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11 - A widening Atlantic

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 November 2012

Mary Nolan
Affiliation:
New York University
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Summary

The year 1990 marked the beginning not only of a new decade but also of a new post-Cold War order. Perhaps it marked “the end of history,” in Francis Fukuyama’s oft-quoted phrase, for the great ideological battles of the twentieth century among fascism, communism, and democracy were over, and liberalism appeared to have triumphed. Capitalism reigned globally, social democracy was on the defensive, and across the globe right-wing political and economic ideas were gaining adherents. The “evil empire” had collapsed, the United States was militarily unchallenged, and no enemies were in sight to disturb the new pax Americana. After a decade of troubles, the American economy had rebounded, while its European and Japanese counterparts languished. Europe, all of Europe, seemed ripe for full incorporation into an American-dominated global order.

The ensuing two decades, however, were less a story of convergence and cooperation between Europe and the United States than of divergence, disagreement, and at times overt hostility. Economically, politically, and culturally a multipolar global order replaced the bipolar one; only in military terms did the United States continue to reign supreme and alone. Unlike in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, however, the powerful poles are no longer located only in the North Atlantic region. Globalization, measured in the movement of commodities, capital, people, ideas, and cultural products, has returned to levels not seen since before World War I, but the United States and Western Europe are no longer at the center of all exchanges and networks. Manufacturing and finance are dispersed around the globe, and the rise of China is but the most visible symbol of shifting power relations. The United States is once again a nation among nations, even if has great difficulty acknowledging and accepting its diminished role.

Type
Chapter
Information
The Transatlantic Century
Europe and America, 1890–2010
, pp. 331 - 355
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2012

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  • A widening Atlantic
  • Mary Nolan, New York University
  • Book: The Transatlantic Century
  • Online publication: 05 November 2012
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139016872.012
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  • A widening Atlantic
  • Mary Nolan, New York University
  • Book: The Transatlantic Century
  • Online publication: 05 November 2012
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139016872.012
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • A widening Atlantic
  • Mary Nolan, New York University
  • Book: The Transatlantic Century
  • Online publication: 05 November 2012
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139016872.012
Available formats
×