundations of the Rule of Law.” Annual Review of Political Science 17(1):21–42.Google Scholar
Haggard, Stephan and Tiede, Lydia. 2013. “The Rule of Law in Post-conflict Settings: The Empirical Record.” International Studies Quarterly 58:1–13.Google Scholar
Hampson, Fen Osler. 1997. “Can Peacebuilding Work?” Cornell International Law Journal 30:701–16.Google Scholar
Hart, H. L. A. 1965. “Book Review: Lon Fuller, The Morality of Law.” Harvard Law Review 78:1281–96.Google Scholar
Hart, H. L. A. 2012. The Concept of Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Hartman, Alexandra C., Blair, Robert A., and Blattman, Christopher. 2020. “Engineering Informal Institutions: Long Run Impacts of Alternative Dispute Resolution on Violence and Property Rights in Liberia.” Journal of Politics Forthcoming.Google Scholar
Hayek, F. A. 2006. The Road to Serfdom. New York: Routledge Classics.Google Scholar
Heldt, Birger. 2012. “Peacekeeping and Transitions to Democracy.” In Building Peace, Creating Conflict?: Conflictual Dimensions of Local and International Peacebuilding, ed. Fjelde, Hanne and Hoglund, Kristine. Lund: Nordic Academic Press, pp. 47–72.Google Scholar
Heldt, Birger and Wallensteen, Peter. 2011. “Peacekeeping Operations: Global Patterns of Intervention and Success, 1948–2004.” SSRN Scholarly Paper 1899505. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1899505Google Scholar
Hellweg, Joseph. 2011. Hunting the Ethical State: The Benkadi Movement of Côte d’Ivoire. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Herbst, Jeffrey. 1996. “Responding to State Failure in Africa.” International Security 21(3):120–44.Google Scholar
Herbst, Jeffrey. 2000. States and Power in Africa. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Hessbruegge, Jan and García, Carlos Fredy Ochoa. 2011. “Mayan Law in Post-conflict Guatemala.” In Customary Justice and the Rule of Law in War-Torn Societies, ed. Isser, Deborah. Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace, pp. 77–118.Google Scholar
Higate, Paul and Henry, Marsha. 2009. Insecure Spaces: Peacekeeping in Liberia, Kosovo and Haiti. London: Zed Books.Google Scholar
High-Level Independent Panel on United Nations Peace Operations. 2015. Uniting Our Strength for Peace: Politics, Partnership and People. New York: United Nations. Report of the High-Level Independent Panel on United Nations Peace Operations (HIPPO Report).Google Scholar
Hohe, Tanja. 2003. “Justice without Judiciary in East Timor.” Conflict, Security and Development 3(3):335–57.Google Scholar
Holt, Victoria K. and Taylor, Glyn. 2009. Protecting Civilians in the Context of UN Peacekeeping Operations: Successes, Setbacks and Remaining Challenges. NewYork: United Nations.Google Scholar
Howard, Lise Morjé. 2008. UN Peacekeeping in Civil Wars. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Howard, Lise Morjé. 2019. Power in Peacekeeping: How the UN Works to End War. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Huberich, Charles Henry. 1947. The Political and Legislative History of Liberia, Volume 2. New York: Central Book Co.Google Scholar
Hultman, Lisa. 2010. “Keeping Peace or Spurring Violence? Unintended Effects of Peace Operations on Violence against Civilians.” Civil Wars 12(1–2):29–46.Google Scholar
Hultman, Lisa, Kathman, Jacob, and Shannon, Megan. 2013. “United Nations Peacekeeping and Civilian Protection in Civil War.” American Journal of Political Science 57(4):875–91.Google Scholar
Hultman, Lisa, Kathman, Jacob, and Shannon, Megan. 2014. “Beyond Keeping Peace: United Nations Effectiveness in the Midst of Fighting.” American Political Science Review 108(04):737–53.Google Scholar
Hultman, Lisa, Kathman, Jacob D., and Shannon, Megan. 2016. “United Nations Peacekeeping Dynamics and the Duration of Post-Civil Conflict Peace.” Conflict Management and Peace Science 33(3):231–49.Google Scholar
Watch, Human Rights. 1993. “Waging War to Keep the Peace: The ECOMOG Intervention and Human Rights.” June 1. www.hrw.org/report/1993/06/01/liberia-waging-war-keep-peace/ecomog-intervention-and-human-rightsGoogle Scholar
Watch, Human Rights. 2010. “Côte d’Ivoire: Ensure Security, Protect Expression, Movement.” December 4. www.hrw.org/news/2010/12/04/cote-divoire-ensure-security-protect-expression-movementGoogle Scholar
Watch, Human Rights. 2013. ”No Money, No Justice:” Police Corruption and Abuse in Liberia. New York: Human Rights Watch.Google Scholar
Hurd, Ian. 1999. “Legitimacy and Authority in International Politics.” International Organization 53(2):379–408.Google Scholar
Hurd, Ian. 2002. “Legitimacy, Power, and the Symbolic Life of the UN Security Council.” Global Governance 8(1):35–51.Google Scholar
Group, International Crisis. 2003a. Liberia: Security Challenges. Freetown/Brussels: International Crisis Group. Africa Report No. 71.Google Scholar
Group, International Crisis. 2003b. Tackling Liberia: The Eye of the Regional Storm. Freetown/Brussels: International Crisis Group. Africa Report No. 62.Google Scholar
International Legal Assistance Consortium. 2003. Liberia Mission Report. Stockholm: International Legal Assistance Consortium.Google Scholar
IRIN. 2006. “Rubber Plantations ‘Lawless’, Says UN.” IRIN, May 11. www.irinnews.org/news/2006/05/11/rubber-plantations-%E2%80%9Clawless%E2%80%9D-says-unGoogle Scholar
IRIN. 2007. “Trial by Ordeal Makes the Guilty Burn but ‘Undermines Justice.’” IRIN, November 1. www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=75111Google Scholar
IRIN. 2014. “Tackling Liberia’s High Rape Rate.” IRIN, July 18. www.irinnews.org/report/100364/tackling-liberia%E2%80%99s-high-rape-rateGoogle Scholar
Isser, Deborah, ed. 2011. Customary Justice and the Rule of Law in War-Torn Societies. Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace.Google Scholar
Isser, Deborah H., Lubkemann, Stephen C., and N’Tow, Saah. 2009. Looking for Justice: Liberian Experiences and Perceptions of Local Justice Options. Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace.Google Scholar
Janse, Ronald. 2013. “A Turn to Legal Pluralism in Rule of Law Promotion?” Erasmus Law Review 3/4:181–90.Google Scholar
Janssens, Jelle. 2015. State-Building in Kosovo: A Plural Policing Perspective. Antwerp: Maklu.Google Scholar
Jensen, Erik G. 2008. “Justice and the Rule of Law.” In Building States to Build Peace, ed. Call, Charles T. and Wyeth, Vanessa. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, pp. 119–42.Google Scholar
Johns, Robert. 2011. “Credit Where It’s Due? Valence Politics, Attributions of Responsibility, and Multi-Level Elections.” Political Behavior 33(1):53–77.Google Scholar
Jones, Bruce and Cherif, Feryal. 2004. Evolving Models of Peacekeeping: Policy Implications and Responses. New York: UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations. External Study for the UN DPKO Peacekeeping Best Practices Unit.Google Scholar
Jones, Sam and Tarp, Finn. 2016. “Does Foreign Aid Harm Political Institutions?” Journal of Development Economics 118:266–81.Google Scholar
Joseph, Gilbert M. and Nugent, Daniel. 1994. Everyday Forms of State Formation: Revolution and the Negotiation of Rule in Modern Mexico. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Kahler, Miles. 2009. “Statebuilding after Iraq and Afghanistan.” In The Dilemmas of Statebuilding: Confronting the Contradictions of Postwar Peace Operations, ed. Paris, Roland and Sisk, Timothy D.. London: Routledge, pp. 287–303.Google Scholar
Kalyvas, Stathis N. 2006. The Logic of Violence in Civil War. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Karim, Sabrina and Beardsley, Kyle. 2017. Equal Opportunity Peacekeeping: Women, Peace, and Security in Post-conflict States. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Karim, Sabrina, Gilligan, Michael J., Blair, Robert, and Beardsley, Kyle. 2018. “International Gender Balancing Reforms in Postconflict Countries: Lab-in-the-Field Evidence from the Liberian National Police.” International Studies Quarterly 62(3):618–31.Google Scholar
Kaspersen, Anja T., Eide, Espen Barth, and Hansen, Annika S.. 2004. “International Policing and the Rule of Law in Transitions from War to Peace.” NUPI Challenges to Collective Security Paper No. 4. www.nupi.no/en/Publications/CRIStin-Pub/International-Policing-and-the-Rule-of-Law-in-Transitions-from-War-to-PeaceGoogle Scholar
Kathman, J., Beardsley, K., Gizelis, T.-I., Olsson, L., Bove, V., Ruggeri, A., Zwetsloot, R., van der Lijn, J. T. Smit, L. Hultman, H. Dorussen, A. Ruggeri, P. F. Diehl, L. Bosco, , and Goodness, C.. 2017. “The Known Knowns and Known Unknowns of Peacekeeping Data.” International Peacekeeping 24(1):1–62.Google Scholar
Kattel, Rainer, Kregel, Jan A., and Reinert, Erik S., eds. 2011. Ragnar Nurkse: Trade and Development. London: Anthem Press.Google Scholar
Kavanagh, Camino and Jones, Bruce. 2011. “Shaky Foundations: An Assessment of the UN’s Rule of Law Support Agenda.” New York: New York University Center on International Cooperation.Google Scholar
Keck, Margaret E. and Sikkink, Kathryn. 1998. Activists beyond Borders: Advocacy Networks in International Politics. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Kinzinger, Adam and Cicilline, David. 2018. “Opinion: Liberia the Latest Success Story of UN Peacekeepers.” Roll Call, May 29. www.rollcall.com/news/opinion/liberia-united-nations-peacekeeping-missionGoogle Scholar
Krasner, Stephen D. 2004. “Sharing Sovereignty: New Institutions for Collapsed and Failing States.” International Security 29(2):85–120.Google Scholar
Krasno, Jean. 2005. Public Opinion Survey of UNAMSIL’s Work in Sierra Leone. New York: UN Peacekeeping Best Practices Section.Google Scholar
Krasno, Jean. 2006. Public Opinion Survey of UNMIL’s Work in Liberia. New York: UN Peacekeeping Best Practices Section.Google Scholar
Kreps, Sarah and Wallace, Geoffrey. 2009. “Just How Humanitarian are Interventions? Peacekeeping and the Prevention of Civilian Killings during and after Civil Wars.” SSRN Scholarly Paper 1450574. papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1450574Google Scholar
Kuperman, Alan J. 2015. “Liberia: How Diplomacy Helped End a 13-Year Civil War.” In Negotiating in Times of Conflict, ed. Sher, Gilead and Kurz, Anat. Tel Aviv: Institute for National Security Studies, pp. 155–71.Google Scholar
Lake, David A. 2010. “Building Legitimate States after Civil Wars.” In Strengthening Peace in Post-civil War States: Transforming Spoilers into Stakeholders, ed. Matthew Hoddie and Caroline A. Hartzell. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Lake, David A. 2016. The Statebuilder’s Dilemma: On the Limits of Foreign Intervention. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Last, David M. 1997. Theory, Doctrine and Practice of Conflict de-Escalation in Peacekeeping Operations. Clementsport, Nova Scotia: Canadian Peacekeeping Press.Google Scholar
Leander, Anna. 2002. “Wars and the Un-making of States: Taking Tilly Seriously in the Contemporary World.” In Copenhagen Peace Research: Conceptual Innovations and Contemporary Security Analysis, ed. Guzzini, Stefano and Jung, Dietrich. London: Routledge, pp. 69–80.Google Scholar
Lederer, Edith M. 2018. “US Seeks Tougher UN Action against Peacekeepers’ Failures.” Associated Press, September 12. www.apnews.com/6179f08f2f23498baafe438e26126bdaGoogle Scholar
Legislature of Liberia. 2007. An Act of the Legislature to Establish the Governance Commission. Monrovia: Republic of Liberia.Google Scholar
Lemay-Hébert, Nicolas. 2009. “Statebuilding without Nation-Building? Legitimacy, State Failure and the Limits of the Institutionalist Approach.” Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding 3(1):21–45.Google Scholar
Leonardsson, Hanna and Rudd, Gustav. 2015. “The ‘Local Turn’ in Peacebuilding: A Literature Review of Effective and Emancipatory Local Peacebuilding.” Third World Quarterly 36(5):825–39.Google Scholar
Levitt, Steven D. 1997. “Using Electoral Cycles in Police Hiring to Estimate the Effect of Police on Crime.” American Economic Review 87(3):270–90.Google Scholar
Lewis, David and Cocks, Tim. 2010. “Ivory Coast Seals Borders after Opposition Win.” Reuters, December 2. https://reliefweb.int/report/c%C3%B4te-divoire/ivory-coast-seals-borders-after-opposition-winGoogle Scholar
Linzer, Drew A. and Staton, Jeffrey K.. 2015. “A Global Measure of Judicial Independence, 1948–2012.” Journal of Law and Courts 3(2):223–56.Google Scholar
Little, Kenneth. 1965. “The Political Function of the Poro. Part I.” Africa 35(4):349–65.Google Scholar
Lloyd, Garbiella. 2017. Mandating (In)Security: How UN Missions Endanger the Civilians They Intend to Protect. Columbus, OH: The Ohio State University. PhD dissertation.Google Scholar
Lubkemann, Stephen C., Isser, Deborah H., and Philip, A. Z. Banks, III. 2011. “Unintended Consequences: Constraint of Customary Justice in Post-conflict Liberia.” In Customary Justice and the Rule of Law in War-Torn Societies, ed. Isser, Deborah. Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace, pp. 193–237.Google Scholar
Lubkemann, Stephen C., Kyed, Helene Maria, and Garvey, Jennifer. 2011. “Dilemmas of Articulation in Mozambique: Customary Justice in Transition.” In Customary Justice and the Rule of Law in War-Torn Societies, ed. Isser, Deborah. Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace, pp. 13–75.Google Scholar
Luttwak, Edward N. 1999. “Give War a Chance.” Foreign Affairs 78(4):36–44.Google Scholar
Lyall, Jason, Zhou, Yang-Yang, and Imai, Kosuke. 2020. “Can Economic Assistance Shape Combatant Support in Wartime? Experimental Evidence from Afghanistan.” American Political Science Review 114(1):126–43.Google Scholar
Magaloni, Beatriz, Franco, Edgar, and Melo, Vanessa. 2015. “Killing in the Slums: An Impact Evaluation of Police Reform in Rio de Janeiro.” Stanford University Center for Democracy, Development, and the Rule of Law Working Paper. https://cddrl.fsi.stanford.edu/publication/killing-slums-impact-evaluation-police-reform-rio-de-janeiroGoogle Scholar
Malan, Mark. 2008. Security Sector Reform in Liberia: Mixed Results from Humble Beginnings. Carlisle, PA: Strategic Studies Institute.Google Scholar
Mamdani, Mahmood. 1996. Citizen and Subject: Contemporary Africa and the Legacy of Late Colonialism. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Mampilly, Zachariah Cherian. 2011. Rebel Rulers: Insurgent Governance and Civilian Life during War. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Mani, Rama. 2002. Beyond Retribution: Seeking Justice in the Shadows of War. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press.Google Scholar
Manning, Carrie. 2003. “Local Level Challenges to Post-conflict Peacebuilding.” International Peacekeeping 10(3):25–43.Google Scholar
Marten, Kimberly Zisk. 2004. Enforcing the Peace: Learning from the Imperial Past. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Martin, Jane J. 1969. “How to Build a Nation: Liberian Ideas about National Integration in the Later Nineteenth Century.” Liberian Studies Journal 2(1):15–42.Google Scholar
Matanock, Aila M. 2017. Electing Peace: From Civil Conflict to Political Participation. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Mayall, James. 2005. “The Legacy of Colonialism.” In Making States Work: State Failure and the Crisis of Governance, ed. Chesterman, Simon, Ignatieff, Michael, and Thakur, Ramesh. Tokyo: United Nations University Press, pp. 36–58.Google Scholar
Mazerolle, Lorraine, Antrobus, Emma, Bennett, Sarah, and Tyler, Tom R.. 2013. “Shaping Citizen Perceptions of Police Legitimacy: A Randomized Field Trial of Procedural Justice.” Criminology 51(1):33–63.Google Scholar
McCandless, Erin. 2008. “Lessons from Liberia: Integrated Approaches to Peacebuilding in Transitional Settings.” ISS Paper 161. https://issafrica.org/research/papers/lessons-from-liberia-integrated-approaches-to-peacebuilding-in-transitional-settingsGoogle Scholar
McLeod, Allegra M. 2010. “Exporting U.S. Criminal Justice.” Yale Law & Policy Review 29(1):83–164.Google Scholar
Melander, Erik. 2009. “Selected to Go Where Murderers Lurk? The Preventive Effect of Peacekeeping on Mass Killings of Civilians.” Conflict Management and Peace Science 26(4):389–406.Google Scholar
Menkhaus, Kenneth. 2008. “Somalia: Governance vs. Statebuilding.” In Building States to Build Peace, ed. Call, Charles T. and Wyeth, Vanessa. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, pp. 187–215.Google Scholar
Merry, Sally Engle. 1988. “Legal Pluralism.” Law & Society Review 22(5):869–96.Google Scholar
Migdal, Joel S. 1994. “The State in Society: An Approach to Struggles for Domination.” In State Power and Social Forces: Domination and Transformation in the Third World, ed. Migdal, Joel S., Kohli, Atul, and Shue, Vivienne. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, pp. 7–36.Google Scholar
Migdal, Joel S. and Schlichte, Klaus. 2005. “Rethinking the State.” In The Dynamics of States: The Formation and Crises of State Domination, ed. Schlichte, Klaus. Aldershot, England: Ashgate, pp. 1–40.Google Scholar
Miller, Richard W. 2011. “The Ethics of America’s Afghan War.” Ethics & International Affairs 25:103–31.Google Scholar
Mogelson, Luke. 2012. “The Hard Way Out of Afghanistan.” The New York Times Magazine, February 1. www.nytimes.com/2012/02/05/magazine/afghanistan.htmlGoogle Scholar
Moore, Barrington. 1966. Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy: Lord and Peasant in the Making of the Modern World. Boston: Beacon Press.Google Scholar
Moore, Sally Falk. 1973. “Law and Social Change: The Semi-autonomous Social Field As an Appropriate Subject of Study.” Law & Society Review 7(4):719–46.Google Scholar
Moyo, Dambisa. 2010. Dead Aid: Why Aid Makes Things Worse and How There Is Another Way for Africa. London: Penguin.Google Scholar
Mudde, Cas. 2007. Populist Radical Right Parties in Europe. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Mukhopadhyay, Dipali. 2014. Warlords, Strongman Governors, and the State in Afghanistan. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Müller, Jan-Werner. 2016. What Is Populism? Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.Google Scholar
Murtazashvili, Jennifer Brick. 2016. “Afghanistan: A Vicious Cycle of State Failure: Commentary.” Governance 29(2):163–6.Google Scholar
Mvukiyehe, Eric. 2018. “Promoting Political Participation in War-Torn Countries: Micro-level Evidence from Postwar Liberia.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 62(8):1686–726.Google Scholar
Mvukiyehe, Eric and Samii, Cyrus. 2008. Laying a Foundation for Peace? A Quantitative Impact Evaluation of the United Nations Operation in Cote d’Ivoire. New York: Columbia University.Google Scholar
Mvukiyehe, Eric and Samii, Cyrus. 2010. Quantitative Impact Evaluation of the United Nations Mission in Liberia: Final Report. New York: Columbia University.Google Scholar
Mvukiyehe, Eric and Samii, Cyrus. 2017. “Promoting Democracy in Fragile States: Field Experimental Evidence from Liberia.” World Development 95:254–67.Google Scholar
Mvukiyehe, Eric and Samii, Cyrus. 2018. “Peacekeeping and Development in Fragile States: Micro-level Evidence from Liberia.” World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 8389. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3152692Google Scholar
Nagin, Daniel S. and Telep, Cody W.. 2017. “Procedural Justice and Legal Compliance.” Annual Review of Law and Social Science 13(1):5–28.Google Scholar
Nanes, Matthew. 2019. “Policing in Divided Societies: Officer Inclusion, Citizen Cooperation, and Crime Prevention.” Conflict Management & Peace Science Forthcoming.Google Scholar
Nanes, Matthew. 2020. “Police Integration and Support for Anti-Government Violence: Evidence from Iraq.” Journal of Peace Research 57(2):329–43.Google Scholar
Neumann, Hannah and Schia, Niels Nagelhus. 2012. Contextualizing Peacebuilding Activities to Local Circumstances: Liberian Case-Study Field Report. Oslo: Norwegian Institute of International Affairs.Google Scholar
Newby, Vanessa F. 2018. Peacekeeping in South Lebanon: Credibility and Local Cooperation. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press.Google Scholar
Nomikos, William G. 2016. “Can International Actors Encourage Interethnic Cooperation after Conflict? Evidence from Peacebuilding in Mali.” Paper presented at the American Political Science Association Annual Meeting, Philadelphia.Google Scholar
Olken, Benjamin A. 2010. “Direct Democracy and Local Public Goods: Evidence from a Field Experiment in Indonesia.” American Political Science Review 104(2):243–67.Google Scholar
Paczynska, Agnieszka. 2010. Liberia ICAF Report. Monrovia, Liberia: USAID Coordinator for Reconstruction and Stabilization.Google Scholar
Pailey, Robtel Neajai and Dillon, Edward Emmett. 2017. “Liberia Needs the Rule of Law, Not Political Expediency.” Al Jazeera, November 62. www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/liberia-rule-law-political-expediency-171126103342342.htmlGoogle Scholar
Palus, Nancy. 2013. “UN Urges Probe into Serious Human Rights Abuses by Traditional Hunters in Côte d’Ivoire.” UN News Centre, December 6. https://news.un.org/en/story/2013/12/457182-un-urges-probe-serious-human-rights-abuses-traditional-hunters-cote-divoire#.VnhizJMrKi6Google Scholar
Paris, Roland. 1997. “Peacebuilding and the Limits of Liberal Internationalism.” International Security 22(2):54–89.Google Scholar
Paris, Roland. 2002. “International Peacebuilding and the ‘Mission Civilisatrice.’” Review of International Studies 28(04):637–56.Google Scholar
Paris, Roland and Sisk, Timothy D.. 2009a. “Introduction: Understanding the Contradictions of Postwar Statebuilding.” In The Dilemmas of Statebuilding: Confronting the Contradictions of Postwar Peace Operations, ed. Paris, Roland and Sisk, Timothy D.. London: Routledge, pp. 1–20.Google Scholar
Paris, Roland and Sisk, Timothy D., eds. 2009b. The Dilemmas of Statebuilding: Confronting the Contradictions of Postwar Peace Operations. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Pfaff, William. 1995. “A New Colonialism? Europe Must Go Back into Africa.” Foreign Affairs 74(1):2–6.Google Scholar
Pouligny, Beatrice. 2006. Peace Operations Seen from Below: UN Missions and Local People. Bloomfield, CT: Kumarian Press.Google Scholar
Prins, Brandon and Phayal, Anup. 2018. “Armed Peacekeepers Really Do Protect Civilians – with One Big Exception.” Monkey Cage, June 14. www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2018/06/13/yes-armed-peacekeepers-actually-do-protect-civilians-except-when-governments-are-the-source-of-the-attacks/Google Scholar
Pugh, Michael. 2011. “Local Agency and Political Economies of Peacebuilding.” Studies in Ethnicity and Nationalism 11(2):308–20.Google Scholar
Radin, Margaret Jane. 1989. “Reconsidering the Rule of Law.” Boston University Law Review 69:781–822.Google Scholar
Rajagopal, Balakrishnan. 2008. “Invoking the Rule of Law in Post-conflict Rebuilding: A Critical Examination.” William & Mary Law Review 49(4):1347–76.Google Scholar
Ratcliffe, Jerry H., Taniguchi, Travis, Groff, Elizabeth R., and Wood, Jennifer D.. 2011. “The Philadelphia Foot Patrol Experiment: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Police Patrol Effectiveness in Violent Crime Hotspots.” Criminology 49(3):795–831.Google Scholar
Rayburn, Nadine Recker, Earleywine, Mitchell, and Davison, Gerald C.. 2003. “An Investigation of Base Rates of Anti-Gay Hate Crimes Using the Unmatched-Count Technique.” Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma 6(2):137–52.Google Scholar
Raz, Joseph. 1979. The Authority of Law: Essays on Law and Morality. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Reno, William. 2008. “Bottom-Up Statebuilding?” In Building States to Build Peace, ed. Call, Charles T. and Wyeth, Vanessa. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, pp. 143–62.Google Scholar
Republic of Liberia Truth and Reconciliation Commission. 2009. Volume II: Consolidated Final Report. Monrovia: Republic of Liberia Truth and Reconciliation Commission.Google Scholar
Roby, Christin. 2018. “UNMIL Provides Lessons on What Makes a Successful Peacekeeping Mission.” Devex, April 5. www.devex.com/news/unmil-provides-lessons-on-what-makes-a-successful-peacekeeping-mission-92477Google Scholar
Rodriguez, Daniel B., McCubbins, Matthew D., and Weingast, Barry R.. 2009. “The Rule of Law Unplugged.” Emory Law Journal 59:1455–94.Google Scholar
Rubin, Barnett R. 2008. “The Politics of Security in Postconflict Statebuilding.” In Building States to Build Peace, ed. Call, Charles T. and Wyeth, Vanessa. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, pp. 25–47.Google Scholar
Ruggeri, Andrea, Dorussen, Han, and Gizelis, Theodora-Ismene. 2017. “Winning the Peace Locally: UN Peacekeeping and Local Conflict.” International Organization 71(1):163–85.Google Scholar
Ruggeri, Andrea, Dorussen, Han, and Gizelis, Theodora-Ismene. 2018. “On the Frontline Every Day? Subnational Deployment of United Nations Peacekeepers.” British Journal of Political Science 48(4):1005–25.Google Scholar
Ruggeri, Andrea, Gizelis, Theodora-Ismene, and Dorussen, Han. 2011. “Events Data As Bismarck’s Sausages? Intercoder Reliability, Coders’ Selection, and Data Quality.” International Interactions 37(3):340–61.Google Scholar
Ruggeri, Andrea, Gizelis, Theodora-Ismene, and Dorussen, Han. 2012. “Managing Mistrust: An Analysis of Cooperation with UN Peacekeeping in Africa.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 57(3):387–409.Google Scholar
Rupesinghe, Natasja. 2016. “How Can Peacekeepers Strengthen Their Engagement with Local Communities? Opportunities and Challenges in the Field.” NUPI Policy Brief No. 30.Google Scholar
Rusinko, William T., Johnson, Knowlton W., and Hornung, Carlton A.. 1978. “The Importance of Police Contact in the Formulation of Youths’ Attitudes toward Police.” Journal of Criminal Justice 6(1):53–67.Google Scholar
Sacks, Audrey. 2012. “Can Donors and Nonstate Actors Undermine Citizens’ Legitimating Beliefs?” World Bank Poverty Reduction and Economic Management (PREM) Network Working Paper No. 95. http://siteresources.worldbank.org/EXTPREMNET/Resources/EP95.pdfGoogle Scholar
Sahin, Nusret, Braga, Anthony A., Apel, Robert, and Brunson, Rod K.. 2017. “The Impact of Procedurally-Just Policing on Citizen Perceptions of Police During Traffic Stops: The Adana Randomized Controlled Trial.” Journal of Quantitative Criminology 33(4):701–26.Google Scholar
Salvatore, Jessica Di. 2019. “Peacekeepers against Criminal Violence – Unintended Effects of Peacekeeping Operations?” American Journal of Political Science 63(4):840–58.Google Scholar
Sambanis, Nicholas. 2008. “Short- and Long-Term Effects of United Nations Peace Operations.” The World Bank Economic Review 22(1):9–32.Google Scholar
Samii, Cyrus. 2013. “Perils or Promise of Ethnic Integration? Evidence from a Hard Case in Burundi.” American Political Science Review 107(03):558–73.Google Scholar
Sannerholm, Richard Zajac, Möller, Frida, Simion, Kristina, and Hallonsten, Hanna. 2012. UN Peace Operations and Rule of Law Assistance in Africa 1989–2010: Data, Patterns and Questions for the Future. Stockholm: Folke Bernadotte Academy.Google Scholar
Sawyer, Amos. 2004. “Violent Conflicts and Governance Challenges in West Africa: The Case of the Mano River Basin Area.” The Journal of Modern African Studies 42(03):437–63.Google Scholar
Sawyer, Amos. 2005a. Beyond Plunder: Toward Democratic Governance in Liberia. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner.Google Scholar
Sawyer, Amos. 2005b. “Social Capital, Survival Strategies, and Their Potential for Post-conflict Governance in Liberia.” UNU-Wider Research Paper No. 2005/15. www.wider.unu.edu/publication/social-capital-survival-strategies-and-their-potential-post-conflict-governance-liberiaGoogle Scholar
Scott, James C. 2010. The Art of Not Being Governed: An Anarchist History of Upland Southeast Asia. New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Shapiro, Scott J. 2009. “What Is the Rule of Recognition (and Does It Exist)?” Yale Law School Public Law & Legal Theory Research Paper No. 181. https://law.yale.edu/sites/default/files/documents/pdf/Faculty/Shapiro_Rule_of_Regulation.pdfGoogle Scholar
Shapiro, Scott J. 2013. Legality. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press.Google Scholar
Sherman, Lawrence W. and Weisburd, David. 1995. “General Deterrent Effects of Police Patrol in Crime ‘Hot Spots:’ A Randomized, Controlled Trial.” Justice Quarterly 12(4):625–48.Google Scholar
Shklar, Judith N. 1998. “Political Theory and the Rule of Law.” In Political Thought & Political Thinkers, ed. Stanley Hoffman. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, pp. 21–38.Google Scholar
Siddiqi, Bilal and Sandefur, Justin. 2009. Appendix: Community-Based Justice and the Rule of Law in Liberia. Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace.Google Scholar
Sieder, Rachel. 2001 . Rethinking Citizenship: Reforming the Law in Postwar Guatemala. In States of Imagination: Ethnographic Explorations of the Postcolonial State, ed. Thomas Blom Hansen and Finn Stepputat. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, pp. 203–21.Google Scholar
Simmons, Beth A., Lloyd, Paulette, and Stewart, Brandon M.. 2018. “The Global Diffusion of Law: Transnational Crime and the Case of Human Trafficking.” International Organization 72(2):249–81.Google Scholar
Sisk, Timothy and Risley, Paul. 2005. Democracy and Peacebuilding at the Local Level: Lessons Learned. Stockholm: International Institute for Democracy and Election Assistance (IDEA) Programme in Democracy and Conflict Management. Working Draft.Google Scholar
Sitaraman, Ganesh. 2012. The Counterinsurgent’s Constitution: Law in the Age of Small Wars. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Skogan, Wesley G. 2006. “Asymmetry in the Impact of Encounters with Police.” Policing and Society 16(2):99–126.Google Scholar
Smidt, Hannah. 2016. “Beyond Deploying Troops: What UN Peacekeeping Operations Do on the Ground during Elections Times.” Working Paper.Google Scholar
Smidt, Hannah M. 2020. “United Nations Peacekeeping Locally: Enabling Conflict Resolution, Reducing Communal Violence.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 64(2–3): 344-72Google Scholar
Smith, David. 2010. “Ivory Coast: Death Squads on the Rise As Civil War Looms.” The Guardian, December 22. www.theguardian.com/world/2010/dec/22/ivory-coast-death-squadsGoogle Scholar
Smith, David. 2011. “Ivory Coast: UN’s Intervention Broke the Impasse.”The Guardian, April 5. www.theguardian.com/world/2011/apr/05/ivory-coast-un-interventionGoogle Scholar
Smith-Höhn, Judy. 2010. Rebuilding the Security Sector in Post-conflict Societies: Perceptions from Urban Liberia and Sierra Leone. Zurich: Lit Verlag and Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces (DCAF).Google Scholar
Sovey, Allison J. and Green, Donald P.. 2011. “Instrumental Variables Estimation in Political Science: A Readers’ Guide.” American Journal of Political Science 55(1):188–200.Google Scholar
Staniland, Paul. 2012. “States, Insurgents, and Wartime Political Orders.” Perspectives on Politics 10(2):243–64.Google Scholar
Stanley, William and Loosle, Robert. 1998. “El Salvador: The Civilian Police Component of Peace Operations.” In Policing the New World Disorder: Peace Operations and Public Security, ed. Dziedzic, Michael J., Goldberg, Eliot M., and Oakley, Robert B.. Washington, DC: National Defense University Press, pp. 103–42.Google Scholar
Statement by Her Excellency Mrs. Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, President of Liberia. 2017. New York: UN General Assembly. Seventy-Second Regular Session, September 19.Google Scholar
Stedman, Stephen John, Rothchild, Donald, and Cousens, Elizabeth M., eds. 2002. Ending Civil Wars: The Implementation of Peace Agreements. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner.Google Scholar
Steinert, Janina Isabel and Grimm, Sonja. 2015. “Too Good to Be True? United Nations Peacebuilding and the Democratization of War-Torn States.” Conflict Management and Peace Science 32(5):513–35.Google Scholar
Stromseth, Jane, Wippman, David, and Brooks, Rosa. 2006. Can Might Make Rights?: Building the Rule of Law after Military Interventions. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Suhrke, Astri. 2009. “The Dangers of a Tight Embrace: Externally Assisted Statebuilding in Afghanistan.” In The Dilemmas of Statebuilding: Confronting the Contradictions of Postwar Peace Operations, ed. Paris, Roland and Sisk, Timothy D.. London: Routledge, pp. 227–51.Google Scholar
Sunshine, Jason and Tyler, Tom R.. 2003. “The Role of Procedural Justice and Legitimacy in Shaping Public Support for Policing.” Law & Society Review 37(3):513–48.Google Scholar
Svensson, Jakob. 2000. “Foreign Aid and Rent-Seeking.” Journal of International Economics 51(2):437–61.Google Scholar
Szasz, Paul C. 1994. “Creating the Namibian Constitution.” Verfassung und Recht in Übersee / Law and Politics in Africa, Asia and Latin America 27(3):346–57.Google Scholar
Talentino, Andrea Kathryn. 2007. “Perceptions of Peacebuilding: The Dynamic of Imposer and Imposed Upon.” International Studies Perspectives 8(2):152–71.Google Scholar
Tamanaha, Brian Z. 2004. On the Rule of Law: History, Politics, Theory. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Tamanaha, Brian Z. 2008. “Understanding Legal Pluralism: Past to Present, Local to Global.” Sydney Law Review 30:375–411.Google Scholar
Tansey, Oisín. 2009. Regime-Building: Democratization and International Administration. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Tilly, Charles, ed. 1975. The Formation of National States in Western Europe. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Topka, Alaric and Saryee, Dan. 2009. “Popular Opinions on Democracy in Liberia, 2008.” Afrobarometer Briefing Paper No. 122. https://afrobarometer.org/publications/bp73-popular-opinions-democracy-liberia-2008Google Scholar
Tourangeau, Roger and Yan, Ting. 2007. “Sensitive Questions in Surveys.” Psychological Bulletin 133(5):859–83.Google Scholar
Trenkov-Wermuth, Calin. 2010. United Nations Justice: Legal and Judicial Reform in Governance Operations. Tokyo: UN University Press.Google Scholar
Tyler, Tom R. 2004. “Enhancing Police Legitimacy.” The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 593(1):84–99.Google Scholar
Tyler, Tom R. 2006. Why People Obey the Law. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Tyler, Tom R. and Fagan, Jeffrey. 2008. “Legitimacy and Cooperation: Why Do People Help the Police Fight Crime in Their Communities?” Ohio State Journal of Criminal Law 6:231–75.Google Scholar
Tyler, Tom R. and Huo, Yuen J.. 2002. Trust in the Law: Encouraging Public Cooperation with the Police and Courts. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.Google Scholar
Ubink, Janine, ed. 2011. Customary Justice: Perspectives on Legal Empowerment. Rome: International Development Law Organization.Google Scholar
UN Criminal Law and Judicial Advisory Service. 2013. Report to the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations: DPKO Support for Strengthening Legal, Judicial and Prison Systems. New York: UN Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations.Google Scholar
UN Criminal Law and Judicial Advisory Service. 2016. DPKO Support for Strengthening Justice and Corrections Systems. New York: UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations. Non-paper.Google Scholar
UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations. 2009. Corrections Update. New York: United Nations. Volume 1, October.Google Scholar
UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations. 2010a. Corrections Update. New York: United Nations. Volume 2, October.Google Scholar
UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations. 2010b. Justice Update. NewYork: United Nations. Volume 1, April.Google Scholar
UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations. 2011a. Corrections Update. New York: United Nations. Volume 3, September.Google Scholar
UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations. 2011b. Justice Update. NewYork: United Nations. Volume 2, May.Google Scholar
UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations. 2012a. Justice Review. NewYork: United Nations. Volume 3, June.Google Scholar
UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations. 2012b. The United Nations SSR Perspective. New York: United Nations.Google Scholar
UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations. 2013. UN Police Magazine. New York: United Nations. 11th ed. July.Google Scholar
UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations. 2014a. Justice & Corrections Update. New York: United Nations.Google Scholar
UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations. 2014b. Justice & Corrections Update. New York: United Nations. December.Google Scholar
UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations. 2015a. Justice & Corrections Update. New York: United Nations. Issue 3, December.Google Scholar
UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations. 2015b. Justice & Corrections Update. New York: United Nations. Issue 2, April.Google Scholar
UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations. 2018. Justice & Corrections Update. New York: United Nations. Issue 6, June.Google Scholar
UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations and UN Department of Field Support. 2014. DPKO/DFS Policy on United Nations Police in Peacekeeping Operations and Special Political Missions. New York: United Nations.Google Scholar
UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations and UN High Commissioner for Human Rights. 2011. The United Nations Rule of Law Indicators: Implementation Guide and Project Tools. New York: United Nations.Google Scholar
UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations Policy and Best Practices Service. 2012. United Nations Department of Peacekeeping Operations and Department of Field Support Civil Affairs Handbook. New York: United Nations.Google Scholar
UN Meetings Coverage. 2018. “As Mission in Liberia Closes, Security Council Intends to Consider Best Practices in Ongoing Efforts to Enhance Effectiveness of Peacekeeping.” United Nations Meetings Coverage and Press Releases, April 19. www.un.org/press/en/2018/sc13308.doc.htmGoogle Scholar
UN Mission in Liberia. 2006. Human Rights in Liberia’s Rubber Plantations: Tapping into the Future. Monrovia: UN Mission in Liberia.Google Scholar
UN Office of Internal Oversight Services. 2014. Evaluation of the Implementation and Results of Protection of Civilians Mandates in United Nations Peacekeeping Operations. New York: UN General Assembly. A/68/787.Google Scholar
UN Peacekeeping Best Practices Section. 2008. United Nations Peacekeeping Operations: Principles and Guidelines. New York: United Nations.Google Scholar
UN Secretary-General. 1992. An Agenda for Peace: Preventive Diplomacy, Peacemaking and Peace-Keeping. Report of the Secretary-General Pursuant to the Statement Adopted by the Summit Meeting of the Security Council on 31 January 1992. New York: UN Security Council. A/47/277-S/24111.Google Scholar
UN Secretary-General. 2003. First Progress Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Mission in Liberia. New York: UN Security Council. S/2003/1175.Google Scholar
UN Secretary-General. 2004a. Fifth Progress Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Mission in Liberia. New York: UN Security Council. S/2004/972.Google Scholar
UN Secretary-General. 2004b. Fourth Progress Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Mission in Liberia. New York: UN Security Council. S/2004/725.Google Scholar
UN Secretary-General. 2004c. The Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post-conflict Societies. New York: UN Security Council. S/2004/616*.Google Scholar
UN Secretary-General. 2004d. Second Progress Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Mission in Liberia. New York: UN Security Council. S/2004/229.Google Scholar
UN Secretary-General. 2004e. Third Progress Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Mission in Liberia. New York: UN Security Council. S/2004/430.Google Scholar
UN Secretary-General. 2005a. Eighth Progress Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Mission in Liberia. New York: UN Security Council. S/2005/560.Google Scholar
UN Secretary-General. 2005b. Ninth Progress Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Mission in Liberia. New York: UN Security Council. S/2005/764.Google Scholar
UN Secretary-General. 2005c. Sixth Progress Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Mission in Liberia. New York: UN Security Council. S/2005/177.Google Scholar
UN Secretary-General. 2006a. Eleventh Progress Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Mission in Liberia. New York: UN Security Council. S/2006/376.Google Scholar
UN Secretary-General. 2006b. Performance Report on the Budget of the United Nations Mission in Liberia for the Period from 1 July 2004 to 30 June 2005. New York: UN General Assembly. A/60/645.Google Scholar
UN Secretary-General. 2006c. Thirteenth Progress Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Mission in Liberia. New York: UN Security Council. S/2006/958.Google Scholar
UN Secretary-General. 2006d. Twelfth Progress Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Mission in Liberia. New York: UN Security Council. S/2006/743.Google Scholar
UN Secretary-General. 2007a. Fifteenth Progress Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Mission in Liberia. New York: UN Security Council. S/2007/479.Google Scholar
UN Secretary-General. 2007b. Fourteenth Progress Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Mission in Liberia. New York: UN Security Council. S/2007/151.Google Scholar
UN Secretary-General. 2007c. Fourteenth Progress Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Operation in Côte d’Ivoire. New York: UN Security Council. S/2007/593.Google Scholar
UN Secretary-General. 2008a. Fifteenth Progress Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Operation in Côte d’Ivoire. New York: UN Security Council. S/2008/1.Google Scholar
UN Secretary-General. 2008b. Guidance Note of the Secretary-General: UN Approach to Rule of Law Assistance. New York: UN Secretary General.Google Scholar
UN Secretary-General. 2008c. Performance Report on the Budget of the United Nations Mission in Liberia for the Period from 1 July 2006 to 30 June 2007. New York: UN General Assembly. A/62/648.Google Scholar
UN Secretary-General. 2008d. Performance Report on the Budget of the United Nations Mission in Liberia for the Period from 1 July 2007 to 30 June 2008. New York: UN General Assembly. A/63/588.Google Scholar
UN Secretary-General. 2008e. Sixteenth Progress Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Mission in Liberia. New York: UN Security Council. S/2008/183.Google Scholar
UN Secretary-General. 2009. Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic and Chad. New York: UN Security Council. S/2009/359.Google Scholar
UN Secretary-General. 2010a. Twentieth Progress Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Mission in Liberia. New York: UN Security Council. S/2010/88.Google Scholar
UN Secretary-General. 2010b. Twenty-First Progress Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Mission in Liberia. New York: UN Security Council. S/2010/429.Google Scholar
UN Secretary-General. 2011a. Budget Performance of the United Nations Mission in Liberia for the Period from 1 July 2010 to 30 June 2011. New York: UN General Assembly. A/66/602.Google Scholar
UN Secretary-General. 2011b. Report of the Secretary-General on the African Union United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur. New York: UN Security Council. S/2011/643.Google Scholar
UN Secretary-General. 2011c. Twenty-Fifth Progress Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Mission in Liberia. New York: UN Security Council. S/2011/72**.Google Scholar
UN Secretary-General. 2012a. Budget Performance of the United Nations Mission in Liberia for the Period from 1 July 2011 to 30 June 2012. New York: UN General Assembly. A/67/609.Google Scholar
UN Secretary-General. 2012b. Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. New York: UN Security Council. S/2012/65.Google Scholar
UN Secretary-General. 2012c. Special Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Mission in Liberia. New York: UN Security Council. S/2012/230.Google Scholar
UN Secretary-General. 2012d. Twenty-Fifth Progress Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Mission in Liberia. New York: UN Security Council. S/2013/124**.Google Scholar
UN Secretary-General. 2012e. Twenty-Fourth Progress Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Mission in Liberia. New York: UN Security Council. S/2012/641.Google Scholar
UN Secretary-General. 2014a. Thirty-Fifth Progress Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Operation in Côte d’Ivoire. New York: UN Security Council. S/2014/892.Google Scholar
UN Secretary-General. 2014b. Twenty-Eighth Progress Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Mission in Liberia. New York: UN Security Council. S/2014/598.Google Scholar
UN Secretary-General. 2014c. Twenty-Seventh Progress Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Mission in Liberia. New York: UN Security Council. S/2014/123.Google Scholar
UN Secretary-General. 2015a. Budget Performance of the United Nations Mission in Liberia for the Period from 1 July 2014 to 30 June 2015. New York: UN General Assembly. A/70/595.Google Scholar
UN Secretary-General. 2015b. Report of the Secretary-General on South Sudan. New York: UN Security Council. S/2015/118.Google Scholar
UN Secretary-General. 2016. Budget Performance of the United Nations Mission in Liberia for the Period from 1 July 2015 to 30 June 2016. New York: UN General Assembly. A/71/645.Google Scholar
UN Secretary-General. 2017. Budget Performance of the United Nations Mission in Liberia for the Period from 1 July 2016 to 30 June 2017. New York: UN General Assembly. A/72/640.Google Scholar
UN Secretary-General’s Advisory Group of Experts. 2015. The Challenge of Sustaining Peace: Report of the Advisory Group of Experts for the 2015 Review of the United Nations Peacebuilding Architecture. New York: UN Security Council and General Assembly.Google Scholar
UN Security Council. 1996. Resolution 1040. New York: United Nations. S/RES/1040.Google Scholar
UN Security Council. 2000. Report of the Panel on United Nations Peace Operations (Brahimi Report). New York: United Nations. A/55/305-S/2000/809.Google Scholar
UN Security Council. 2007a. Resolution 1739. New York: United Nations. S/RES/1739.Google Scholar
UN Security Council. 2007b. Resolution 1778. New York: United Nations. S/RES/1778.Google Scholar
UN Security Council. 2009. Resolution 1906. New York: United Nations. S/RES/1906.Google Scholar
UN Security Council. 2011a. Resolution 1996. New York: United Nations. S/RES/1996.Google Scholar
UN Security Council. 2011b. Resolution 2000. New York: United Nations. S/RES/2000.Google Scholar
UN Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations. 2015. Report of the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations. New York: United Nations. A/69/19.Google Scholar
UNOCI News. 2013. “UNOCI Educates Dozos on the Values of Peace.” UNOCI News, November 14. https://onuci.unmissions.org/en/unoci-educates-dozos-values-peaceGoogle Scholar
US Embassy in Liberia. 2017. “US Embassy Statement on Liberia’s Electoral Process.” November 15. https://lr.usembassy.gov/u-s-embassy-statement-liberias-electoral-process/Google Scholar
Veit, Alex. 2011. Intervention As Indirect Rule: Civil War and Statebuilding in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Frankfurt: Campus Verlag.Google Scholar
Véron, René, Williams, Glyn, Corbridge, Stuart, and Srivastava, Manoj. 2006. “Decentralized Corruption or Corrupt Decentralization? Community Monitoring of Poverty-Alleviation Schemes in Eastern India.” World Development 34(11):1922–41.Google Scholar
Vinck, Patrick, Pham, Phuong, and Kreutzer, Tino. 2011. Talking Peace: A Population-Based Survey on Attitudes about Security, Dispute Resolution, and Post-conflict Reconstruction in Liberia. Berkeley: University of California, Berkeley Human Rights Center.Google Scholar
Waldron, Jeremy. 2002. “Is the Rule of Law an Essentially Contested Concept (in Florida)?” Law and Philosophy 21(2):137–64.Google Scholar
Waldron, Jeremy. 2008. “The Concept and the Rule of Law.” Georgia Law Review 43:91–123.Google Scholar
Walter, Barbara F. 1997. “The Critical Barrier to Civil War Settlement.” International Organization 51(3):335–64.Google Scholar
Weedee, Emmanuel. 2013. “CDC Engages Police Over Mulbah Morlu’s Arrest.” Heritage, October 13. https://allafrica.com/stories/201310100982.htmlGoogle Scholar
Weinstein, Jeremy M. 2005. “Autonomous Recovery and International Intervention in Comparative Perspective.” Center for Global Development Working Paper Number 57. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1114117Google Scholar
Weisburd, David and Green, Lorraine. 1995. “Policing Drug Hot Spots: The Jersey City Drug Market Analysis Experiment.” Justice Quarterly 12(4):711–35.Google Scholar
Whalan, Jeni. 2014. How Peace Operations Work: Power, Legitimacy, and Effectiveness. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Wickham-Crowley, Timothy P. 1987. “The Rise (and Sometimes Fall) of Guerrilla Governments in Latin America.” Sociological Forum 2(3):473–99.Google Scholar
Wilson, James Q. 1978. Varieties of Police Behavior: The Management of Law and Order in Eight Communities, with a New Preface by the Author. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Witt, Howard. 1990. “American Refusal to Intervene in Liberia Draws Condemnation.” Chicago Tribune, August 16.Google Scholar
Woollacott, Martin. 2003. “America Helped Ruin Liberia. Now It Must Help Repair It.” The Guardian, July 31.Google Scholar
The World Bank. 2011. World Development Report 2011: Conflict, Security, and Development. Washington, DC: The World Bank.Google Scholar
World Bank Group and United Nations. 2018. Pathways for Peace: Inclusive Approaches to Preventing Violent Conflict. Washington, DC: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the World Bank.Google Scholar
Zack-Williams, Alfred B. 2002. “Sierra Leone after the End of the Armed Conflict.” Cadernos de Estudos Africanos 2:57–75.Google Scholar
Zartman, I. William. 1995a. “Introduction: Posing the Problem of State Collapse.” In Collapsed States: The Disintegration and Restoration of Legitimate Authority, ed. William Zartman, I.. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, pp. 1–11.Google Scholar
Zartman, I. William. 1995b. “Putting Things Back Together.” In Collapsed States: The Disintegration and Restoration of Legitimate Authority, ed. William Zartman, I.. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, pp. 267–73.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure no-reply@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

  • Bibliography
  • Robert A. Blair, Brown University, Rhode Island
  • Book: Peacekeeping, Policing, and the Rule of Law after Civil War
  • Online publication: 09 November 2020
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108891912.011
Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

  • Bibliography
  • Robert A. Blair, Brown University, Rhode Island
  • Book: Peacekeeping, Policing, and the Rule of Law after Civil War
  • Online publication: 09 November 2020
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108891912.011
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • Bibliography
  • Robert A. Blair, Brown University, Rhode Island
  • Book: Peacekeeping, Policing, and the Rule of Law after Civil War
  • Online publication: 09 November 2020
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108891912.011
Available formats
×