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A Midsummer Night’s Dream: Comedy as Apotrope of Myth

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 March 2007

Peter Holland
Affiliation:
Shakespeare Institute, University of Birmingham
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Summary

Hippolyta, I wooed thee with my sword

And won thy love doing thee injuries.

But I will wed thee in another key - With pomp, with triumph, and with revelling.

(1.1.16-19)

Thus Theseus, benignly, to Hippolyta in the opening scene of A Midsummer Night's Dream. Everyone watching, in 1595 or 1596, would have known that the speaker was an important personage. He enters, splendidly dressed (we may be certain) and, according to the Folio stage direction, 'with others' (rightly interpreted by Theobald as implying a train of attendants). His speech contrives, within a small compass, to be stately. It at once receives from Egeus, a kind of underlining, a graceful, articulate equivalent of loyal (servile?) applause: 'Happy be Theseus, our renowned Duke.' Now we are clearly aware of the exact social status of Theseus, which is of course very high. The cadence of Egeus' words anticipates that of the courtier Amiens in As You Like it, 'Happy is your grace', after Duke Senior's similarly stately (if deeply implausible) speech on the merits of the simple life, although, interestingly, Amiens' 'happy' carries, as Egeus' 'happy' does not, a connotation of stylistic felicity. Theseus, then, is a grand fellow of whom we should all take notice. Do we know anything else? Do we know - to put the question more precisely - who he is?

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Shakespeare Survey
An Annual Survey of Shakespeare Studies and Production
, pp. 49 - 59
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2000

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