Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-s2hrs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-12T19:57:09.248Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

67 - Biodiversity-based livelihoods in the ceja andina forest zone of northern Ecuador: multi-stakeholder learning processes for the sustainable use of cloud forest areas

from Part VII - Cloud forest conservation, restoration, and management issues

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 May 2011

R. Hofstede
Affiliation:
Ecopar and IUCN Sur, Quito, Ecuador
K. Ambrose
Affiliation:
Ecopar, Quito, Ecuador
S. Báez
Affiliation:
Ecopar, Quito, Ecuador
K. Cueva
Affiliation:
Ecopar, Quito, Ecuador
L. A. Bruijnzeel
Affiliation:
Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam
F. N. Scatena
Affiliation:
University of Pennsylvania
L. S. Hamilton
Affiliation:
Cornell University, New York
Get access

Summary

ABSTRACT

In the northern part of the Ecuadorian Andes, people are not profiting from the benefits that biological diversity may yield, and highland ecosystems continue to be deforested. At present, this trend is not likely to change due to a regional economy driven by an intensive potato–dairy production system. In highly populated areas, only few remnants of the uppermost forests, the ceja andina (a type of sub-alpine montane cloud forest), survive. Due to the implicit spatial relationship between the agricultural zone and the remaining forest area, and the disconnectedness of the rural population to the forest, a change in attitude is required toward more sustainable agricultural production systems and use of biodiversity if forest conservation is to be achieved. This chapter describes and evaluates the change in attitude of a wide range of stakeholders with respect to alternative production systems and forest conservation. Endogenous learning processes were facilitated within farmer communities through the establishment of learning centers in which two participatory learning and research methodologies were applied. The two methods resulted in acceptable participation and adoption by local farmers. Results showed a visible change toward less contaminating and more diverse production systems and the formation of institutionalized commercialization of organic produce and non-timber forest products. Local government-led inter-institutional and social learning processes were also facilitated. The process has been successful in one municipality where decision-makers and municipal staff showed high motivation and increased technical capacity, but not in another municipality where such capacity was lacking. […]

Type
Chapter
Information
Tropical Montane Cloud Forests
Science for Conservation and Management
, pp. 644 - 651
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Acosta Solis, M. (1977). Ecología y fitoecología del Ecuador. Quito, Ecuador: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana.Google Scholar
Ambrose, K., Cueva Rojas, K., Guamán, L. Ordóñez, Villalta, L. González, Borja, R. M. (2006). Aprendizaje participativo en el bosque de Ceja Andina. Quito, Ecuador: Ecopar–IDRC. Also available at www.infoandina.org/apc-aa-files/237543fdce333f3a56026e59e60adf7b/ Aprendizaje_Participativo.pdf.Google Scholar
Ashby, J. A., Braun, A. R., Gracia, T., et al. (2000). Investing in Farmers as Researchers: Experiences with Local Agricultural Research Committees in Latin America. Cali, Colombia: Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT).Google Scholar
Barthlott, W., Muthke, J., Rafiqpoor, M. D., Kier, G., and Kreft, H. (2005). Global centres of vascular plant diversity. Nova Acta Leopoldina N.F. 92, 342: 61–83.Google Scholar
Beck, E., Bendix, J., Kottke, I., Makeschin, F., and Mosandl, R. (eds.) (2007). Gradients in a Tropical Mountain Ecosystem of Ecuador. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.Google Scholar
Biggs, S., and Matsaert, H. (2004). Strengthening Poverty Reduction Programmes Using an Actor-Oriented Approach: Examples from Natural Resources Innovation Systems, Network Paper No. 134. London: ODI/Agricultural Research and Extension Network.Google Scholar
Borja, R. M. (2004). Documenting Farmer Field Schools in the Ecuadorian Highlands: A Case Study of the Province of Carchi. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Braun, A., Thiele, G., and Fernández, M. (2000). Farmer Field Schools and Local Agricultural Research Committees: Complementary Platforms for Integrated Decision-Making in Sustainable Agriculture, Network Paper No. 105. London: ODI/Agricultural Research and Extension Network.Google Scholar
Bruijnzeel, L. A., and Hamilton, L. S. (2000). Decision Time for Cloud Forests, IHP Humid Tropics Programme Series No. 13. Paris: UNESCO–IHP.Google Scholar
Buytaert, W., Célleri, R., Bièvre, B., et al. (2006). Human impact on the hydrology of the Andean páramos. Earth-Science Reviews 79: 53–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Conway, S., and Steward, F. (1998). Mapping innovation networks. International Journal of Innovation Management 2: 223–254.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crissman, C. C., Espinosa, P., Ducrot, C. E. H., Cole, D. C., and Carpio, F. (1998). The case study site: physical, health and potato farming systems in Carchi province. In Economic, Environmental and Health Tradeoffs in Agriculture: Pesticides and the Sustainability of Andean Potato Production, eds. Crissman, C. C., Antle, J. M., and Capalbo, S. M., pp. 85–120. Dordrecht, the Netherlands: Kluwer.Google Scholar
Dinerstein, E., Olson, D. M., Graham, D. J., et al. (1995). A Conservation Assessment of the Terrestrial Ecoregions of Latin America and the Caribbean. Washington, DC: World Wildlife Fund and World Bank.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Earl, S., Carden, F., and Smutylo, T. (2002). Mapeo de Alcances: Incorporando aprendizaje y reflexión en programas de desarrollo. Ottawa, Canada: IDRC.Google Scholar
Frolich, L. M., and Guevara, E. (1999). The role of family-based agricultural innovation in conserving tropical montane cloud forest: the Guandera Project in Northern Ecuador. In Entendiendo las interfaces ecológicas para la gestión de paisajes culturales en los Andes, Memorias del Tercer Simposio Internacional sobre Desarrollo Sustentable en los Andes, eds. Sarmiento, F. and Hidalgo, J., pp. 45–49. Quito, Ecuador: Corporación Editora Nacional.Google Scholar
Gobierno Provincial del Carchi, (2004). Ordenanza para la protección, conservación, y regulación del recurso hídrico de la provincia, Reglamento para precautelar el funcionamiento y buen uso de los sistemas de agua potable. Tulcán, Ecuador: Dirección de Productividad y Desarrollo Sustentable, Area de Medio Ambiente, Gobierno Provincial del Carchi.Google Scholar
Grubb, P. J. (1977). Factors controlling the distribution of forest-types on wet tropical mountains: with special reference to mineral nutrition. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 8: 83–107.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Günter, S., Gonzalez, P., Alvarez, G., et al. (2009). Determinants of successful regeneration of abandoned pastures in the Andes: soil conditions and vegetation cover. Forest Ecology and Management 258: 81–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hofstede, R. G. M. (1995). The effects of grazing and burning on soil and plant nutrient concentrations in Colombian paramo grasslands. Plant and Soil 173: 111–132.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kappelle, M., and Brown, A. (eds.) (2001). Bosques nublados del neotrópico. Santo Domingo de Heredia, Costa Rica: Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INBIO).Google Scholar
Kenny-Jordan, C., Herz, C., Añazco, M., and Andrade, M. (1999). Pioneering Change: Community Forestry in the Andean Highlands. Rome: FAO.Google Scholar
Kessler, M. (1995). Present and potential distribution of Polylepis (Rosaceae) forests in Bolivia. In Biodiversity and Conservation of Neotropical Montane Forests, eds. Churchill, S. P., Balslev, H., Forero, E., and Luteyn, J., pp. 281–294. New York: New York Botanical Garden.Google Scholar
Laegaard, S. (1992). Influence of fire in the paramo vegetation of Ecuador. In Paramo: An Andean Ecosystem under Human Influence, eds. Balslev, H. and Luteyn, J., pp. 151–170. London: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Maarleveld, M., and Dangbégon, C. (2002). Social learning: major concepts and issues. In Wheelbarrows Full of Frogs: Social Learning in Rural Resource Management, eds. Leeuwis, C. and Pyburn, R., pp. 67–84. Assen, the Netherlands: Koninklijke Van Gorcum.Google Scholar
Mosandl, R., Günter, S., Stimm, B., and Weber, M. (2008). Ecuador suffers the highest deforestation rate in South America. In Gradients in a Tropical Mountain Ecosystem of Ecuador, eds. Beck, E., Bendix, J., Kottke, I., Makeschin, F., and Mosandl, R., pp. 37–40. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Poats, S. (2001). El consorcio Carchi: Un ejemplo de coordinación institucional a nivel local. In Los páramos del Ecuador: Particularidades, problemas y perspectivas, eds. Mena, P., Medina, V. G., and Hofstede, R., pp. 267–278. Quito, Ecuador: Abya Yala.Google Scholar
Pohle, P., and Gerique, A. (2008). Sustainable and non-sustainable use of natural resources by indigenous and local communities. In Gradients in a Tropical Mountain Ecosystem of Ecuador, eds. Beck, E., Bendix, J., Kottke, I., Makeschin, F., and Mosandl, R., pp. 347–361. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.Google Scholar
Rist, S., Delgado Burgoa, F., and Wiesmann, U. (2003). The role of social learning processes in the emergence and development of Aymara land use systems. Mountain Research and Development 23: 263–270.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Röling, N. (2002). Beyond the aggregation of individual preferences: moving from multiple to distributed cognition in resource dilemmas. In Wheelbarrows Full of Frogs: Social Learning in Rural Resource Management, eds. Leeuwis, C. and Pyburn, R., pp. 25–48. Assen, the Netherlands: Koninklijke Van Gorcum.Google Scholar
Sarmiento, F. O., and Frolich, L. M. (2002). Andean cloud forest tree lines: naturalness, agriculture and the human dimension. Mountain Research and Development 22: 278–287.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berg, H. (2004). IPM Farmer Field Schools: A Synthesis of 25 Impact Evaluations. Wageningen, the Netherlands: Global Integrated Pest Management Facility.Google Scholar
Watts, J., Mackay, R., Horton, D., et al. (2003). Institutional Learning and Change: An Introduction. The Hague, the Netherlands: International Service for National Agricultural Research (ISNAR).Google Scholar
Weber, M., Günter, S., Aguirre, N., Stimm, B., and Mosandl, R. (2008). Reforestation of abandoned pastures: silvicultural means to accelerate forest recovery and biodiversity. In Gradients in a Tropical Mountain Ecosystem of Ecuador, eds. Beck, E., Bendix, J., Kottke, I., Makeschin, F., and Mosandl, R., pp. 447–457. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.Google Scholar
Wille, M., Hofstede, R., Fehse, J., Hooghiemstra, H., and Sevink, J. (2002). Upper forest line reconstruction in a deforested area in northern Ecuador based on pollen and vegetation analysis. Journal of Tropical Ecology 18: 409–440.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yaguache, R., and Carrion, R. (2004). Construyendo una experiencia de desarrollo: El manejo de recursos naturales en Pimampiro. Quito, Ecuador: CEDERENA.Google Scholar
Yanggen, D., Crissman, C. C., and Espinosa, P. (2003). Los plaguicidas: Impactos en producción, salud y medio ambiente en Carchi, Ecuador. Quito, Ecuador: Abya Yala.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×