Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-4rdpn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-13T00:58:28.678Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Section 1 - Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights, Public Health Aspects and Prevention in Sexual and Reproductive Healthcare

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 January 2024

Edited by
Johannes Bitzer  and
Tahir A. Mahmood
Johannes Bitzer
Affiliation:
University Women's Hospital, Basel
Tahir A. Mahmood
Affiliation:
Victoria Hospital, Kirkcaldy
Get access

Summary

A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
Textbook of Contraception, Sexual and Reproductive Health , pp. 1 - 58
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2024

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References

World Health Organization. Integrating poverty and gender into health programmes: A sourcebook for health professionals. Module on sexual and reproductive health. Manila: WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2008. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/206996.Google Scholar
Berro Pizzarossa, L. Here to stay: The evolution of sexual and reproductive health and rights in international human rights law. Laws. 2018;7:29–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rosa, W. Transforming our world: The 2030 agenda for sustainable development. In Rosa, W (ed.), A new era in global health. New York: Springer, 2017, pp. 529–68. bit.ly/40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. World fertility and family planning 2020: Highlights. New York: United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (ST/ESA/SER.A/440), 2020.Google Scholar
Guttmacher Institute. Family planning can reduce high infant mortality levels. 2016. bit.ly/3DnfUxY.Google Scholar
Cleland, J, Conde-Agudelo, A, Peterson, H, Ross, J, Tsui, A. Contraception and health. Lancet. 2012;380(9837):149–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60609-6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. Emerging evidence, lessons and practice in comprehensive sexuality education: A global review 2015. New York: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, 2015.Google Scholar
European Expert Group on Sexuality Education. Sexuality education: What is it? Sexuality, Society and Learning. 2016;16(4):427–31 26.Google Scholar
Erdman, JN, Cook, RJ. Decriminalization of abortion: A human rights imperative. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2020;62:11–24.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Say, L, Chou, D, Gemmill, A et al. Global causes of maternal death: A WHO systematic analysis. Lancet Glob Health. 2014;2(6):e323–e333.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Haddad, LB, Nour, NM. Unsafe abortion: Unnecessary maternal mortality. Rev Obstet Gynecol. 2009;2(2):122–6.Google ScholarPubMed
World Health Organization. Trends in maternal mortality 2000 to 2017: Estimates by WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, World Bank Group and the United Nations Population Division. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2019. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.Google Scholar
Maternal Mortality. September 2021. bit.ly/3wz7Wy5.Google Scholar
World Health Organization. WHO recommendations on antenatal care for a positive pregnancy experience. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2016.Google Scholar
World Health Organization, Department of Maternal Child and Adolescent Health. WHO recommendations on postnatal care of the mother and newborn. 2013. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK190086.Google Scholar
García-Moreno, C, Pallitto, C, Devries, K et al. Global and regional estimates of violence against women: Prevalence and health effects of intimate partner violence and non-partner sexual violence. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2013.Google Scholar
Altarac, M, Strobino, D. Abuse during pregnancy and stress because of abuse during pregnancy and birthweight. J Am Med Womens Assoc 1972. 2002;57(4):208–14.Google ScholarPubMed
World Health Assembly Resolution on Female Genital Mutilation (WHA61.16). European Institute for Gender Equality. bit.ly/3HF63WY.Google Scholar
World Health Organization. Eliminating female genital mutilation. bit.ly/3JkgjVB.Google Scholar
United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund. Child marriage UNICEF data. bit.ly/3Y6QRHy.Google Scholar
Dahl, GB. Early teen marriage and future poverty. Demography. 2010;47(3):689–718. https://doi.org/10.1353/dem.0.0120.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Benedetto, C. Advocating for girls’ and women’s health and human rights. Global Library of Women’s Medicine, 2019. bit.ly/3jffvqoGoogle Scholar

References

Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights. Women’s sexual and reproductive health and rights in Europe. Strasbourg: Council of Europe, 2017.Google Scholar
World Health Organization. Action plan for sexual and reproductive health. Towards achieving the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development in Europe: Leaving no one behind. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2016.Google Scholar
Starrs, AM, Ezeh, AC, Barker, G et al. Accelerate progress: Sexual and reproductive health and rights for all. Report of the Guttmacher–Lancet Commission. Lancet. 2018;391:2642–92.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
World Health Organization and UNDP/UNFPA/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction. Sexual health and its linkages to reproductive health: An operational approach. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2017. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/258738. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.Google Scholar
Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitution al Affairs. Backlash in gender equality and women’s and girls’ rights. Brussels: European Parliament Think Tank, 2018.Google Scholar
O’Connell, C, Zampas, C. The human rights impact of gender stereotyping in the context of reproductive health care. Int J Gynecol Obstet. 2019;144:116–21.Google ScholarPubMed
United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs. Population Division. Contraceptive Use by Method 2019: Data Booklet (ST/ESA/SER.A/435). 2019.Google Scholar
United Nations. World family planning highlights. New York: United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, 2017.Google Scholar
Position paper on sexual and reproductive health and rights (Madrid declaration). European Society of Contraception and Reproductive Health. Launched in September 2019 in Madrid at the World Contraception Day event organized by the Sociedad Española de Contracepción (Spanish Society of Contraception). 2019.Google Scholar
European Parliamentary Forum. Contraception atlas. Brussels: European Parliamentary Forum on Population and Development, 2020. www.contraceptioninfo.eu.Google Scholar
Press release (Embargo: 12 November 2020, 14:00 CET). Fourth edition of Contraception Policy Atlas launched online with the European Parliament. 2020.Google Scholar
World Health Organization. WHO model lists of essential medicines. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2017. www.who.int/medicines/publications/essentialmedicines/en.Google Scholar
United Nations. World contraceptive use. New York: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division, 2018.Google Scholar
European Consortium for Emergency Contraception. Emergency contraception in Europe: Country-by-country information. Tirgu Mures: European Consortium for Emergency Contraception, 2018.Google Scholar
World Health Organization. Preventing unsafe abortion. Geneva: World Health Organization. bit.ly/3HjI4uQ.Google Scholar
Ganatra, B, Gerdts, C, Rossier, C et al. Global, regional, and subregional classification of abortions by safety, 2010–14: Estimates from a Bayesian hierarchical model. Lancet. 2017;390:2372–81.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Center for Reproductive Rights. World abortion laws map. 2022. https://maps.reproductiverights.org/worldabortionlaws.Google Scholar
Committee on Women’s Rights and Gender Equality. Draft report on the situation of sexual and reproductive health and rights in the EU, in the frame of women’s health. 5 May 2021 (2019/2165(INI)).Google Scholar
World Health Organization. Global abortion policies database. Geneva: World Health Organization. 2018. https://abortion-policies.srhr.org.Google Scholar
Rowlands, S, Thomas, K. Mandatory waiting periods before abortion and sterilization: Theory and practice.International Journal of Women’s Health. 2020;12:577–86.Google ScholarPubMed
Roberts, SCM, Turok, DK, Belusa, E et al. Do 72-hour waiting periods and two-visit requirements for abortion affect women’s certainty? A prospective cohort study. Women’s Health Issues. 2017;27(4):400–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.whi.2017.02.009.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cameron, S. Recent advances in improving the effectiveness and reducing the complications of abortion [version 1; peer review: 3 approved]. F1000Research 2018, 7(F1000 Faculty Rev):1881. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.15441.1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
European Union. Sexual and reproductive health rights and the implication of conscientious objection. Study commissioned by the Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs at the request of the FEMM Committee. Directorate General for Internal Policies of the Union, PE 604.969, October 2018. bit.ly/3HB1kW5.Google Scholar
Hanschmidt, F, Linde, K, Hilbert, A et al. Abortion stigma: A systematic review. Perspect Sex Reprod Health. 2016;48(4):169–77.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
World Health Organization. Health worker roles in providing safe abortion care and post-abortion contraception. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2015.Google Scholar
Center for Reproductive Rights. European Abortion Laws: A Comparative Overview. 2022. New York: Center for Reproductive Rights.Google Scholar

References

Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action United Nations 1995.pdf. https://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/beijing/platform/declar.htmGoogle Scholar
World Health Organization. Defining sexual health: Report of a technical consultation on sexual health, 2002. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2006.Google Scholar
Sexual health and its linkages to reproductive health. bit.ly/3HEG7KR.Google Scholar
bit.ly/3wElE2M.Google Scholar
European Society of Contraception and Reproductive Health. Position paper on sexual and reproductive health and rights (Madrid declaration). 2019. www.escrh.eu.Google Scholar
Rowland, S. After the Nairobi Summit, how can further progress in sexual and reproductive health and rights be achieved in the Eastern Europe and Central Asia region? Ezr J Contracept Reprod Health Care. 2020;25(2):95–7.Google Scholar
Mahmood, T, Bitzer, J, Nizard, J, Short, M. A joint position statement by the European Board and College of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (EBCOG) and the European Society of Contraception and Reproductive Health (ESCRH). The sexual reproductive health of women: Unfinished business in the Eastern Europe and Central Asia region. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care. 2020;25(2):87–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
World Health Organization. Global incidence and prevalence of selected curable sexually transmitted infections. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2008.Google Scholar
Strickler, RC. Factors influencing fertility. In Keye, WR Jr., Chang, RJ, Rebar, RW, Soules, MR (eds.), Infertility evaluation and treatment. Philadelphia, PA: W. B. Saunders, 1995, pp. 8–18.Google Scholar
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Fertility problems: Assessment and treatment. Clinical guideline 2013. London: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, 2013.Google Scholar
bit.ly/3HF4GaA.Google Scholar
Gipson, JD, Koenig, MA, Hindin, MJ. The effects of unintended pregnancy on infant, child, and parental health: A review of the literature. Studies in Family Planning. 2008;39(1):18–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sedgh, G, Bearak, J, Singh, S et al. Abortion incidence between 1990 and 2014: Global, regional, and subregional levels and trends.Lancet. 2016;388:258–67.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
World Health Organization. Unsafe abortion: Global and regional estimates of incidence of unsafe abortion and associated mortality in 2003. 5th edition. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2003.Google Scholar
García-Moreno, C, Pallitto, C, Devries, K et al. Global and regional estimates of violence against women: Prevalence and health effects of intimate partner violence and non-partner sexual violence. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2013.Google Scholar
bit.ly/3HkuNT3.Google Scholar
Altarac, M, Strobino, D. Abuse during pregnancy and stress because of abuse during pregnancy and birthweight. J Am Med Womens Assoc 1972. 2002;57(4):208–14.Google ScholarPubMed
World Health Assembly Resolution on Female Genital Mutilation (WHA61.16) European Institute for Gender Equality. bit.ly/3HkuNT3.Google Scholar
World Health Organization. The ICD 10 international classifications of mental and behavioral disorders. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2013.Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 5th edition. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 2013.Google Scholar
Mitchell, KR, Jones, KG, Wellings, K et al. Estimating the prevalence of sexual function problems: The impact of morbidity criteria. Journal of Sex Research. 2016;53(8):955–67.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McCabe, MP, Sharlip, ID, Lewis, R et al. Incidence and prevalence of sexual dysfunction in women and men: A consensus statement from the Fourth International Consultation on Sexual Medicine. JSM. 2015;13(2):144–52.Google Scholar
Federal Centre for Health Education and World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe. Standards for sexuality education in Europe. Cologne: Federal Centre for Health Education, 2010. bit.ly/3WHsChL.Google Scholar
United Nations Population Fund. UNFPA operational guidance for comprehensive sexuality education: A focus on human rights and gender. New York: United Nations Population Fund, 2014. bit.ly/40eIsDy.Google Scholar
Smith, A, LeVoy, M, Mahmood, T, Mercer, C. Migrant women’s health issues: Addressing barriers to access to healthcare for migrant women with irregular status. Entre Nous WHO Europe. 2016;85:18–21.Google Scholar
World Health Organization. Reproductive health indicators: Guidelines for their generation, interpretation and analysis for global monitoring. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2006.Google Scholar
World Health Organization. Technical consultation on reproductive health indicators: Geneva, 21–22 September 2005. Summary report. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2007.Google Scholar
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Reproductive health policies 2014. New York: United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, 2014.Google Scholar
Finer, N, Fine, JB. Abortion law around the world: Progress and pushback. Am J Public Health. 2013;103(4):585–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
World Health Organization. Fifty-seventh world health assembly: Geneva, 17–22 May 2004. Summary records of committees, reports of committees. 2004. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/260147.Google Scholar
United Nations Population Fund. Achieving the millennium development goals (10). 2003. www.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/MDGs_pds.pdf.Google Scholar
World Health Organization. Millennium development goals. bit.ly/40d1HgJ.Google Scholar

References

Haldre, K, Part, K, Ketting, E. Youth sexual health improvement in Estonia, 1990–2009: The role of sexuality education and youth-friendly services. Eur J Fam Plann Repr Health Care. 2012;17(5):351–62.Google ScholarPubMed
For the US Center for Sex Education, see www.sexedcenter.org.Google Scholar
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. International technical guidance on sexuality education: Volumes I & II. Paris: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, 2009. http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0018/001832/183281e.pdf.Google Scholar
Population Council/International Sexuality and HIV Curriculum Working Group. It’s all one curriculum. New York: Population Council/International Sexuality and HIV Curriculum Working Group, 2009. www.popcouncil.org/publications/books/2010_ItsAllOne.Google Scholar
Federal Centre for Health Education and World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe. Standards for sexuality education in Europe. Cologne: Federal Centre for Health Education, 2010. bit.ly/40d1HgJ.Google Scholar
United Nations Population Fund. UNFPA operational guidance for comprehensive sexuality education: A focus on human rights and gender. New York: United Nations Population Fund, 2014. bit.ly/40d1HgJ.Google Scholar
Mathematica Policy Research. Impacts of four title V, section 510 abstinence education programs: Final report. Princeton, NJ: Mathematica Policy Research, 2007.Google Scholar
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. International technical guidance on sexuality education: An evidence-informed approach. 2nd revised edition. Paris: United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization, 2018. www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/media_asset/ITGSE_en.pdf.Google Scholar
Ketting, E, Ivanova, O. Sexuality education in Europe and Central Asia: State of the art and recent developments. An overview of 25 countries. Cologne: Federal Centre for Health Education, 2018. bit.ly/3Rf6j1S.Google Scholar
World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe and Federal Centre for Health Education. Training matters: A framework for core competencies of sexuality educators. Cologne: Federal Centre for Health Education, 2017. bit.ly/3Re3OwI.Google Scholar
International Planned Parenthood Federation. Framework for comprehensive sexuality education. London: International Planned Parenthood Federation, 2006. bit.ly/3HfPE9S.Google Scholar
Federal Centre for Health Education and World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe. Standards for sexuality education in Europe: Guidance for implementation. Cologne: Federal Centre for Health Education and World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, 2013. bit.ly/3HfPE9S.Google Scholar
United Nations Population Fund. The evaluation of comprehensive sexuality education programmes. New York: United Nations Population Fund, 2015.Google Scholar
Ketting, E, Friele, M, Michielsen, K, European Expert Group on Sexuality Education. Evaluation of holistic sexuality education: A European expert group consensus agreement. Eur J Contracep Repr Health Care. 2016;21(1):68–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ketting, E, Brockschmidt, L, Ivanova, O. Investigating the “C” in CSE: Implementation and effectiveness of comprehensive sexuality education in the WHO European region. Sex Education. 2020;10:12–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/14681811.2020.1766435.Google Scholar

References

World Health Organization. Defining sexual health: Report of a technical consultation on sexual health, 2002. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2006.Google Scholar
World Health Organization. Sexual health and its linkages to reproductive health.Geneva: World Health Organization, 2006. bit.ly/40ao1aX.Google Scholar
United Nations. Programme of action: Report of the International Conference on Population and Development, Cairo. A/CONF.171/13/Rev.1. New York: United Nations Secretariat, 1994.Google Scholar
United Nations. Transforming our world: The 2030 agenda for sustainable development. A/RES/70/1. New York: United Nations, 2015. bit.ly/3DorfO9.Google Scholar
Mahmood, T, Bitzer, J, Nizard, J, Short, M, on behalf of the European Board and College of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and the European Society of Contraception and Reproductive Health. The sexual reproductive health of women: Unfinished business in the Eastern Europe and Central Asia Region. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Reproductive Biology. 2020;247:246–53.Google ScholarPubMed
Mahmood, T, Bitzer, J. Accelerating progress in sexual and reproductive health and rights in Eastern Europe and Central Asia: Reflecting on ICPD 25 Nairobi summit. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Reproductive Biology. 2020;247:254–6.Google ScholarPubMed
Beauchamp, DE, Steinbock, B. (eds.). New ethics for the public’s health. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.Google Scholar
International Planned Parenthood Federation. Sexual and reproductive health and rights: A crucial agenda for the post-2015 framework. London: International Planned Parenthood Federation, 2014. www.ippf.org/sites/default/files/report_for_web.pdf.Google Scholar
World Health Organization. Action plan for sexual and reproductive health: Towards achieving the 2030 agenda for sustainable development in Europe. Leaving no one behind. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2006. bit.ly/3HEVBOX.Google Scholar
World Health Organization. Every woman, every child: The global strategy for women’s, children’s and adolescents’ health 2016–2030. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2006.EEEC_GSUpdate_Full_EN_2017_value%20for%20money.pdf.Google Scholar
Mahmood, T, Benedetto, C. EBCOG position statement: Call for action for the prevention of unintended pregnancies by promoting wider use of long acting reversible contraceptives. November 27, 2015. bit.ly/3Y9cg2S.Google Scholar
European Board and College of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. EBCOG position paper on medical abortion. November 27, 2015. www.ebcog.org/publications/tag/medical%20abortion.Google Scholar
Cameron, S, Cooper, M, Kerr, Y, Mahmood, T. EBCOG position statement: Public health role of sexual health and relationships education. European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Reproductive Biology. 2019;234:223–4.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smith, A, Levoy, M, Mahmood, T, Mercer, C. Migrant women’s health issues: Addressing barriers to access to healthcare for migrant women with irregular status. Entre Nous WHO Europe. 2016;85:18–21.Google Scholar
World Health Organization. Classification of female genital mutilation.Geneva: World Health Organization, 1997. www.who.int.Google Scholar
Mahmood, T, Mercer, C, Tschudin, S et al. Perinatal mental health: Bridging the gaps in policy and practice. Entre Nous WHO Europe. 2016;85:22–3.Google Scholar
Aston, G, Bewley, S. Abortion and domestic violence. Obstetrician and Gynaecologist. 2009;11:163–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boycott-Garnett, R, Tattersall, J, Dunn, J. Final report: Talking about sex and relationships: The views of young people with learning disabilities. Project Report. Leeds: CHANGE, 2010.Google Scholar
Rees, M, Lambrinoudaki, I, Bitzer, J, Mahmood, T. Joint opinion paper ‘Aging and Sexuality’ by the European Board and College of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and the European Menopause and Andropause Society(EMAS). European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Reproductive Biology. 2018;220:132–4.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sex workers and sexual health: Projects responding to needs. UK Network of Sex Work Projects, 2009.Google Scholar
Department of Health. A framework for sexual health improvement in England. 2013. www.dh.gsi.gov.uk/mandate.Google Scholar
Cameron, ST, Berugoda, N, Johnstone, A, Glasier, A. Assessment of a fast track referral service for intrauterine contraception following early medical abortion. Journal of Family Planning and Reproductive Healthcare. 2012;38(3):175–8.Google ScholarPubMed
Mahmood, T, Khomasuridze, T. Improving standards of care in sexual and reproductive health in Eastern Europe and Central Asia: A joint initiative of the UNFPA EECA Region and EBCOG. Entre Nous WHO Europe. 2015;83:26–7.Google Scholar
World Health Organization. WHO report on global sexually transmitted infection surveillance. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2018. bit.ly/3jlHjcG.Google Scholar
Mahmood, T. EBCOG standards of care for women’s health in Europe: Gynaecological services. Brussels: European Board and College of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2014. www.ebcog.org.Google Scholar
McGuire, A, Hughes, D. The economics of family planning services, 1995. Long-acting reversible contraception: The effective and appropriate use of long-acting reversible contraception (CG30). London: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, 2005.Google Scholar
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. NICE impact sexual health. London: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, 2019. www.nice.org.uk.Google Scholar
World Health Organization. The WHO strategic approach to strengthening sexual and reproductive health policies and programmes. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2007. www.who.int.Google Scholar
Ketting, E, Ivanova, O. Sexuality education in Europe and central Asia: State of the art and recent developments. An overview of 25 countries. Cologne: Federal Centre for Health Education,2018. BzgA_IPPFEN_ComrehensiveStudyReport_online.pdf.Google Scholar
Desrosiers, A, Betancourt, T, Kergoat, Y et al. A systematic review of sexual and reproductive health interventions for young people in humanitarian and lower-and middle-income country settings. BMC Public Health. 2020;20(666):1–27. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-08818-y.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Verheijen, RHM, Mahmood, T, Donders, G, Redman, CWE. EBCOG position statement: Gender neutral HPV vaccination for young adults. European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Reproductive Biology. 2020;246:187–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.01.016.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sonnenberg, P, Clifton, S, Beddows, S et al. Prevalence, risk factors, and uptake of interventions for sexually transmitted infections in Britain: Findings from the National Surveys of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles(Natsal). Lancet. 2013;382:1795–1806. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(13)61947-9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
European Board and College of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. EBCOG position statement on female genital mutilation. European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Reproductive Biology. 2017;214:192–3. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2017.04.019.Google Scholar
Santhya, KG, Jejeebhoy, SJ. Sexual and reproductive health and rights of adolescent girls: Evidence from low-and middle-income countries. Global Public Health: An International Journal for Research, Policy and Practice. 2015;10(2):189–221.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
United Nations Population Fund. Sexual and reproductive health and rights: An essential element of universal health coverage, background document for the Nairobi summit on ICP25. Accelerating the promise. New York: United Nations Population Fund, 2019. bit.ly/3HH2zmT.Google Scholar
ICPD 25. Key trends in the UNECE region. 2019. www.unece.org/index.php?id=51520&L=0.Google Scholar
WHO Europe. Action plan for sexual and reproductive health: Towards achieving the 2030 agenda for sustainable development in Europe. Leaving no one behind. Copenhagen: WHO Europe, 2016. WHO/Europe | Home.Google Scholar
Louwen, F, Mukhopadhyay, S, Mahmood, T et al. The United States Supreme Court ruling and women’s reproductive rights: A position statement issued by The European Board and College of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (EBCOG). European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2022;279:130–1.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Savona-Ventura, C, Mahmood, T, Mukhopadhyay, S et al. The consequences of armed conflict on the health of women and newborn and sexual reproductive health: A position statement by the European Board and College of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (EBCOG). European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology. 2022;274:80–2.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

References

CDC prevention guidelines. bit.ly/3DqpTCF.Google Scholar
World Health Organization. Defining sexual health: Report of a technical consultation on sexual health, 2002. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2006.Google Scholar
World Health Organization and UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction. Sexual health and its linkages to reproductive health: An operational approach. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2017. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/258738.Google Scholar
Health matters: A life course approach. bit.ly/3JorAED.Google Scholar
Federal Centre for Health Education and World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe. Standards for sexuality education in Europe: Federal Centre for Health Education. Cologne: Federal Centre for Health Education and World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, 2010. bit.ly/3JorAED.Google Scholar
United Nations Population Fund. UNFPA operational guidance for comprehensive sexuality education: A focus on human rights and gender. New York: United Nations Population Fund, 2014. bit.ly/3JorAED.Google Scholar
World Health Organization. Medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2015. bit.ly/3kTOzNk.Google Scholar
bit.ly/3kTOzNk.Google Scholar
World Health Organization. Safe abortion: Technical and policy guidance for health systems. 2nd edition. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2012.Google Scholar
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guideline: Abortion care. London: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, 2019.Google Scholar
bit.ly/3kTOzNk.Google Scholar
World Health Organization. Reproductive health strategy to accelerate progress towards the attainment of international development goals and targets: Global strategy adopted by the 57th World Health Assembly. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2004.Google Scholar
World Health Organization. WHO recommendations on postnatal care of the mother and newborn. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2014. bit.ly/3HDkmv6.Google Scholar
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Workowski, KA, Berman, SM. Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2006. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2006;55:1–94.Google ScholarPubMed
World Health Organization. Global health sector strategy on sexually transmitted infections, 2016–2021. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2016. bit.ly/3JpUJPM.Google Scholar
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention. 2006 disease profile. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2008, pp. 1–61. bit.ly/3HDkzhS.Google Scholar
www.cdc.gov/std/treatment/sexualhistory.pdf.Google Scholar
World Health Organization. Brief sexuality-related communication: Recommendations for a public health approach. bit.ly/3Y7XsS4.Google Scholar
bit.ly/3Y4jgOq.Google Scholar
Lei, J, Ploner, A, Elfström, KM et al. HPV vaccination and the risk of invasive cervical cancer. N Engl J Med. 2020;383:1340–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
World Health Organization. Cervical cancer screening.Google Scholar
World Health Organization. Preventing unsafe abortion. September 2020.Google Scholar
Laumann, EO, Glasser, DB, Neves, RC et al. A population-based survey of sexual activity, sexual problems and associated help-seeking behavior patterns in mature adults in the United States of America. Int J Impot Res. 2009;21:171–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McCool, ME, Apfelbacher, C, Brandstetter, S et al. Diagnosing and treating female sexual dysfunction: A survey of the perspectives of obstetricians and gynecologists. Sex Health. 2016;13:234–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ribeiro, S, Alarcao, V, Simoes, R et al. General practitioners’ procedures for sexual history taking and treating sexual dysfunction in primary care. J Sex Med. 2014;11:386–93.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
World Health Organization. Health care for women subjected to intimate partner violence or sexual violence: A clinical handbook. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2014. bit.ly/3XZ7PaQ.Google Scholar
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Fertility problems: Assessment and treatment. Clinical guideline 2013. London: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, 2013.Google Scholar
bit.ly/3kQzKLN.Google Scholar
bit.ly/3Ri74XS.Google Scholar
Miller, WR, Rollnick, S. Motivational interviewing: Helping people change. New York: Guilford Press, 2013.Google Scholar
Kabat Zinn, J. Full catastrophe living: Using the wisdom of your body and mind to face stress, pain, and illness. New York: Bantam Books, 2013.Google Scholar

References

Lei, J, Ploner, A, Elfström, KM et al. HPV vaccination and the risk of invasive cervical cancer. N Engl J Med. 2020;383:1340–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Unemo, M, Ross, J, Serwin, AB et al. European guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of gonorrhoea in adults. Int J STD AIDS. 2020;29:956462420949126. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956462420949126.Google Scholar
Lanjouw, E, Ouburg, S, de Vries, HJ et al. European guideline on the management of chlamydia trachomatis infections. Int J STD AIDS. 2016;27:333–48.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jensen, JS, Cusini, M, Gomberg, M, Moi, H. European guideline on mycoplasma genitalium infections. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2016;30:1650–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Donders, GGG. Management of abnormal vaginal flora as a risk factor for preterm birth. In Morrison, JC (ed.), Preterm birth: Mother and child. London: InTech, 2012. bit.ly/3wF54Qb.Google Scholar
Donders, G. Diagnosis and management of bacterial vaginosis and other types of abnormal vaginal bacterial flora: A review. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 2010;65(7):462–73.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

References

Fleming, TP, Watkins, AJ, Velazquez, MA et al. Origins of lifetime health around the time of conception: Causes and consequences. Lancet. 2018;391:1842–52.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stephenson, J, Heslehurst, N, Hall, J et al. Before the beginning: Nutrition and lifestyle in the preconception period and its importance for future health. Lancet. 2018;391:1830–41.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Campaigning for preconception health. Lancet. 2018;391(10132):1749–1864.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gluckman, PD, Hanson, MA, Buklijas, T. A conceptual framework for the developmental origins of health and disease. J Dev Orig Health Dis. 2010;1:6–18.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Painter, RC, Roseboom, TJ, Bleker, OP. Prenatal exposure to the Dutch famine and disease in later life: An overview. Reprod Toxicol. 2005;20:345–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sharpe, RM. Programmed for sex: Nutrition–reproduction relationships from an inter-generational perspective. Reproduction. 2018;155:S1–S16.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fleming, TP, Velazquez, MA, Eckert, JJ. Embryos, DOHaD and David Barker. J Dev Orig Health Dis. 2015;6:377–83.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Patton, GC, Olsson, CA, Skirbekk, V et al. Adolescence and the next generation. Nature. 2018;554:458–66.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rando, OJ, Simmons, RA. I’m eating for two: Parental dietary effects on offspring metabolism. Cell. 2015;161:93–105.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fleming, TP. The remarkable legacy of a father’s diet on the health of his offspring. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2018;115:9827–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Levine, H, Jørgensen, N, Martino-Andrade, A et al. Temporal trends in sperm count: A systematic review and meta-regression analysis. Hum Reprod Update. 2017;23:646–59.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
World Health Organization. Obesity and overweight. 2020. bit.ly/3wF9GpC.Google Scholar
Lumey, LH, Stein, AD, Kahn, HS et al. Cohort profile: The Dutch Hunger Winter families study. Int J Epidemiol. 2007;36:1196–1204.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Olsen, J. David Barker (1938–2013): A giant in reproductive epidemiology. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2014;93:1077–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cooper, C. David Barker (1938–2013). Nature. 2013;502:304–10.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pérez-Cerezales, S, Ramos-Ibeas, P, Rizos, D et al. Early sex-dependent differences in response to environmental stress. Reproduction. 2018;155:R39–R51.Google ScholarPubMed
Barker, M, Dombrowski, SU, Colbourn, T et al. Intervention strategies to improve nutrition and health behaviours before conception. Lancet. 2018;391:1853–64.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
World Health Organization. Meeting to develop a global consensus on preconception care to reduce maternal and childhood mortality and morbidity: World Health Organization Headquarters, Geneva, 6–7 February 2012: Meeting report. bit.ly/3ReygqK.Google Scholar
World Health Organization. Taking action on childhood obesity report. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2018. bit.ly/40bHeZI.Google Scholar
World Health Organization. Healthy diet: Fact sheet No. 394. 2018. www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs394/en.Google Scholar
Freeman, AM, Rai, M, Morando, DW. Anemia screening. In StatPearls. Treasure Island, FL: StatPearls, 2020. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499905.Google Scholar
World Health Organization. Global nutrition targets 2025.Anaemia policy brief. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/148556.Google Scholar
World Health Organization. Serum and red blood cell folate concentrations for assessing folate status in populations: Vitamin and mineral nutrition information system. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2015. bit.ly/3RijjUz.Google Scholar
Alexander, EK, Pearce, EN, Brent, G et al. Guidelines of the American Thyroid Association for the diagnosis and management of thyroid disease during pregnancy and the postpartum. Thyroid. 2017;27:315–89.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
De Leo, S, Pearce, EN. Autoimmune thyroid disease during pregnancy. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2018;6:575–86.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
World Health Organization. Summary of key points from WHO position paper on rubella vaccines. July 2020. bit.ly/3HfiKWZ.Google Scholar
Tetanus vaccines: WHO position paper. February 2017. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 2017;92:53–76.Google Scholar
Hepatitis B vaccines: WHO position paper. July 2017. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 2017;92:369–92.Google Scholar
Human papillomavirus vaccines: WHO position paper. May 2017. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 2017;92:241–68.Google Scholar
Yuill, S, Egger, S, Smith, M et al. Has human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination prevented adverse pregnancy outcomes? Population-level analysis after 8 years of a national HPV vaccination program in Australia. J Infect Dis. 2020;222:499–508.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×