Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-t5tsf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T11:06:34.905Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

13 - Building on Sand? Criminal Markets and Politics in Tamil Nadu

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 September 2020

Ajay Gandhi
Affiliation:
Universiteit Leiden
Barbara Harriss-White
Affiliation:
University of Oxford
Douglas E. Haynes
Affiliation:
Dartmouth College, New Hampshire
Sebastian Schwecke
Affiliation:
Indian Institute of Management, Calcutta
Get access

Summary

For the Comaroffs criminality has become a global idiom for social and economic life. Here, eleven case studies of criminal markets in India (Harriss-White and Michelutti, 2019) are found to support the Comaroffs’ global model in which state privatization generates contested jurisdictions and plural sovereignties. But distinctively Indian characteristics of criminal markets are also found. As suggested by Jha, these are preconditions for the funding of electoral democratic politics. The recent history of riverbed sand markets in Tamil Nadu on which urbanization and infrastructure depend reveals the capture and complicity of all levels of the revenue and regulative bureaucracy and of entire party political hierarchies. Profits and tribute resulting from rapid technological aggrandizement, the formation of regional monopolies, and of mafianized cartels in sand are the object of both competition and collusion. Resistance expressed through PIL results in un-enforced judicial decisions. Tamil Nadu’s famed populism coexists with predatory, pork barrel politics. The implications of criminalized sand markets for theories of actually existing markets and institutional change are discussed.

Type
Chapter
Information
Rethinking Markets in Modern India
Embedded Exchange and Contested Jurisdiction
, pp. 343 - 364
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2020

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bardhan, P & Mookherjee, D 2007, “Decentralisation, Corruption and Government Accountability,” in Rose-Ackerman, S (ed.) International Handbook on the Economics of Corruption, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, pp. 161–88.Google Scholar
Basile, E & Harriss-White, B 2010, “India’s Informal Capitalism and Its Regulation,” International Review of Sociology (Special Issue), 20, 3: 457–71.Google Scholar
Bhatia, J 2019, “Crime in the Air: Spectrum Markets and the Telecommunications Sector in India,” in Harriss-White, B & Michelutti, L (eds.) The Wild East? Criminal Political Economies across South Asia, UCL Press, London, pp. 140–67.Google Scholar
Braudel, F 1974, Capitalism and Material Life, 1400–1800, Harper & Row, London.Google Scholar
CHPI 2017, No Safety Without Liability: Reforming Private Hospitals in England after the Ian Paterson Scandal (https://chpi.org.uk/papers/reports/no-safety-without-liability-reforming-private-hospitals-england-ian-paterson-scandal/. Accessed September 22, 2019).Google Scholar
Comaroff, J & Comaroff, JL 2016, The Truth about Crime: Sovereignty, Knowledge, Social Order, University of Chicago Press, Chicago.Google Scholar
Comaroff, J & Comaroff, JL 2018, “Crime, Sovereignty and the State, Lecture,” May 31, 2018, St. Antony’s College, Oxford.Google Scholar
Flyvbjerg, B 2006, “Five Misunderstandings about Case-Study Research,” Qualitative Inquiry, 12, 2: 219–45.Google Scholar
Gadgil, M (Chair) 2011, “Report of the Western Ghats Ecology Expert Panel,” Ministry of Environment and Forests, New Delhi, GoI (www.moef.nic.in/downloads/public-information/wg-23052012.pdf).Google Scholar
Gupta, S 2019, “Jharia’s Century-Old Fire Kept Ablaze by Crime and Politics,” in Harriss-White, B & Michelutti, L (eds.) The Wild East? Criminal Political Economies across South Asia, UCL Press, London, pp. 891.Google Scholar
Harriss-White, B 2003, India Working: Essays in Economy and Society, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Harriss-White, B 2019, “Epilogue,” in Harriss-White, B & Michelutti, L (eds.) The Wild East? Criminal Political Economies across South Asia, UCL Press, London, pp. 322–51.Google Scholar
Harriss-White, B & Michelutti, L (eds.) 2019a, The Wild East? Criminal Political Economies across South Asia, UCL Press, London.Google Scholar
Harriss-White, B & Michelutti, L 2019b, “Introduction,” in Harriss-White, B & Michelutti, L (eds.) The Wild East? Criminal Political Economies across South Asia, UCL Press, London, pp. 134.Google Scholar
Ilangovan, R 2015, “The Mother of all Loot,” Frontline, 32, 14.Google Scholar
Jeyaranjan, J 2019, “Sand and the Politics of Plunder in Tamil Nadu, India,” in Harriss-White, B & Michelutti, L (eds.) The Wild East? Criminal Political Economies across South Asia, UCL Press, London, pp. 92114.Google Scholar
Jha, PS 2013, How Did India Become a Predatory State? Unpublished.Google Scholar
Jodha, NS 1990, “Rural Common Property Resources, Contributions and Crisis,” Economic and Political Weekly, Review of Agriculture, June: A65A78.Google Scholar
Kar, D 2010, The Drivers and Dynamics of Illicit Financial Flows from India 1948–2008, Global Financial Integrity, Washington.Google Scholar
Leys, C 2001, Market-Driven Politics: Neoliberal Democracy and the Public Interest, Verso, London.Google Scholar
Marx, K 1887, “Capital, a Critique of Political Economy,” The Process of Production of Capital, 1, chapter 31 (www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/download/pdf/Capital-Volume-I.pdf. Accessed May 28, 2012).Google Scholar
Michelutti, L 2019, “The Inter-State Criminal Life of Sand and Oil in North India, Western Uttar Pradesh,” in Harriss-White, B & Michelutti, L (eds.) The Wild East? Criminal Political Economies across South Asia, UCL Press, London, chapter 6.Google Scholar
Mishra, D 2019, “Himalayan ‘Hydro-criminality’: Dams, Development and Politics in Arunachal Pradesh, India,” in Harriss-White, B & Michelutti, L (eds.) The Wild East? Criminal Political Economies across South Asia, UCL Press, London, pp. 115–39.Google Scholar
Perelman, M 2001, The Invention of Capitalism: Classical Political Economy and the Secret History of Primitive Accumulation, Duke University Press, Durham.Google Scholar
Picherit, D 2019, “Red Sanders Mafia in South India: Violence, Electoral Democracy and Labour,” in Harriss-White, B & Michelutti, L (eds.) The Wild East? Criminal Political Economies across South Asia, UCL Press, London, pp. 194214.Google Scholar
Rege, A 2016, “Not Biting the Dust: Using a Tripartite Model of Organized Crime to Examine India’s Sand Mafia,” International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice, 40, 2: 101–21.Google Scholar
Ruud, A 2019, “The Politics of Contracting in Provincial Bangladesh,” in Harriss-White, B & Michelutti, L (eds.) The Wild East? Criminal Political Economies across South Asia, UCL Press, London, pp. 262–87.Google Scholar
Singh, N & Harriss-White, B 2019, “The Criminal Economics and Politics of Black Coal in Jharkhand, 2014,” in Harriss-White, B & Michelutti, L (eds.) The Wild East? Criminal Political Economies across South Asia, UCL Press, London, pp. 3567.Google Scholar
Subbramanian, L 2017, “The Hunt for Amma’s Assets,” The Week, June 4.Google Scholar
Vaishnav, M 2017, When Crime Pays: Money and Muscle in Indian Politics, HarperCollins, New Delhi.Google Scholar
Wielenga, Dietrich K 2019, “The Emergence of the Informal Sector: Labour, Legislation and Politics in South India, 1940–1960,” Modern Asian Studies, published online by Cambridge University Press September 11, 2019, pp. 136.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×