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Féodalites maritimes : le Japon médieval et la mer (XIe–XVIe siècles)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 May 2017

Guillaume Carré
Affiliation:
Director of the Research Center on Japan, école des Hautes études en Sciences Sociales, Paris, France
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Summary

RÉSUMÉ. Du VIIIe au XIIe siècle, de dépit de l'importance des populations littorales pour l'économie de l'archipel, la mer n'a guère d'intérêt pour la cour du Yamato. Les voies maritimes internes sont utilisées pour la circulation des prélèvements dans le cadre du système féodal. Le Japon accueille ensuite des marchands chinois qui font la prospérité du port de Hakata. Des ligues guerrières organisent la piraterie dans la « mer Intérieure ». Avec les Ming, le Japon s'insère dans le système du commerce tributaire, le shogunat distribuant des licences de navigation.

ABSTRACT. From the 8th to 12th centuries, the Yamato court was not particularly interested in the sea, in spite of the importance of coastal populations in the economy of the archipelago. The internal seaways were used for collecting levies within the framework of the feudal system. Japan welcomed the Chinese merchants who ensured the prosperity of the port of Hakata. Warrior leagues organized piracy in the Inland Sea. With the Ming dynasty, Japan found its place within the commercial system of tributes and the shogunate distributed navigation licenses.

OMNIPRESENCE ET LACUNES

Archipel isolé du continent asiatique après la fin de la dernière glaciation, le Japon, depuis le néolithique, a nécessairement reçu par des voies maritimes les apports de population et culturels qui l'ont progressivement façonné. Les fouilles archéologiques ont mis en évidence la grande proximité de la culture matérielle entre le nord de Kyûshû et le sud de la péninsule coréenne à partir de l'âge du bronze, et il ne fait aucun doute que le détroit séparant les deux pays constitua le vecteur privilégié pour la transmission des apports de civilisation depuis le continent du IIIe siècle avant JC jusqu'au VIIe siècle après JC.

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Publisher: Boydell & Brewer
Print publication year: 2017

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